"XV. Each word was divided into simple forms, and pasted according to dictionary matter made by the distributer, and for the most part agreed to by the marker.

"XVI. The order of books, of chapters, and of verses, of each article in the pasted books was then severally and separately examined, and the words read verbatim by one and literatim by a second person (see VII.)

"XVII. Every citation in the pasted books was found in the interleaved Vanderhooght, and the words there marked and the pasted books ticked. "N.B. In marking this interleaved Vanderhooght, different marks and various coloured inks were used for the different letters. In examining this Bible when the whole was thus verified, it was found that most of the words in it which had no mark over them, were not ticked in the pasted books. I think I may say that not

six words out of 400,000 were missing in the pasted books. "XVIII. The whole contents of the pasted books were then compared with Buxtorf's Hebrew Concordance, to see that our dictionary arrangement had not wandered altogether from the old school, &c., and then all the forms with Fürst's new and valuable edition of that work.

"XIX. And, lastly, it has been twice compared with the Englishman's Hebrew Concordance.

"With reference to the printed specimen on the opposite page, it may be well to notice that the dictionary matter is added only and solely for the sake of convenience and comfort to the reader, that he may have a sea neither of Hebrew nor of figures before him, but at least some words which he knows. It was thought to put as dictionary matter, just the translation, of the versions in the respective languages, of the first citation of each word but upon the whole it is perhaps better as it is. It is new-in some respects a compilation from Gesenius' Thesaurus, and

referred to above as the new and valuable edition of אוצר לשון הקדש

Buxtorf, corrected by Fürst, which has been lately published by TAUchnitz, Leipsic. It will not be found bad, considering how concise it is: yet we set no value or store upon it, introducing it chiefly for convenience. "Note.-The Hebrew type is a new fount, cut expressly for this work by Alexander Wilson and Sons."

* Excellent and well corrected as this work is, the Vade Mecum discovered no fewer than seven corrigenda, and at least ten omissions, in the course of its first eight pages.

fructus; fruit; fruit; Ex. 4:5 & 6:14-Lev. Jer. 44:21

Having thus briefly explained the object and plan of this Concordance; the method of forming both the MS. and its standard of comparison, I proceed to give a more detailed account of its revision for the press, and correction while passing through it, with a few explanatory remarks upon some of the minutia, which may as well be noticed to the reader as left for his observation to discover.

6th, Actual Revision previous to Printing.

ACCOUNT OF THE REVISION OF THE MANUSCRIPT.

1st. With the Hebrew and English Bible.-Each line of the MS. was read with an interleaved Hebrew and English Bible; in doing this, attention was to be paid to three questions. First, Is that part of the verse cited which really corresponds to the Hebrew word? For in the Prophets and those Scriptures which are written in parallel members, the danger is frequent of citing in English a part of the sentence nearly coinciding in sense with the Hebrew word, but which actually is the translation of the parallel member. Second, Is the English citation so full as to comprehend all that which really translates the Hebrew word, and have such words been selected as best exhibit the sense and connection? Third, As to the words underlined, is there neither more nor less underlined than what exactly answers to the Hebrew word?

2nd. With the English Bible.—After this examination of every line with the Hebrew and English, another individual examined the MS. with an English Bible. The object herein was to correct the spelling, and verify the references, stops, &c. During this revision, memoranda were kept of every particular which appeared doubtful to the reviser.

3rd. To avoid omissions, and revise the general arrangement,

The whole of the citations were then carefully examined with the pasted books (which form the copy of the Hebraist's Vade Mecum). This was done by two persons, one holding the MS., the other, the pasted books. A check was thus obtained upon the accuracy of the MS. in three particulars. First, As to the insertion of all the occurrences of each word. Second, as to the arrangement and division of the verbs. And, third, As to the correspondence of the English citations underlined with the Hebrew words: fully to secure this last object, the underlined portions of the English were read aloud by one reviser to the other, who held the pasted books before him. Memoranda were kept with respect to any of the above particulars, in which it was judged that the MS. needed correction.

