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Devany, an emancipated slave, who went out to the colony eight years ago, testified before a committee of congress, in 1830, that in seven years he had accumulated property to the amount of $20,000.

Among the numerous arrivals at Monrovia, mentioned in the Liberia Herald for 1331, is a vessel from France, consigned to Devany. The trade with the natives of the interior is, of all others, the most profitable. The large profits which it yields, may be seen by reference to the travels of Laing, Clapperton, and Bowditch. In the article of salt, for instance, which may be made in great abundance by evaporation, all along the coast, the colonists enjoy a very pro. fitable trade. Bartering in this article, they receive in exchange gold dust, ivory, dye-wood, &c. at the rate of two dollars per quart.

The nett profits on the two articles, wood and ivory, which passed through the hands of the colonists in the year 1826, was more than $30.000.

The charge of unhealthiness, as it respects men of color, made against the climate of Liberia, cannot be sustained by facts. Reason and experience are both opposed to it. Africa is the birth place of the black man, and to which his constitution is suited. It is physically his home. There he is lord of the soil, and the white man becomes the "lusus naturæ."

The result of a most careful investigation, is, that for people of color, the climate is decidedly salubrious. The existence now of two thousand persons in the colony, is conclusive evidence on this point. To them the climate is as healthy as the southern portions of the United States. The western coast of Africa is not desolated by the plague as Turkey, nor by malaria as the Antilles.

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1. The constitution. This grants them rights and privileges, as in the United States. The fifth article of which forbids all slavery in the colony. The sixth declares the common law of the United States to be that of the colony. the thirteenth article of which, censors are ap2. The forms of civil government. pointed to watch over the public morals, to report the idle and the vagabond, and to bring to legal investigation all that may tend to disturb the peace, or injure the prosperity of the colony.

3. A code of procedures and punishments. This has been extracted principally from Amer ican digests. Experience has fully shown, that these laws are sufficient to preserve the public order, and secure the prosperity of the colony.

A public library has been established at Monrovia, and a journal (the Liberia Herald) is published by Mr. Russworm, one of the colonists, and a graduate of Bowdoin college. It has eight hundred subscribers. The commander of the United States' ship Java, thus speaks on the subject of education: "I was pleased to ob serve that the colonists were impressed with the vast importance of a proper education, not only of their own children, but of the children of the natives; and that to this they looked confidently, as the means of accomplishing their high object, the civilization of their benighted brothers of Africa."

"The natives on that part of the coast are remarkably healthy. So are the acclimated emigrants. Many of the deaths which have occurred in the colony, are to be attributed, not so much to the influence of climate, as to irregular-ion ity in regard to diet and exposure, and the want of proper medical aid." Such were the causes for the great mortality among those who went out in the Carolina. But effective measures were taken to prevent the like occurrence; and of the eighty-five persons who went out soon afterwards, only two small children died. When once acclimated, Africa proves a more congenial climate to the man of color, than any portion of the United States. There he enjoys a greater immunity from disease.

To the white man the climate seems unhealthy. So is almost every tropical region. But what, if it be so? Thousands of lives are sacrificed at New Orleans, Havana, and Calcutta every year by men in pursuit of gain; and shall the philanthropist fear to encounter the inclemencies of a tropical climate, order to enlighten and save an ignorant, degraded brother of the human family? So thought not Mills and Ashmun.

A system of government, in which the colonists take part, as far as prudence will admit, has been established, and is now in full and successful operation. The supreme government is yet in the hands of the society. The colonial agent is recognized as governor. Great care is taken by the agent to habituate the colonists to republican forms, and to the real spirit of liberty. The election of their magistrates takes place annually. A court of justice has been established, composed of the agent, and two judges

Much is done to promote the cause of religin the colony. There are three churches, a Methodist, Baptist, and Presbyterian. Divine service is regularly attended in them on the Sabbath, and on Tuesday and Thursday evenings. In these societies Sabbath schools have been established, to which all their most promising young men have attached themselves, either as teachers or scholars. Bibles and tracts have been sent to the colony for a Sabbath school library. A gentleman in Baltimore, the last year, gave $200 for this specific object. Several young men of color in the United States are preparing to go to Liberia, as ministers of the gospel.

