(22.) MONTANA.

(23.) IDAHO.

(d) On the Pacific are―

(24.) WASHINGTON: Olympia. (25.) OREGON: Salem.

(26.) CALIFORNIA: Sacramento, San Francisco, Nevada.

(e) On the South are

(27.) ARIZONA.

(28.) NEW MEXICO: Santa Fe.

(29.) TEXAS: Sabine, Austin, Matagorda, Galveston. (30.) LOUISIANA: New Orleans.

(31.) MISSISSIPPI: Jackson, Natchez, Vicksburg. (32) ALABAMA: Montgomery, Mobile, Pensacola, Tuscaloosa.

(33) FLORIDA: St. Augustine, Tampo, Tallahassee, Key West.

(34.) GEORGIA: Savannah, Milledgeville.

(f) The Central States are to the W. of the Mississippi(35.) NEVADA.

(36.) UTAH: Great Salt Lake city.

(37.) COLORADO.

(38.) WYOMING.

(39.) NEBRASKA.

(40.) KANZAS.

(41.) ARKANSAS: Little Rock.

(42.) MISSOURI: St. Louis.

(43.) Iowa: Iowa.

(9) To the E. of the Mississippi are

(44.) KENTUCKY: Louisville (tobacco).

(45.) TENNESSEE: Memphis, Nashville.

RIVERS. The rivers of the United States are the following:

(a) Atlantic Drainage.-The Connecticut, Hudson, Delaware, Susquehana, Potomac, Savannah, and Altamaha.

(b) The G. of Mexico Drainage comprises the R. Chaldhooche, Alabama, Tombigby, Rio Grande del Norte (rising in the Spanish Peaks), Neuces, S. An

tonio, Colorado, Brasos, Trinity, and Mississippi (3,200 miles long), the Mississippi rises in L. Itasca, 1,680 ft. high, in Minnesota, W. of L. Superior, and flows to the S. through that State, and between Wisconsin, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Mississippi, on the E.; and Iowa, Missouri, Arkansas, and part of Louisiana, on the W., having a comparatively straight course from N. to S.

On the E. or left bank it receives the Wisconsin, the Illinois, and the Ohio (1,000 miles long), into which latter river flow the Wabash, Kanawha, Cumberland, and Tennessee.

On the W. or right bank are, --the Minnesota, the the Des Moines, the Missouri (3,100 miles long), the Arkansas, and the Red River. Into the Missouri flow the Yellowstone R., L. Missouri, White Earth, Nebraska or Platte R., and the Kansas, all on the right bank.

The total length of the Missouri-Mississippi is thus 4,500 miles.

(c) Into the Pacific flow the Colorado and Gila, emptying into the G. of California; the Sacramento and S. Joaquim, flowing into the B. of San Francisco; and the Columbia or Oregon R., separating Washington State from Oregon.

GENERAL REMARKS.-On the E. coasts the Arctic current makes the climate in the N. part very extreme, whereas it is very mild on the Pacific seaboard owing to the Black Stream of Japan from the S.W. The climate of the S. is hot, and of the Central plain temperate; the vast extent of the country embracing every variety of both soil and climate. The richest agricultural districts are on the E. side of the Mississippi. The productions include wheat, indian corn, rice, sugar, cotton, tobacco, and flax. The minerals com prise iron, coal, copper, lead, silver, gold, quicksilver, &c. The petroleum of the oil wells is an important source of wealth.

The government is a Federal Republic, consisting of

a Congress (Senate and House of Representatives), President, and Supreme Court.

The animals include bear, wolf, fox, puma, beaver, racoon, elk, bison, musk ox, moose deer, reindeer, and the nandu, humming bird, turkey, &c.

The manufactures are very important, and include woollen, linen, cotton, soap, ship-building, leather, hardware, and other industries. Immense quantities of raw cotton, tobacco, food growths, and timber are exported; and the fisheries are very important to the New Englanders.

MEXICO.

BOUNDARIES.-On the N., by California, Arizona, New Mexico, and the Rio Grande del Norte. On the E., by the G. of Mexico. On the S., by Guatemala. On the W., by the Pacific O.

COAST-LINE.-On the G. of Mexico are,-C. Catocheon, Yucatan C., and Ascension B. On the Pacific are,the G. of Tehuantepec, G. of California, C. St. Lucas, B. of Sebastian, Guadalupe I., and All Saints B.

