that the reports about the cartridges are by each rumour that reached them ; lies, propagated by traitors, whose only but the prompt and vigorous meadesire is to rob and murder. These sures of the civil authorities, so nobly scoundrels, who profess to find cow's seconded by the Kuppoorthulla Rajab, and pig's fat in the cartridges, no longer soon restored confidence. Of this think them forbidden when they break

Sikh chieftain it is impossible to into mutiny and shoot down women and

“ His conduct cbildren. Subahdar Gyadeen Patuck, speak too highly. Subahdar Roostum Singh, and Havildar throughout,” says Captain FarringGunga Deen Chowby, you have done ton,“ has been excellent: he has well. I will bring your conduct to the shown himself fully worthy of the notice of the Governor-General of India, confidence that has been reposed in who will reward your loyalty. Private him. The promptness with which Ramphul Sookul, you heard the mutinous he took so decided a part in aid of and seditious language which was spoken good order, had a good effect in the by the two Sepoys, and on the court district. From the moment I called martial you would not give evidence. You are false to your salt, and shall be with his officials entered into the

on him to aid, he came forward, and punished."

cause of Government most heartily. The following morning the Column He and his brother, both at much was again on the move, for tidings personal inconvenience, remained of so disastrous a nature had arrived here from the first, for several from Jullundhur that it was deemed months.” To their personal influnecessary that this force should ence and persuasions, allaying any hasten on to Umritsur at least, lest symptoms of alarm or disturbance that station and city, emboldened by directly they manifested themselves, the unhappy success of the mutineers the peace of the town and district is of Jullundhur and Loodiana, should greatly due. attempt to follow their example, or In cantonments, however, the aslest some of the rebels, who were pect of atfairs was by no means so sathen believed to be still north of the tisfactory. There was a semblance of Sutlej, should push upwards towards quiet, and no open defiance of order; Hoshеyarpore, Kangra, and even yet there evidently prevailed a sullen Sealkote, and attempt to raise the and sometimes scarcely passive spirit regiments quartered there.

of disaffection among the native The writer offers no apology for troops. They complained that the giving an account of the Jullundhur precautions implied a feeling of disoutbreak at so great length : it trust, and with an air of injured inmay fairly be regarded as the event nocence protested against any susof the Punjab during the month of picions being entertained of their June, and demands a prominent stanchness. With much tact, Colplace accordingly.

onel Hartley, temporarily commandThe precautionary measures already ing the brigade, addressed the regimentioned as being adopted at this ments on their respective paradestation on the 12th and 13th of May,* grounds, appearing to give them sufficed for the security of the can- credit for sincerity, and at the same tonment and the peace of the adjoin- time making them understand that ing town, and all remained quiet he was prepared for them, and asduring the rest of the month. There sured them that " so long as they were, indeed, occasional alarms and remained quiet, not a hair of their misgivings in the town, the minds of heads should be touched.” I This the populace being swayed to and fro frankness had for a time the desired

a

* See Number for February, p. 241.

+ A fire at Hoshеyarpore was supposed to have been the work of two Sepoys of the 61st Native Infantry, who had gone on leave professedly to visit some shrine in the neighbouring hills. In Jullundhur itself there had been several fires. The native tradesmen and others began to remove their property out of the Sudder Bazar into the city.

I Captain Sibley, the Commissariat officer, a very able linguist, acted as Colonel Hartley's interpreter on the occasion, and explained this promise to the troops.

—No. IV. (June, effect :

*

events, however, in them- native corps. Nor was even this selves comparatively trifling, soon enough to soothe the wounded feeloccurred to disturb the seeming ings of the Sepoys. They could quiet.

scarcely credit the reality of such an The Civil Treasure, amounting at act, and pretended that some decepthat time to about 60,000 rupees, was tion was being practised upon them, kept at the Kutcherry under a guard and that false treasure chests had of Sepoys. Captain Farrington, hav- been substituted for the real ones ing obtained instructions, applied for and therefore insisted on having all its removal to the quarter-guard of the treasure counted over to them. her Majesty's 8th Regiment. This This was actually complied with ! application was refused, as being General Reid, commanding the Punlikely to wound needlessly the feel. jab Force, on hearing of this fatal ings of the native troops. As the step, sent a telegraphic message, reonly alternative, Captain Farrington monstrating strongly, and ordering placed a body of the Rajah's men that the treasure should be immeover the treasure.