The little band at Liberia, who are spreading over the wilderness around them an aspect of beauty, are in every respect a missionary station. Many of the neighboring tribes have already put themselves under the protection of the colony, and are anxiously desirous to receive from them religious instruction. "We have here," says the colonial agent, "among our re-captured Africans many who, on their arrival here, were scarcely a remove from the native tribes around us in point of civilization, but who are at present as pious and devoted servants of Christ as you will find in any community. Their walk and conversation afford an example worthy of imitation. They have a house for public worship, and Sabbath schools, which are well attended. Their church is regu larly supplied every Sabbath by some one of our clergy. As to the morals of the colonists, I

consider them much better than those of the people in the United States; that is, you may take an equal number of inhabitants from any section of the union, and you will find more drunkards, more profane swearers, and Sabbath breakers, than in Liberia. Indeed, I know of no place where things are conducted more quietly and orderly. The Sabbath is more strictly observed than I ever saw it in any part of the United States." The Rev. Mr. Skinner (the Baptist missionary, who went out to the colony a few years since, but who, like other devoted servants of Christ in the same field, has fallen) said, "I was surprised to find every thing conducted in so orderly a manner, and to see the Sabbath so strictly observed. Thus we see that light is breaking in upon benighted Africa. May it be like the morning light, which shineth brighter and brighter until the perfect day!"

about eighty miles from Monrovia, intersected by the river St. Johns, of easy and safe access to vessels of 80 to 100 tons, fertile, salubrious, and abounding in camwood, rice, and cattle. The chiefs and head-men have recently sent a pressing invitation to the colonial agent to visit them, and to establish a settlement among them. The whole course of the Junk river has been

examined, (this river is more than fifty miles long, and it is found to afford many situations well suited for agriculturists.) The whole region may soon be covered with cotton and coffee plantations. "The civilization of the interior of Africa," in the language of Mr. Edward Everett, "is a topic which has not received its share of consideration. Of this mighty continent, four times as large as Europe, one third part at least is within the direct reach of influences, from the west of Europe and America-influences, which, for 300 years, have been employed through the barize it; to chain it down to the lowest point of social degradation. I trust these influences are now to be employed in repairing the wrongs, in healing the wounds, in gradually improving the condition of Africa. I trust that a great re

Extension of Civilization and Christianity agency of the slave-trade, to depress and bar

into the Interior.

action is at hand. Can it be believed that this mighty region, most of it overflowing with tropical abundance, was created and destined for eternal barbarity?"

AMERICAN SEAMEN'S FRIEND SOCIETY.

Missionaries to Foreign Ports.

There is reason to believe, that nearly all the tribes in the neighborhood of the colony, are disposed to place themselves under its protection. The natives esteem it no small privilege to be permitted to call themselves Americans. They frequently prefer to have their disputes settled by the civil courts of Monrovia, rather than by their own usages. Eight or ten of the chiefs of the towns on the northeastern branch of the Montserado river, lately united in a request that they might be received and treated as subjects of the colony, and that settlements might be made in their territory. It is the intention of the Board to comply with such requests wherever practicable. Thus the oppressed natives of || Africa will find in the colony of Liberia, a power friendly and Christian, ready at all times to be exerted in defence of the helpless. Measures have been taken for exploring the interior, and also for ascertaining the comparative advantages of different points on the coast, for the founding of new settlements. The territory chosen as most favorable, and on which the Managers have directed that a settlement shall be forth-frequented by American seamen, than any other with commenced, is that of Grand Bassa, distant port in France.

MEANS

THE Rev. Edwin Stevens sailed from Philadel

phia, in the ship Morrison, for Canton, in China, on the 4th ult.-In consequence of an arrangement between the American and British societies, the designation of Mr. Mines has been changed from Marseilles to Havre, the latter post being considered the more important of the two to be immediately occupied. It is more

Miscellanies.

OF DIFFUSING CHRISTIAN KNOWLEDGE THROUGHOUT THE CHINESE-LANGUAGE NATIONS, AND THE CHINESE SETTLEMENTS ON THE ASIATIC ISLANDS OF THE EASTERN OCEAN.

THE paper here copied was placed by Dr. Morrison in the hands of Mr. Bridgman, and by him was forwarded to the Missionary Rooms. Written as it was in the twenty-fifth year of a resi dence as a missionary among the Chinese, the suggestions are worthy of particular regard.

