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of every 7 years at a cost of $10000; what sum will maintain the disbursement at 6 per cent.? (574.) Ans. $29855,838.

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12 Denari

1 Soldo; 20 Soldi

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1 Creutzer,

1 Florin or Gulden,
1 Rixdollar of account,
1 Rixdollar, specie.

1 Lira; 6 Lire 4 Soldi piccoli = 1 Ducat current, or of account; 8 Lire piccole = 1 Ducat effective; 100 Centimes 1 Lira Italiana; Lire piccole 30467 lire Italiane.

Sweden.

40000

12 Rundstycken, or ore 1 Skilling; 48 Skillings =

1 Riksdaler.

20 Grani

Sicily,

1 Tari, or Tarin; Tari 1 Scudo, or Sicilian Crown.

Genoa.

30 Tari 1 Oncia; 12 5 Scudi = 2 Oncie.

12 Denari 1 Soldo; 20 Soldi= 1 Lira fuori Banco; 5 Lire 15 Soldi fuori Banco 1 Pezza. The Pezza is also divided into 20 Soldi, or 240 Denari di Pezza: thus 4 Pezze 23 Lire; 4 Soldi di Pezza = 23 Soldi di Lira; 4 Denari di Pezza 23 Denari di Lira.

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Also, 4 Lire 12 Soldi fuori Banco 1 Scudo di Cambio, or Crown of exchange; 10 Lire 16 Soldi fuori Banco 1 Scudo d'oro, or gold Crown; 10 Lire 14 Soldi fuori Banco 1 Scudo d'oro marche.

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Geneva.

1 Sou or Sol; 20 Sous =1 Livre current ;

3 Livres 1 Ecu, or Patagon.

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60 Creutzers = 1 Florin or Gulden; 90 Creutzers, or 11 Florin 1 Rixdollar of account; 100 Rixdollars giro, or money of exchange 127 Rixdollars current, or 1901 Flo

rins current; 2 Florins 1 Rixdollar specie.

Berlin and Breslau; also Leipsic.

12 Pfenings1 Good Grosche; 24 Good Groschen= 1 Rixdollar currency, or of account.

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1 Grote; 32 Grotes

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1 Bremen Mark; 72

Grotes, or 21 Marks 1 Rixdollar of account; 96 Grotes, or 11 Rixdollars of account 1 Rixdollar specie.

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3 Aspers1 Para; 40 Paras, or 120 Aspers1 Piastre, or Turkish Dollar; 80 Half-Paras, or 100 Minas, also called Aspers1 Piastre.

Copenhagen.

12 Pfenings1 Skilling; 16 Skillings=1 Mark; 6 Marks Danish, or 3 Marks Lubs: dollar.

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Thus, 2 Pfenings, Skillings, or Marks Danish

1 Pfening, Skilling, or Mark Lubs. (Lubs, money of Lubeck and Hamburg.)

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4 Pfenings Creutzers, or 15 Batzen

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1 Batze; 60

1 Florin; 90 Creutzers, or 11⁄2 Florins 1 Rixdollar of account.

Hamburg,

Banco bears an agio on currency, which is generally from 20 to 25 per cent.

12 Pfenings1 Schilling, or Sol Lubs; 16 Schillings Lubs=1 Mark; 3 Marks 1 Rixdollar; 6 Pfenings=1 Grote Flemish; 12 Grotes Flemish, or 6 Schillings Lubs 1 Shilling Flemish; 20 Shillings Flemish, or 7 Marks = 1 Pound Flemish.

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Leghorn.

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12 Denari di Pezza 1 Soldo di Pezza; 20 Soldi di Pezza = 1 Pezza; commonly called Pezza of 8 Reals. 12 Denari di Lira = 1 Soldo di Lira; 20 Soldi di Lira 1 Lira; 24 Lire moneta lunga 23 Lire moneta buona; 6 Lire moneta lunga, or 53 Lire moneta buona 1 Pezza of 8 Reals.