diately restored to the European Subsequently an order came from guard; but he afterwards consented Sir John Lawrence, urging its imme- to cancel the order, on the represendiate transfer to the European guard, tation that, after what had passed, and pointing out that “its loss would such a step, might hasten an outstrengthen the enemy, which order them ; but by the judicious arrange.

and be really break. So the money remained with

us; was at once complied with. This ment of Captain Farrington, who occurred on the 16th of May. On required that all payments should the following day, Brigadier John- be made from this money, by the stone, having arrived from Simla, time the outbreak did take place, took command.t His first impulse the amount in their hands had been was to disarm all the native brigade, so much reduced that the loss susfrom which he was hardly dissuaded tained was inconsiderable. I by the representation that Colonel This difference, however, and other Hartley had pledged himself that matters of even less importance in they should be untouched“ during themselves, changed the aspect of good conduct,” and they had as yet affairs. Fires were revived ; secret done nothing to forfeit that pledge : meetings were being held nightly to break faith with them would have spies reported that the great

body of proved as impolitic as it would have the native regiments were mutinous, been unworthy of the governing and that " very soon blood would power.

flow;" in fact, everything tended to Having given way on this point, the show that the Sepoys felt themselves Brigadier then could see nothing short to be masters, and, in conscious of restoring full confidence to the na- strength, had only to wait their own tive corps; and as a first step, influ- time and convenience to enter on the enced by the commanding officers of work of carnage and plunder. In the the native infantry regiments, ordered prompt disarming of the troops lay on the 18th that the civil treasure, the only security against loss of life; which two days before had been re- yet they were not disarmed : the scued from the Sepoy guard, should be Brigadier, at first so eager for this removed from the quarter-guard of her step, now shrank from it

. In vain Majesty's 8th Foot, and given entirely did the Punjab authorities urge it. into the charge (half to each) of the The officers commanding the native

* Soon after the Delhi outbreak, one of the Native Infantry officers reported to the Brigadier that the Sepoys would mutiny if the cartridges were not destroyed. To remove all ground for complaint, all the cartridges suspected were destroyed before the men, under instructions from the Umballa authorities.

+ Until the arrival of Sir H. Barnard at Calcutta, he had been acting as General of the Sirhind division ; he then resumed command of the Jullundbur brigade, and having taken charge, proceeded to Simla.

# Not equal to the arrears of pay.

infantry regiments prevailed, and the hur might bave been as Lahore and Sepoys remained armed.

Peshawur? Had he received the reShall we altogether condemn of- monstrances of officers commanding ficers who, having passed so many the native corps with the firmness years among Sepoys, and inheriting of Brigadier Corbett at Lahore, or the faith in their devoted loyalty and with the same disregard as General affection handed down in their regi- Nicholson, or had he adopted the ments from the days of Lake, Och- bold plan of General Cotton at Peshterlony, Hastings, and such generals, awur, who required the officers to not to speak of the more recent tes- prove their faith in their regiments, timony of men like Pollock and Nott whose stanchness they were so loud -still insisted on the unshaken faith- in advocating, by sleeping in the fulness of their men? The feeling Sepoy lines, thus involving their own was natural, under ordinary circum- personal safety in the good conduct stances ; but, it may be asked, was of their men,--may it not be said that there nothing in the present attitude the catastrophe which at length befell of the Bengal army to furnish more Jullundhur, might in all human prothan sufficient reason for wavering bability have been averted ? in such a belief — for fearing that Thus matters continued, getting their own men, evidently disaffected, from bad to worse : fires were more might be no less mutinous than frequent; the bearing of the Sepoys others ? * Every day brought tidings more defiant; occasionally, indeed, of defection in other regiments-not they gave up men to the officers on only at Meerut and Delhi, but Hurri- the charge of using, mutinous lananah the scenes of scarcely less guage, but never their own com. atrocious cold blooded murders. Fe- rades.t Major Lake, the Commisrozepore too, close to their own doors, sioner of the