1. There should be a Central Station, supplied with books, teachers, students, preachers, authors, and presses;-say Malacca, at the Anglo-Chinese college. The languages to be. employed are Chinese, (in the Mandarin, Fokien, and Canton dialects;) Malayan, Buggess, Siamese, Cochin-Chinese, Japanese, Corean, and Loochuan.

2. Local Stations; as at Penang, Singapore, Java, Siam, Canton, and other places, where a residence can be obtained.

3. Itinerant Preachers, and distributors of Christian books, at all these stations, to any number and extent practicable.

4. Schools, both for boys and girls, wherever practicable.

5. Local Presses, for the vernacular dialects; from which religious tracts and monthly publications should be issued.

6. Christian Voyagers, with preachers, Bibles, and tracts, to go among the islands of the Eastern Ocean, and along the coasts of the continental nations, every where scattering the seed of the word; from time to time forming new stations, and annually visiting churches already planted.

The agents desirable to effect these operations, under the power of Jehovah, Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, are as follows:

1. Opulent Christians, locating themselves at any station they please, to render such voluntary aid as they deem right, to those preachers, schoolmasters, schoolmistresses, poor Christian scholars, or native converts, who may join the missions.

2. Missionaries, sent from and by exist ing missionary societies.

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3. Teachers of schools, sent and supported by voluntary associations, or congregations.

4. Pious naval officers, or other seafaring Christian men, acting as volunteers, to perform one voyage or more.

5. Owners of ships, or merchants, making a single trading voyage, or more, as they see fit, subservient to missionary pursuits.

6. Voyaging preachers; to be joined by one or more younger missionaries, to assist in all cases of sickness, danger, &c.; to learn the languages spoken; to become acquainted with and fitted for the work to be performed; or, to remain behind, where opportunities occur, and originate new stations. The families of married voyagers to be taken care of, if desired, at the central, or some local station. All the parties in these voyages to be volunteers.

General Conference of Maine, exhibits a concise and comprehensive view of the religious condi tion of the state. The following are extracts.

The General Conference of Maine is composed of nine county conferences, which have in their connection 166 churches, containing in all about 12,500 members. These churches being scattered over a territory larger than all the rest of New England, are located, of course, in most cases, among a sparse population. Of them, 128 are enjoying the word and ordinances from settled ministers, although the number of such ministers is only 115; a few of them having the pastoral care of two or more churches.

A large portion of the state being missionary ground, the prosperity of the churches, and the state of religion within its bounds are connected in an unusual degree with the operations of the inissionary society. Hence arises the fact, that more than one half of the evangelical ministers in the state were introduced to their respective fields of labor, by means of this society. Thirtytwo of them are still supported, in part, from its funds; and twenty-two others have been employed by it, the last year, making the whole num ber of its missionaries engaged during the year,

7. Native vessels may sometimes be freighted by Christian associations, or induced by pecuniary considerations to undertake mission-fifty-four. There are thirty-eight churches conary voyages; carrying on, in subordination thereto, in order to lessen the expense, their trading concerns.

8. Local associations of Christians, in any part of the world to afford pecuniary aid to such voyages, or persons, as they may approve.

These opinions are, with the greatest respect, submitted to the conscientious consideration of all those who love our Lord Jesus Christ in sincerity, to whatever church or nation they may belong.

STATE OF RELIGION IN MAINE.

THE report made to the General Assembly by the Rev. Mr. Ellingwood, as delegate from the

nected with the General Conference, which are wholly destitute of stated pastoral labor; and the most of them have had preaching but a small part of the time. The cries for help are often urgent and affecting. The furnishing of our feeble and destitute churches with even the amount of assistance they now receive, requires great and constant effort. Still, however, the cause of domestic missions has been quite as well sustained as usual, during the last year. Fourteen ministers have been settled within that period, seven from our own theological seminary at Bangor, and seven from other sources. Of the 112 pastors of our churches, thirty are from the theological institution at Andover, twenty-three from Bangor, and the remainder from elsewhere.

American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions.

MEDITERRANEAN MISSION.

THE Rev. Eli Smith is now on a visit to his native land, according to an arrangement made by the Committee when he embarked for the

Mediterranean, six years ago. He will probably remain a year, and besides promoting the cause of missions by personal intercourse with the churches, will publish in a volume the results of the inquiries which he and Mr. Dwight made in their late tour in Armenia.

