revious month, with anticipated receipts and disbursements for the current month. found helpful to post the monthly financial reports to a budget control book where gside the original budget approved is entered the monthly receipts and disbursets together with the accumulated totals. Only such amount should be sent an cy as is shown to be needed by these monthly reports which should be carefully ked as errors are common. Sending each month one-twelfth of the total allowance Loroughly bad practice and results in extravagance. Moreover, financial requirets vary with different seasons and the monthly allotment should be adjusted to e needs.

It is customary to set up a ledger account for each participating agency. In prac, however, it has been found more important and useful to have a condensed budget trol book made somewhat as follows.

It is headed by the total budget of the agency with notes regarding amounts passed ditionally. Then come four columns, the first of which contains the months and al. In the second is entered each month one-twelfth of the total budget with acculated totals in green. In the third column is entered what is actually paid each nth with accumulated totals in green. The fourth column is used to show the extent which at any given time the agency has overdrawn or underdrawn its allotment. Balances available each month are shown in black with accumulated balances in en. Overdrafts are shown in red and total overdrawn at any time in the same color. Such a record is very compact so it can be easily taken to budget committee meetgs where it is constantly referred to in connection with the granting of advanced owances to be made up later in the year. It may even take the place of the usual Iger account for each agency.

The administration of a community fund means the conduct of one of the largest siness enterprises in any city. Its individual accounts are often equal or more than ose of any bank. The fact that the moneys handled are trust funds makes it incumnt upon those responsible to see that even more than the usual safeguards surround e handling of it.

The methods described do not by any means constitute the only ones, but are illusative of the lines frequently followed and doubtless will be improved upon as our perience grows.

A FEDERATION PUBLICITY PROGRAM

Karl de Schweinitz, General Secretary, Society for Organizing Charity, Philadelphia The social worker who is seeking inspiration for a federation publicity program ould consider the recent primary election campaign in Pennsylvania. I do not refer the victory of the independent candidate for governor. Such victories have hapened before. What was far more interesting and significant was the basis of the -ganization candidate's plea for the nomination. Spread through the newspapers in ur columnfull length advertisements was his legislative record in the field of social form. He asked to be the choice of the Republican party because he had voted for hild labor laws, for the state housing code, for the regulation of the hours of women industry and similar measures.

To hear such argument from an independent candidate would not have been emarkable, but when the representative of organized politics takes this stand, then,

1 120 CROZPten. ɔ the wooH Commun a contopang tu lo teat community vain must moetie the publicity program www and to re of the scientific met: MAP CAMAWR ww of federation is the financing of its constituent agencies Üz A myuq tu as not too the fun that the most concrete and Maddy Z care produery that ir mine for admitting that one cannot go to far ahe If ya yana un comittity that one must appeal to mer as one finds them, nevertheles today was she theodic social movement depends upon the soundness of it

Find while I wodd save Federation boid before its public is that of the manget bad granny development of a whole city. Its message should be one of Jalth and well biwing and an equalization of opportunity for everybody. Let it, ic example, take a keypti wame of its city. Let its workers start upon their misbion under the banner of Cincinnati, or Pilladelpria, or Cleveland, or Detroit, or whatkvality they be. Let them thus envision the true spirit of Federation, the united sodel front, the universal social task,

To speak in terms of a slogan is to imply that a publicity program for federation coincides with the financial campaign. On the contrary, in all that is fundamental the campaign is the least important part of a publicity program. The real work of education and interpretation must be carried on in the eleven months preceding the month of the campaign. licity program. Even in the eleven months before the campaign one cannot expect The campaign should merely show the fruits of the pub

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to everybody all that is implied in the federation program. The cost of zing a whole city is too great. It is a question whether it is feasible even to regularly one hundred thousand or two hundred thousand subscribers. Newsiblicity, except for the special article, is limited by the fact that it lacks consecuthat it must pass through the editorial screen, that it is subject to the limitaspace and the exigencies of the news. Human interest stories will win a friendly for the federated agencies and should not be neglected, but they alone will not the foundation for successful federation. In paid advertising there is possibly ɔpe, but it is a serious question whether the public is ready to support this kind ational expenditure.

is elsewhere that the federation must direct its work of interpretation. While asing to carry on a certain amount of mass publicity it should concentrate its upon the few. Why not recognize this fact and recognize also that federation >pecially interested group of people upon whom it can count for the extension of ›gram. This group consists of the members of the boards and of the staffs of derated agencies, the captains of the teams and their workers. In a large city ay include from five to ten thousand persons, and often more. Let a federation a in a city five thousand understanding and convinced adherents, and the city a. Far more influential than newspaper publicity or advertisements is the man to indorsement that may thus be obtained. In proof of this consider how in every there are certain physicians of whom literally everybody knows, not because they advertised themselves through the newspapers, but because word of their ability been passed from person to person through the initial impetus of satisfied patients. It is to be assumed, of course, that the work of the federated agencies is such as to the indorsement of those who come into personal contact with it and that the federapublicity program need be concerned only with the task of interpretation. This, 1, should begin with the staffs and boards of the member agencies.

First, each agency should be encouraged to develop its board, for there is no better y of convincing a man of the whole social program than by beginning his education -h one aspect of it. Let a man believe strongly in one organization and he will work harder for all. The federated agencies should be taught to consider their boards living and growing bodies. They should not hesitate both to add and to drop from eir board membership. It is difficult to work actively with much more than twentyve or thirty persons in a board, but that twenty-five or thirty persons need not be atic. Every year new interest should be sought. Of five or six new members one or vo may prove to be active. At the end of a year or two the inactive and those whose terest has necessarily been diverted elsewhere should be dropped and a new continFent should be selected from varying groups in the city.