Milan.

12 Denari 1 Soldo; 20 Soldi 1 Lira; 106 Soldi or Lire imperiali 150 Soldi or Lire correnti; 106 Soldi imperiali, or 150 Soldi correnti = 1 Filippo; 117 Soldi imperiali 1 Scudo or Crown.

Petersburg.

10 Copecks1 Grieve or Grievener; 10 Grieves, or 100 Copecks 1 Ruble.

2 Mezzi Quattrini

jocco; 10 Bajocchi

Rome.

1 Quattrino; 5 Quattrini = 1 Ba1 Paolo; 10 Paoli, or 100 Bajocchi

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1 Scudo moneta, or Roman Crown; 12 Denari d'oro == 1 Soldo d'oro; 20 Soldi d'oro

1 Scudo di stampa d'oro.

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Malta.

The Taro is

20 Grani 1 Taro; 12 Tari 1 Scudo. likewise divided into 2 Carlini, or 120 Piccioli. 21 Scudi 1 Pezza, or Dollar of exchange; 30 Tari 10 Grani = 1 Spanish Dollar; 38 Scudi 9 Tari 1 Spanish Doubloon; 30 Tari 1 Sicilian Dollar; 6 Scudi 3 Tari 1 Sicilian Ounce.

Bengal, Calcutta, &c.

12 Pice 1 Anna; 16 Annas 1 Rupee Sicca Rupee, E. I. Company = 47

Bombay.

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41 Cents; 1

Cents.

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10 Cash

1 Candarine; 10 Candarines 1 Mace; 10 Mace 1 Tale = $1,48, more or less.

Mensuration.

579. A triangle having one right angle is right-angled; when one angle is greater than a right angle, it is obtuseangled; and when each angle is less than a right angle, it is acute-angled.

580. When the three sides are equal, the triangle is equilateral; when two sides are equal, isosceles; and when the sides are unequal, scalene.

581. As the area of any parallelogram is found in multiplying the base by its perpendicular height or altitude, (103,) it is evident that the areas of any two parallelograms have to one another the ratio which is compounded of the ratios of their bases and altitudes. Hence we deduce the following properties:

1. Parallelograms of equal base and altitude are equal to one another.

2. Parallelograms of equal base are to one another as their altitudes.

3. Parallelograms of equal altitude are to one another as their bases.

582. Because every triangle is the half of a parallelogram of equal base and altitude, it is plain (165) that the above properties also apply to triangles :

1. Triangles of equal base and altitude are equal.

2. Triangles of equal base are to one another as their altitudes.

3. Triangles of equal altitude are to one another as their bases.

583. Also to find the area of a triangle: Multiply any side by half the perpendicular drawn to it from the opposite angle. Or, multiply the perpendicular by half the side. Hence, if the triangle be right-angled, we multiply either of the two sides containing the right angle by half the other.

584. In a right-angled triangle, the square of the side subtending the right angle (which side is called the hypothenuse) is equal to the sum of the squares of the sides containing that angle. (Euc. 47, 1.)

Therefore, if we assume two numbers as representing two sides of a right-angled triangle, the number which represents the third side will be arbitrary; thus, if the assumed numbers are to contain the right angle, the third side or hypothenuse will be the square root of the sum of their squares; but if one of the assumed numbers is to be the hypothenuse, the third number will be the square root of the difference of the squares of the assumed numbers.

Let x= hypothenuse, and a and b the other sides; then if we assume x= 5 and b = 3, we shall have

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585. From the above it is plain that to construct a Carpenter's square, we have only to join by a pin the ends of two straight rulers, the one being placed in a horizontal and the other in a vertical position, so that they may be moved like the legs of a pair of compasses. Then if we measure 3 inches on one and 4 on the other from the angle, and move the vertical ruler so that the hypothenuse may measure exactly 5 inches, the rulers being secured in this position form the square or right angle required. Or we may take 6 inches on one ruler and 8

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