he there answers, and here toucheth it again, and answers another objection, which it seems was made, viz. that he refused to receive maintenance from them out of unkindness to them.

TEXT.

7 Have I committed an offence in abasing myself that you might be exalted, because I have preached to you the Gospel of God freely? 8 I robbed other churches, taking wages of them, to do you service. 9 And when I was present with you, and wanted, I was chargeable to no man: for that which was lacking to me the brethren which came from Macedonia supplied: and in all things I have kept myself from being burdensome unto you, and so will I keep myself. 10 As the truth of Christ is in me, no man shall stop me of this boasting in the regions of Achaia.

11 Wherefore? because I love you not? God knoweth.

12 But what I do, that I will do, that I may cut off occasion from them which desire occasion; that wherein they glory, they may be found even as we.

PARAPHRASE.

7 Have I committed an offence in abasing myself, to work with my hands, neglecting my right of maintenance, due to me, as an apostle, that you might be exalted in Christianity, because 8 I preached the Gospel of God to you gratis? I robbed other 9 churches, taking wages of them, to do you service. And, being with you and in want, I was chargeable to not a man of you: for the brethren, who came from Macedonia, supplied me with what I needed: and, in all things, I have kept myself from being burdensome to you, and so I will continue to 10 do. The truth and sincerity I owe to Christ is, in what I say

to you, viz. This boasting of mine shall not in the regions of 11 Achaia be stopped in me. Why so? Is it because I love

you not? For that God can be my witness, he knoweth. 12 But what I do, and shall do, is, that I may cut off all occasion from those, who, if I took any thing of you, would be glad of that occasion to boast, that in it they had me for a

NOTES.

7 The adverse party made it an argument against St. Paul, as an evidence that he was no apostle, since he took not from the Corinthians maintenance, 1 Cor. ix. 1-3. Another objection raised against him from hence was, that he would receive nothing from them, because he loved them not, 2 Cor. xi. 11. This he answers here, by giving another reason for his so doing. A third allegation was, That it was only a crafty trick in him to catch them, 2 Cor. xii. 16, which he answers there.

12 Kai wonow, "that I will do," rather, "and will do ;" so the words stand in the Greek, and do not refer to ver. 10, as a profession of his resolution to take nothing of them; but to ver. 11, to which it is joined; showing that his refusing any reward from them was not out of unkindness, but for another reason.

TEXT.

13 For such are false apostles, deceitful workers, transforming themselves into the apostles of Christ.

14 And no marvel; for Satan himself is transformed into an angel of light.

15 Therefore it is no great thing if his ministers also be transformed, as the ministers of righteousness: whose end shall be according to their works.

PARAPHRASE.

pattern, and did nothing but what even I myself had done. 13 For these are false apostles, deceitful labourers in the Gospel,

having put on the counterfeit shape and outside of apostles of 14 Christ: And no marvel; for Satan himself is sometimes 15 transformed into an angel of light. Therefore it is not strange, if so be his ministers are disguised so as to appear ministers of the Gospel: whose end shall be according to their works.

NOTE.

13 They had questioned St. Paul's apostleship, 1 Cor. ix. because of his not taking maintenance of the Corinthians. He here directly declares them to be no true apostles.

SECTION IV. NO. 5.

CHAPTER XI. 16-33.

CONTENTS.

He goes on, in his justification, reflecting upon the carriage of the false apostle towards the Corinthians, ver. 16-21. He compares himself with the false apostle, in what he boasts of, as being a Hebrew, ver. 21, 22, or minister of Christ, ver. 23, and here St. Paul enlarges upon his labours and sufferings.

TEXT.

16 I say again, Let no man think me a fool; if otherwise, yet as a fool receive me, that I may boast myself a little.

17 That which I speak, I speak it not after the Lord, but as it were foolishly, in this confidence of boasting.

18 Seeing that many glory after the flesh, I will glory also. 19 For ye suffer fools gladly, seeing ye yourselves are wise.

20 For ye suffer, if a man bring you into bondage, if a man devour you, if a man take of you, if a man exalt himself, if a man smite you on the face.

21 I speak, as concerning reproach, as though we had been weak: howbeit, whereinsoever any are bold, (I speak foolishly) I am bold also. 22 Are they Hebrews? So am I. Are they Israelites? So am I. Are they the seed of Abraham? So am I.,

PARAPHRASE.

16 I say again, Let no man think me a fool, that I speak so much of myself: or, at least, if it be a folly in me, bear with me as a fool, that I too, as well as others, may boast myself 17 a little. That which I say on this occasion is not by com

mand from Christ, but, as it were, foolishly, in this matter of 18 boasting. Since many glory in their circumcision, or ex19 traction, I will glory also. For ye bear with fools easily, 20 being yourselves wise. For you bear with it, if a man bring you into bondage, i. e. domineer over you, and use you like his bondmen; if he make a prey of you; if he take, or extort presents, or a salary, from you; if he be elevated, and high, amongst you; if he smite you on the face, i. e. treat you 21 contumeliously. I speak, according to the reproach has been cast upon me, as if I were weak, i. e. destitute of what might support me in dignity and authority, equal to this false apostle; as if I had not as fair pretences to power and profit amongst 22 you, as he. Is he an Hebrew 1, i. e. by language an Hebrew?