Mr. Smith was in Egypt at the beginning of 1827-crossed the desert to Palestine in February of that year-was at Beyroot and upon Mount Lebanon until May 1828, when he returned to Malta-superintended the press at Malta until February 1829-visited Greece in the spring and summer of that year-was again connected with the press at Malta till March 1830-then entered upon an exploring tour in

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as favorable a view of his prospects as was anticipated. He says, "The climate here is healthy, and suits well the constitution of New England people. Last winter was not colder than a winter in Vermont."

A letter has also been received from Mr. Boutwell, dated "Fon du Lac Post, June 25th," where he arrived two days before, in the prosecution of a tour into the interior, to which he had been kindly invited by Mr. Schoolcraft. He expected to go as far as the head waters of the Mississippi, and to enjoy the most favorable opportunities for gaining useful information respecting the Indians scattered over the extensive territories of the northwest.

CORRESPONDENCE OF GENERAL AGENTS.

Extract from a letter of Mr. Bardwell, General Agent for New England, dated July 6th, 1832.

I have just returned from attending the annual meetings of our auxiliaries in Cumberland and York counties, in Maine, and in Merrimack county, in New Hampshire. In this tour of about four weeks, I have been permitted to plead the cause of foreign missions, in sermons and addresses, nineteen times. The cause is taking deeper and deeper hold of the hearts of good people in that part of New England. I am happy to say, I have never seen a better state of feeling in any section of the country, than in that which I have just visited. Both ministers and private Christians seem to feel, that the work, in which the Board are engaged, is the work of the churches, and that the Board are only the agents and servants of the churches in this work of benevolence.

The counties of Cumberland and York are but partially organized, in regard to foreign missionary operations. These auxiliaries have resolved to form male and female associations in every church and society in their connexion, through their respective counties, during the present year. And from the spirit manifested by the clergymen and others, I think this resolution will be accomplished by their own exertions. I hope this praise-worthy example will stimulate many others to similar efforts.

If those clergymen who are friendly to our object, would go forward in the different sections of the county where they reside, and take as deep interest in forming and sustaining missionary associations, as they do in preaching the gospel, and attending to the discipline and order of the churches, how would it swell the pecuniary resources of the Board! and, I may add, how happy would be the reflex influence upon the pastors and churches themselves!

I know it may be said, "There are so many parochial duties to be performed, that no time can be spared for extra labors." But is not this a parochial duty? Is not this an important item in that work, which Christ has committed to his ministers? How are they and the churches to preach the gospel to every creature, if not by such efforts?

There is at the present time more of an inquiring spirit in regard to Christian self-denial, than has hitherto been witnessed, both among ministers and private Christians. Some church

members of respectable standing are beginning to doubt their discipleship, from a conviction that they have made no sacrifice for Christ.

While on my recent tour in Maine, a clergyman in handed me a five dollar bill, as a donation from a poor widow with three small children, in aid of foreign missions. She refused friends should censure her. The day before, she to give her name or place of abode, lest her attended a missionary meeting where the duty of self-denial was urged. The inquiry arose in her mind, "What sacrifice have I made in sending the gospel to the heathen? She had in her possession a five dollar bill, the gift of a friend. She there consecrated this her all, to the cause of Christ among the heathen. Never did I receive a donation with such conflicting emotions. I was, at first, disposed to say, it was not her duty to give her all; then, recalling the commendation which our blessed Lord bestowed upon her who cast all her living into his treasury, I repressed my lips from uttering the thought.

such an example of self-denial for Christ's sake. I bless God that he has thrown in my path She will not lose her reward in this life; much less, in the life to come. O when will the church come up to the gospel standard of living for Christ!

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Berkshire co. Ms. R. Colton, Tr.

Contrib. at ann. meeting, Becket, Fem. char. so. Dalton, Gent, and la. Egremont, Gent. and fa. Great Barrington, Gent. 18,83; a. 39,6; mon. con. 16,52; a friend, 20; Hinsdale, Gent. 60,64; la. 37,36; la. indus. so. 10; Lanesboro', Gent. 20,75; la. 23,53;

Lee, Gent. 89,62; la. 42,50; Lenox, Gent. and la (of which to constitute JAMES W. ROBBINS an Honorary Member of the Board, 100;}

N. Marlboro', Asso.

N. Marlboro', North, Gent. and

la.