Trans-Sutlej States (the then Moradabad, Bareilly, the whole Jullundhur Division), who had been of Rohilcund, and other stations, had absent in the District at the time of borne witness to the general disaffec- the Meerut and Delhi massacres, had tion of native regiments. And when now returned to Jullundhur. Havso many had shown themselves to be ing with his wonted energy and false, who could say that his were promptness provided for the safety true? The officers persisted, how- of Kangra and Hoshеyarpore, and the ever, in professing to trust in their rest of his division, he added the men, and won over the Brigadier to weight of his arguments and influtheir view. Both they and he soon ence in favour of disarming the native had cause to lament such a misplaced regiments. At length the Brigadier “ confidence."

consented ; a regular plan of operaIs it too much to say, that if tions was agreed upon. The time was Brigadier Johnstone had acted with most opportune, for in addition to as much decision and promptness as the European force in cantonments, the other Punjab Generals, Jullund- consisting of the 8th (King's) regi

* One effort was made, apparently by a Sepoy, to put the authorities on their guard, by posting a Hindee letter on the door of the Deputy Paymaster, Major Hill, of which the following is a translation :

“ Bikbaree Singh, Subahdar, son of Kabab Kâs Chund; Xingan Khan, Subahdar ; Munoo Singh, Havildar Major, -regard these three men as devisers of evil counsel

. The Government is unshaken-but there are not enough men-rest assured of this.”

No notice appears to have been taken of this warning.

+ In one instance, a man was brought up for going into the lines of the 36th and alarming the men (in a similar way another man had gone into the 61st lines); it was discovered that these men had both been sent by a Pundit brother to a man who read the “Bhagurut” to the men of the 61st. This Pundit was tried, and sentenced to transportation for life, but his sentence was afterwards commuted to one year's imprisonment. Instead of being made over to a European guard, the man was placed in the quarter-guard of the 61st Native Infantry, with which regiment he was connected I What wonder that in the outbreak he was quickly released, and escaped ? VOL. LXXXIII.—NO. DXII.

2 Y

3

a

ever.

ment and one troop of European European infantry barracks ; her artillery, with a troop of native horse- Majesty's 8th soon turned out, and artillery which had just arrived from 200 extra men were brought down Hoshеyarpore, the 4th Sikhs under by Colonel Hartley to the artillery Captain Rothney, passing through lines; the artillery officers and men station, were halted there to aid in were at their guns, and all was ready the disarming, while a small body of for the impending crisis. As far as the 2d Punjab Cavalry, under Lieu- can be gathered from the various and tenant Nicholson, were close at hand conflicting reports, the outbreak ocon their way from Lahore, where the curred in the following order. whole of the Movable Column under The cavalry, here, as elsewhere, Brigadier Chamberlain had already headed the onslaught; some few of arrived. With such a force in and them passed down to the rear of the around Jullundhur, resistance would 36th Native Infantry parade, towards have been fatal to the Sepoys. the infantry barracks, where they

Everything was thus settled for suddenly fired off their carbines and the morning of June 6th (Saturday); pistols, and then rushed into the when, the afternoon before, the Brig- lines of the 36th Native Infantry, adier again gave way, and the only declaring that the “Gora log” (the course which could have saved Jul- European soldiers) were coming down lundhur from bloodshed was aban- upon them. This feint was evidently doned. The 4th Sikhs marched on, preconcerted by the leading mutiand left Jullundhur encircled and neers to raise the 36th en masse. * enveloped in deeper danger than These Sowars (native troopers) then

galloped towards the artillery, and Again the disarming was decided approaching the guns of the native on, to take place on the Sunday troop (Captain Smyth's), which were morning (June 7th); but Major Lake, on the extreme right, called out to the Commissioner, suggested that so

the Golundazees, or native gunners, unusual a parade might arouse sus- to join them, and turn the guns on picion, and it was again put off. It the officers; this appeal was promptly was scarcely possible that, amid so responded to by a volley of grape," much vacillation, the secret should followed rapidly by two or three not ooze out and reach the ears of rounds more, which brought down the Sepoys. It evidently had done some of the leading mutineers and a so, and driven them to anticipate couple of horses,+ besides wounding the intended degradation. About a considerable number, and sent the 11 o'clock on Sunday night, the too rest in quick retreat.