"After the flesh." What this glorying" after the flesh" was, in particular here, vid. ver. 22, viz. being a Jew by descent.

d

19 Spoken ironically, for their bearing with the insolence and covetousness of their false apostle.

e

20 The "bondage" here meant, was subjection to the will of their false apostle, as appears by the following particulars of this verse, and not subjection to the Jewish rites. For if that had been, St. Paul was so zealous against it, that he would have spoken more plainly and warmly, as we see in his epistle to the Galatians; and not have touched it thus, only by the by, slightly, in a doubtful expression. Besides, it is plain, no such thing was yet attempted openly; only St. Paul was afraid of it; vid. ver. 3.

22 " Is he an Hebrew?" Having, in the foregoing verse, spoken in the singular number, I have been fain to continue the same number here, though different from

TEXT.

23 Are they ministers of Christ? (I speak as a fool) I am more: in labours more abundant, in stripes above measure, in prisons more frequent, in deaths oft.

24 Of the Jews five times received I forty stripes save one.

25 Thrice was I beaten with rods, once was I stoned, thrice I suffered shipwreck, a night and a day I have been in the deep;

26 In journeyings often, in perils of waters, in perils of robbers, in perils by mine own countrymen, in perils by the heathen, in perils in the city, in perils in the wilderness, in perils in the sea, in perils among false brethren;

27 In weariness and painfulness, in watchings often, in hunger and thirst, in fastings often, in cold and nakedness.

28 Besides those things that are without, that which cometh upon me daily, the care of all the churches.

PARAPHRASE.

So am I. Is he an Israelite, truly of the Jewish nation, and bred up in that religion? So am I. Is he of the seed of Abraham, really descended from him? And not a proselyte, 23 of a foreign extraction? So am I. Is he a minister of Jesus Christ? (I speak in my foolish way of boasting) I am more so: in toilsome labours I surpass him: in stripes I am exceedingly beyond him in prisons I have been oftener; and in the 24 very jaws of death, more than once: Of the Jews I have, five 25 times, received forty stripes save one. Thrice was I whipped

with rods once was I stoned: thrice shipwrecked: I have 26 passed a night and a day in the sea: In journeyings often: in perils by water; in perils by robbers; in perils by mine own countrymen; in perils from the heathen; in perils in the city; in perils in the country; in perils at sea; in perils among 27 false brethren; In toil and trouble, and sleepless nights, often; in hunger and thirst; in fastings, often; in cold and naked28 ness. Besides these troubles from without, the disturbance

NOTES.

that in the text, to avoid an inconsistency in the paraphrase, which could not but shock the reader. But this I would be understood to do, without imposing my opinion on any body, or pretending to change the text: but, as an expositor, to tell my reader that I think, though St. Paul says " they," he means but one; as often, when he says "we," he means only himself, the reason whereof I have given elsewhere.

23 ■ 'Ev #λnyaïs ùπep¤œλλóv7ws, “in stripes above measure," rather " in stripes exceeding." For these words, as the other particulars of this verse, ought to be taken comparatively, with reference to the false apostle, with whom St. Paul is comparing himself, in the ministry of the Gospel. Unless this be understood so, there will seem to be a disagreeable tautology in the following verses; which, taking these words in a comparative sense, are proofs of his saying, "In stripes I am exceedingly beyond him; for of the Jews five times," &c.

TEXT.

29 Who is weak, and I am not weak? who is offended, and I burn not? 30 If I must needs glory, I will glory of the things which concern mine infirmities.

31 The God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, which is blessed for evermore, knoweth that I lie not.

32 In Damascus, the governor under Aretas the king kept the city of the Damascenes, with a garrison desirous to apprehend me:

33 And through a window in a basket was I let down by the wall, and escaped his hands.

PARAPHRASE.

that comes daily upon me, from my concern for all the 29 churches. Who is a weak Christian, in danger, through frailty or ignorance, to be misled, whose weakness I do not feel and suffer in, as if it were my own? Who is actually misled, for whom my zeal and concern do not make me uneasy, 30 as if I had a fire in me? If I must be compelled to glory,

I will glory of those things which are of my weak and suffer31 ing side. The God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who 32 is blessed for ever, knoweth that I lie not. In Damascus,

the governor, under Aretas the king, who kept the town with 33 a garrison, being desirous to apprehend me; I was through a window let down in a basket, and escaped his hands.

NOTES.

30 h Compelled." Vid. chap. xii. 11.

i By xauxãoba, which is translated sometimes" to glory,” and sometimes " to boast," the apostle all along, where he applies it to himself, means nothing, but the mentioning some commendable action of his, without vanity or ostentation, but barely upon necessity, on the present occasion.

SECTION IV. No. 6.

CHAPTER XII. 1-11.

CONTENTS.

He makes good his apostleship, by the extraordinary visions and revelations which he had received.