4th. Use made of the Memoranda.-They were put into the hands of the reviser, who had read the MS. with the Hebrew and English texts;

and if he coincided in judgment with those who had made the suggestions, the MS. was at once corrected. In case of difference of opinion, the point was examined afresh with the Hebraist who had conducted the comparison of the MS. with the pasted books.

7th, Revision while at Press.

Thus prepared we ventured to go to press; but in order to insure as much accuracy as possible, great and unusual care has been bestowed in CORRECTION WHILE PASSING THROUGH The press.

After being carefully read at the printing office, each page was— 1st. Compared by one person with the MS. His directions were to read from the MS. to the letter-press, ticking in the latter each line as he saw that it contained the matter in the MS. which his left hand traced down,especial care being taken as to the italics.

2nd. The same parts were then read from the pasted books of the Vade Mecum into the letter-press, ticking in both the one and the other as he proceeded.

3rd. A comparison then took place between the marks on the letterpress, which were in black, with the marks in the MS., made in red when the MS. was compared with the pasted books, previous to being set up

in type.

4th. The whole letter-press was then carefully read with an Oxford Bible (Small Pica Octavo, 1836); the same as that used in the correcting of the Englishman's Greek Concordance.

5th. The order of books, chapters, and verses were then separately examined to avoid needless duplicates-each separately, and the order of the species of the verbs, Kal, Niphal, &c. with their subordinate divisions into tenses; and lastly, a comparison with the copy for italics alone.

6th. The proof sheets, after being thus corrected by the English reviser, were submitted to another reviser, thoroughly acquainted with Hebrew, who, first, read them through, marking and correcting whatever appeared necessary; second, he compared the headings, &c. with the pasted books, taking notice of whatever queries the first reviser had made; third, he read through the italics separately, making frequent reference both to a Hebrew and English Bible, and to the pasted books.

7th. After the stereotype plates were cast, the italics had another revision, in order, if possible, to allow nothing to pass which differed from the principles and arrangement of the work. More labour should have

been bestowed, if anything had suggested itself as possible to have added

accuracy.

8th, Concluding Remarks as to details of Plan.

I conclude with the notice of a few details which the reader will need to retain in mind:

As to headings and order.-The Hebrew and Chaldee will be found under one alphabet; but observe, when any variation in the mode of spelling words exists, we have taken either the form fullest in letters, or (when such forms were evidently irregular), the one most frequently occurring. When the word does not occur in Scripture in the form given in the heading, the pronunciation is included within brackets, see p. 8 [chr], and p. 9 [ăvad], &c. A pronunciation is added, that those who know nothing of Hebrew may be able to affix a name to the words. The system of pronunciation* adopted requires little explanation: the simple English letters have been used so far as their sounds express those of the original. The gutturals are thus represented, by gh; by ch; y by g.

The following Tables exhibit the system pursued with regard to the vowels.

The imperfect vowels are similarly expressed, and distinguished by a short mark, thus

Sh'va, when moveable, is represented by an apostrophe being inserted between two letters.

* Hebrew is frequently represented in English by the Italian vowel sounds, which differ in some respects from those we have adopted: the h which follows some of them here is added simply to avoid mispronunciation.

The syllabification is according to the rules of Hebrew orthography; each complete syllable being separated by a hyphen (-). The English reader must be told, that in Hebrew an imperfect vowel (", ", :) never constitutes a syllable. The accented syllable of the Hebrew is also marked in the pronunciation.

In the verbs, it has been deemed expedient to make-1st, divisions according to the seven more common species, Kal, Niphal, &c. At the commencement of each such species, a double asterisk is used (*KAL.—Preterite*; see p. 8, āh-vad'; the more rare forms, as Hothpael, &c., being pointed out, as they occur); and, 2ndly, subdivisions of each of these heads into Preterite, Future, &c.

When the Hebrew and English differ as to verse and chapter, the latter is placed first, and the former immediately after, in parentheses-thus 72 Numbers 17:12(27) is found to be verse 12 in the English, but verse 27 in the Hebrew.