The Beginnings of Electron Microscopy

angle aperture Appl applications Ardenne astigmatism Berlin biological Boersch Borries Brück C.R. Hebd cathode cathode-ray oscillograph cell chromatic aberration coil construction contrast Cosslett crystal dark field diameter diamond knife Drahoš Dupouy electrical electron beam electron diffraction electron gun electron optics electron-optical electrostatic Electrotech emission experimental Fernández-Morán film fluorescent screen focusing Gabor Glaser Grivet Haine Hibi high-resolution high-voltage Hillier Institute instrument Kanaya Kawakatsu laboratory later London magnetic lens magnification Manne Siegbahn Marton ment metal method micro micrographs Microsc objective lens observed obtained operation oscillograph particles photographic Phys physics plate polepieces produced Professor projector replica resolution resolving power Ruska scanning electron microscope Scherzer Seances Acad sections shown in Fig shows Siegbahn Siemens Sir Charles Darwin specimen spherical aberration structure surface techniques thickness thin tion Tokyo transmission electron microscope tube vacuum voltage X-ray