Otis, Gent. 8,14; la. 8,72;
Peru, Gent. 64; la. 31,36;
Pittsfield, Gent. 250; la. 150;
Richmond, Gent. and la.
Sandisfield, Gent. 36,25; la.
31.75;

Sheffield, Gent. 61,15; la. 48,08; Stockbridge, Gent. 70,44; la. 78,03:

Tyringham, Gent, and la.
Washington, Friends,
West Stockbridge, Gent, and la.
Williamstown, Gent. 155,42; la.
106,58; college. 41,75;
Windsor, Gent. 48; la. 43;

Ded. c. note,

30 09 9.00 31 75 550

95 03

108 00

44 28 132 12

112 84

14.26

60 31

16 86

95 36

400 CO

47 24

68 00

109 23

148 47 \

18.76

8.00

16 46

303 75

91.00 1,966 31

New

102 00

Central uur. so. of Western
York, Rev. A. D. Eddy, Tr.
East Bloomfield,
Penyan,

1 00-1,965 31

46 00

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Windham, Of the sums fr. gent. and la. ack. in July, 850 constitute the Rev. CALVIN CUTLER an Honorary Member of the Board. Rutland co. Vt. J. D. Butler, Tr. Castleton, Gent. 40; la. to constitute the Rev. JOSEPH STEELE an Honorary Member of the Board, 50,02; mon. con. 31,78;

Clarendon, Gent. and la. East Rutland, Gent. 6,95; la. 1,95; mon. con. 39,48; Fairhaven, La. benef. so. 15,67; mon. con in coug. chh. 39,21; (of which to constitute the Rev. Amos DRURY an Honorary Mem er of the Board, 50;) Orwell, Gent.

121 80 18 23

48 38

8 00

Riga, Presb. chh.

Rochester, 1st presb. chh. 28,39;

2d do. 154,42. 3d do. 123,92; free presb. chh 12;

Sweden, Cong, chh.

New York city and Brooklyn, W. W. Chester, Tr. (of which for Siam miss. 2;)

Norfolk co. Ms. Rev. E. Burgess,

Tr.

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26 16

54 88

318 73

27 75

12 00-464 10

Pawlet, Gent. and la.

26 00

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33 42

26 00

14,26; mon. con. 15,03; av. of ring, 38c.

46 54

40 58-100 00

51 90

3 12

16 56

Lysanders, Mon. con.

4.88

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Sutherland Falls, Mon. con. Tolland co Ct. J. R. Flynt, Tr. Columbia, Sab, school,

North Coventry, Gent. 50,50; sab, sch. 6,

North Mansfield, Gent. 21,50; Ja. 43,02; mon. con. 7,21; sab. sch. 5,30; bible class, 17,06; extra sub. 10; South Coventry, Sab. school, Tolland, Mon. con.

The Rev. WILLIAM ELY of North Mansfield, is constituted an Honorary Member of the Board, by his own dona. and by bible class and sab. schools as above.

York co. Me. C. W. Williams, Tr. Biddeford, 1st par. Gent. 13; la.

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which constitutes him an Honorary Member of the Board, 100; mon. con. 7,65; Sherburne, Mon. con. 49,19; av. of jewelry, 4; an aged female, 43e.

Westmoreland, Young la. benev. so. 7th pay. for James Ells at Mackinaw,

Palestine miss. so. Ms. E. Alden,

Tr.

Abington, 1st par. Gent. 47; la. 72,80; mon. con. 30,12;

E. par. Gent. 50; la. 39,63;

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Braintree, 1st par. Mon. con.

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Braintree and Weymouth, Un

ion so. Gent. 33; mon. con. 56,25;

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Bridgewater, Trin. so. Gent.

2 25

Easton, Cong. so.

51 60

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Sanford, Mon. con. 20; a widow,

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82 20

2d par. Mon. con.

Randolph, 1st par. Gent 51,02;

la. 24,59; men. con. 35,13; 2d par. Gent. 27,72; la. 29,14; mon, con. 14;

110 74

70 86

Scituate, La. Pal. miss. so.

40 90

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Ded. note of a broken bank,

Total from the above Auxiliary Societies, $6,300 64

VARIOUS COLLECTIONS AND DONATIONS.

Albany, NY, J. T. Norton, 2d pay. for support of Rev. W. Goodell, missionary at Constantinople, 1,000; members of 2d presb. chh. and cong. 75; 4th presb. chh 50;

Alleghany Town, Pa. 1st presb. chh. 20;

feni. miss. so. 20;

105 24 20 00

284 82

2 00-282 82

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