Granted a strong and effective board membership, the federation should endeavor o give that membership a sense of oneness with federation. Nothing is worse for federition than the tendency to talk of the federation as it and they instead of we. Home rule for the individual organization and a sharing of federation decisions through the Council of Social Agencies, through the budget committees, and through frequent consultation between individuals and groups will help to convince people of the federation ideal and method.

But while a member of the board of the housing association, for example, may obtain a vision of city planning and may become convinced of the principle of federation

he may yet lack information about the constructive phases of group and educational activities, or of social case work. To accomplish this part of his education there should be held a city conference of social work. This conference might well precede the campaign, if the campaign can be placed at a time of year to make this possible. Every effort should be made to plan this conference so that team members as well as board members will attend. It should be remembered that what brings attendance is partici pation. A nice intermingling of the lay person and the social worker upon the program. and a stressing of the conference as a means of arming the federation workers for the financial campaign should bring the desired attendance. In addition to this conference, there should be held at one or two other times during the year a meeting of the federa tion at which the status of the social work of the city should be presented and considered.

But these meetings, even assuming an active council of social agencies, will not be enough to round out a federation publicity program. For the many people who cannot attend meetings there should be issued a quarterly bulletin. Such a bulletin il addressed to the members of boards and of teams would not have so large a circulation as to be prohibitively expensive. Most of the space in this bulletin should be devoted to a discussion of policies, movements, and achievements in social work. Instead of attempting to publish something about every social agency it should concentrate its efforts upon accomplishments of especial significance and upon the work of groups of agencies. At the same time it should be brief enough to be read when it is received. Publicity laid aside to be read at a later date usually serves no other function than to accumulate dust.

Two illustrations of the sort of articles that might be published are provided by recent experience in Philadelphia. A survey of the public schools of the city was completed this year by the State Department of Education. This survey was initiated through the efforts of the Public Education and Child Labor Association and the Bureau of Municipal Research. Among the subjects covered in it was the work of the White Williams Foundation in applying social service in the public schools. Here would be opportunity for an article which would discuss some of the social aspects of educational problems and the manner in which the three agencies mentioned were aiding in their solution.

The second illustration is to be found in the manner in which $25,000 was administered for the relief of distress occasioned by unemployment. The money came in the form of an emergency gift to the Society for Organizing Charity. Part of it the Society expended in payment for made work. This work consisted of much needed improvements in the city part, at the recreation center of the Lighthouse, at the Coll Settlement, the Pennsylvania Hospital, and the Episcopal Hospital. In addition, Society appropriated $2,000 to the Seaman's Church Institute to provide meals lodgings for homeless men, and $2,000 to the Visiting Nurse Society as a means enabling them to extend their nursing service. Originally the Society had promise the Visiting Nurse Society $3,000, but when the latter op S.O.C.'s funds were being exhausted more rapidly than h tarily offered to reduce its appropriation by $1,000 in might be continued to certain families. Here is the pos social work; first a statement about the social aspects of i cussion of the principles of relief in unemployment, third in which federated agencies-all of the agencies mention

ion learned that the

ated it volunassistance

al, and of course, the city park, are members of the federation—were co-operating a common end; and fourth an exposition of how fluidity in funds and transfers transfers of money are facilitated by federation.

he federation publicity program should also include a system of extension lec. This in various cities has been organized both directly under the aegis of the tion and through the efforts of the member agencies. There is no better way of .oping an individual's interest in an institution and his knowledge of its principles activities than the exercise of speaking on its behalf. If instead of being mere als of work and function these talks can take their subject-matter from such rial as has been suggested for the bulletin, they will become still more educational aracter.

In emphasizing the importance of public speaking as a means of educating the ker, I do not overlook the great value of this kind of a campaign in bringing the eral public to an appreciation of that for which social work stands. I am merely ing for a system of intensive education upon a definite group of people. Mass licity should not therefore be discontinued. It should be increased. The indiual agencies should be encouraged to reach their clientèle with pamphlets, talks, and ibits. Both the agencies and the federation should make constant use of the newspers. News items, editorials, human interest stories, all help to keep the name of leration and the cause of social work before the public-and the importance of name blicity is not to be forgotten. I wish, also, that every city might discover someone ho could conduct regularly a newspaper column of comment upon social work. We ve the book page, the music page, the church page, the society page. Why not ice a week a column devoted to semi-editorial, semi-descriptive, comment upon social work.

All such publicity and all the publicity which has been so well developed in the ́ederation campaigns of the Middle West should be stimulated and developed. It should be remembered that the more extensive a publicity campaign the more general is its message likely to be. It is, moreover, in its very nature hit or miss, a system of broadcasting without knowledge of the person whose aerial will receive it. This sort of publicity the federation needs, but it also needs the intensive work with a picked group of people. After all, it is upon the boards and the staffs of the agencies and the captains and team members that the future of social work in the federated cities depends. The contacts of one thousand, five thousand, ten thousand men and women both in the campaign of solicitation and during the rest of the year reach into the scores of thousands. The man to man message which they deliver is worth many times the value of the formal speech or article. They are the shock corps. Out of their knowledge of fundamentals in social work will the social progress of our cities be determined. It is to them that we must look for the carrying on of our legislative fights and for the right guidance of movements for the public welfare. It is upon this intelligent minority, this special social interest that the publicity program of federation must rest; and with complete assurance of success. For if Sodom would have been saved for the sake of ten righteous persons, what may not one hundred times ten persons and more achieve in a federated city?