At the same common alarm of “fire” was raised : time another small body of cavalry Colonel Hartley's house was in and a considerable number of inflames. But the report of musket- fantry came up near the guns along shots in the direction of the native the front, and balls flew in thick lines told of something more serious among the officers and men; but than the destruction of some luckless Brigadier Johnstone forbade them to bungalow; an occurrence with which return the fire, lest any should be the residents of Jullundhur had by really stanch ! A third party of this time become tolerably familiar- Sowars had ridden off at the first to ised. There was no doubt that at the civil lines and the town, hoping last the Sepoys were “up."

to surprise_ or win over the KupA general call to arms was now poorthulla Rajah's men, who were on sounded; officers hastened to their guard there; but a challenge and respective parades ; ladies with their threat of resistance showed them their families flocked to the artillery and mistake, and they returned to can

* To complete the deception, it has been asserted that Sepoys in undress (white) had been sent out to move along as skirmishers across the parade from the direction of the European lines.

+ These were found dead the following morning : the wounded they carried off with them. One of the poor wretches was brought into camp while the pursuing column wore halting at Phing warrah.

tonments. The officers had quickly Sepoys, at once perceiving the danassembled on the cavalry parade- ger, surrounded the officers, and fallground: there Major Macmullen, an ing back towards the quarter-guard, officer greatly respected by the men, brought them off in safety. Here who had only a few days before suc- they dressed them in chuddees (sheets) ceeded to the command of the regi- and turbans to disguise them ; and

; ment, was fearlessly endeavouring to then concealed them, by making restrain his men. Seeing a trooper them sit on the ground and standing in the act of mounting, he tried to in a circle round them. A party of pull him off, when the wretch drew mutineers from all the corps soon his pistol and fired; the ball wound- after entered the quarter-guard, and ed Major Macmullen's left hand. began breaking open the treasureFinding that remonstrances and re- chest, in dangerous proximity to the proaches alike failed to bring the concealed officers; when an old Hamen to order, he fell back on the vildar, pensioned this year, saved quarter - guard, where he observed them by a clever device. Pretending several troopers standing passive and to be afraid that the Sepoys were apparently quiet. He at once order- going to hurt him as they crowded ed a “roll-call,” and a few kind words round, he warned them that, as they of encouragement kept these men knew he had been invalided for rheustanch for the night.

matism, he would curse any one that On the parade-ground of the 36th caused him pain. In superstitious Native Infantry fell the first victim, dread they quickly backed out, dragLieutenant Bagshawe, the adjutant: ging the treasure chest with them, he had rallied about 100 men of the and the door was closed behind them. regiment round him, and was appa- The faithful Sepoys then lifted their rently bringing them to reason, when officers up through a trap-door to a Sowar rode up and shot him. The the roof of the quarter-guard ; there, wound was a dangerous one, but not lying down under shelter of the parathought likely to prove mortal : how- pet, they watched in safety the scene ever, with a constitution on which of confusion below : some wrangling the Sutlej and Punjab campaigns had over the division of the spoil, others left effects deeper than the wounds filling pouches and havresacks with he received at Aliwal and Chillian- rupees, and all yelling out bloodwalla, he had not strength to rally. thirsty fiendish_execrations against He lingered a few days, and died, as the English. In this hiding-place humble and devout a Christian as he Major Innes and the other officers had lived a bold and brave soldier. * remained undisturbed. Having in

In the lines of the 61st a very timated their safety to Lieutenant different scene presented itself. Here Sankey as he passed by at night with the Sepoys were knotted together in his patrolling party, they were esgroups, some frantically calling down corted to the barracks early in the curses on their officers;+ others, more morning by the company of her Mapeacefully disposed, wavering what jesty's 8th which was sent round to course to take. In the midst of bring off any persons who might be group of the latter stood Major J. concealed in any of the houses. Č. Innes, with some of the other That Major Innes should thus have officers, endeavouring to keep them been rescued by the faithful few of stanch, when a body of their mutin- his regiment is not to be wondered ous comrades, headed by some Sow- at. He had completed, within a few ars, were seen coming down upon days, his twenty-ninth year of service them. A Havildar, and some forty among them, rising from ensign to

a

* To mark the respect in which he was held, and to secure his remains against desecration, he was buried in the Old Burial Ground, in the centre of cantonments. It had long been disused and closed, but was opened to receive his corpse, and he was followed to the grave by the whole community. Ensign Bates, of the 36th, was also wounded severely by a blunt sword, and his right arm was long disabled.

+ Of the 61st the following officers were wounded : Captain Basden, Ensigns Hawkins and Durnford : the latter died subsequently of fever.