MOUNTAINS.-Mexico consists of the central tableland of Anahuac, fringed with low lying shores on the Atlantic and Pacific. The Sa. de Sonora are on the W.; the Cordillera of Potosi, and Sa. Madre to the E. Among the peaks are,--Orizaba, 17,400 ft.; Agua, 15,000 ft.; Popocatepetl, 17,700 ft.

TOWNS.-The principal towns on the coast are,Matamoras, New Santander, Tampico, Jalapa, Vera Cruz (the principal Mexican port), and Campeachy Sisal, on the G. of Mexico; and Mazatlan, Tehuantepec, La Paz, &c., on the Pacific. In the interior are, Arispe, in the N. (Sonora); Chihuahua, in the province of the same name; Monterey; Durango, in the province of that name; Puebla, Orizaba, Merida (in Yucatan). The capital is Mexico, on L. Tezcuco, on a plain 7,500 ft. high.

GENERAL REMARKS.-The climate depends on the .elevation, being intensely hot in the low grounds, and

The pro

very cold on the elevated ranges of the N. ductions include maize, cotton, tobacco, sugar, coffee, &c., besides timber trees (especially mahogany and logwood). The population is a mixed breed of Spanish, Negroes, Indians, &c. The religion is Roman Catholic. Agriculture is in a very imperfect condition, and the manufactures still worse, the only industry of any consequence being mining for gold, silver, lead, copper, and iron.

CENTRAL AMERICA.

Under this head are comprised the republics, all of which closely resemble each other in physical features, productions, &c.

1. GUATEMALA, to the S. of Mexico, stretching from the G. of Mexico to the Pacific, and bounded on the S. by Honduras, and S. Salvador, having the G. of Honduras indenting it on the E.

The only RIVERS of any size are,—the Salama, Isabel, and Montagua. The chief town is Guatemala. The exports are cochineal, logwood, mahogany, cocoa, gold, and silver.

2. SAN SALVADOR, having a chief town of the

same name.

2. HONDURAS.-The E. coast of Honduras, and Nicaragua, is known as the mosquito coast.

Ths chief towns are,-Comayagua, Truxillo, and Omoa.

4. NICARAGUA lies to the S. of San Salvador and Honduras, from the latter of which it is partly divided by the R. Segovia. Its largest river is the Blewfields; and the largest lake is L. Nicaragua.

The chief towns are,-Greytown or San Juan (on the San Juan), Nicaragua, Granada, Leon, and Manaqua.

5. COSTA RICA lies to the S. of Nicaragua, having the R. San Juan on the N., and the Mosquito G. on the E.

The capital is San Jose.

SOUTH AMERICA.-GUIANA.

BOUNDARIES.-On the N., by the Atlantic O. On the S. and E., by Brazil. On the W., by Venezuela.

BRITISH GUIANA is bounded on the N., by the Atlantic O. On the E., by Dutch Guiana, from which it is partly separated by the R. Corentyn. On the S., by Brazilian Guiana. On the W., by Brazilian and Venezuelan Guiana. Its length from N. to S. is about 400 miles, and its breadth from E. to W. about 300 miles, with a coast-line of the same extent, between the mouths of the Orinoco and Corentyn.

MOUNTAINS. The principal mountain chains are,— the Sierra Acaray and Parime, in the S.; the whole northern portion being very low, and consisting of alluvium (river deposits).

RIVERS. These are, the Essequibo, rising in the S. Acaray; the Demerara, Berbice, and Corentyn, all of which have a northerly course.

DIVISIONS. The colony is divided into the counties of Essequibo, Berbice, and Demerara, so called from those rivers, but only those portions fringing the Atlantic or lying in the river valleys are yet settled. TOWNS. The largest is Georgetown. At the mouth of the Berbice is New Amsterdam.

HISTORY.-Discovered by the Spaniards, and visited by Sir W. Raleigh. It became a British Colony in 1814, and has remained so ever since.

PRODUCTIONS. The soil is extremely fertile, and, as the climate is tropical and moist, the colony is very well suited to the cultivation of sugar, tobacco, cotton, coffee, ginger, rice, indian corn, &c. These productions are principally raised by Coolie immigrants, from India and China.

DUTCH GUIANA or Surinam lies to the E. of British Guiana, from which it is separated by the R. Corentyn; and to the W. of French Guiana, from which it is separated by the R. Maroni. On the S. it is bounded by the Sa. Acaray Mts.; and on the N., by