XVI. brought him to consent to the detention of all the BOOK places they had taken, as well in Luxembourg, as Flanders, and all other provinces, by which they 1659. dismembered all the Spanish dominions in those parts, and kept themselves nearer neighbours to the Hollanders, than the other desired they should be, he compelled them, though a thing very foreign to the treaty, to deliver the town of Juliers to the duke of Newburgh, without the payment of any money for what they had laid out upon the fortifications; which they could otherwise claim. It is very true, that town did belong of right to the duke of Newburgh, as part of the duchy of Juliers, which was descended to him. But it is as true, that it was preserved by Spain, from being possessed by the Hollanders many years before, and by treaty to remain in their hands, till they should receive satisfaction for all their disbursements. After which time, they erected the citadel there, and much mended the fortifications. And this dependence and expectation had kept that prince fast to all the Spanish interest in Germany: whereas, by the wresting it now out of their hands, and frankly giving it up to the true owner, they got the entire devotion of the duke of Newburgh to France, and so a new friend to strengthen their alliance upon the Rhine, which was before inconvenient enough to Spain, by stopping the resort of any German succours into Flanders. And if at any time to come the French shall purchase Juliers from the duke of Newburgh, as upon many accidents he may be induced to part with it, they will be possessed of the most advantageous post to facilitate their enterprises upon Liege, or Cologne, or to disturb the BOOK Hollanders in Maestricht, or to seize upon AquisXVI. grane, an imperial town; and, indeed, to disturb 1659. the peace of Christendom. a Of Portugal no other care was taken in the treaty, than that after the French king had pompously declared, "he would have given up all his "conquests by the war, provided the king of Spain "would have consented that all things should re"main in Portugal as they were at that present,' (which proposition, it was said, his catholic majesty had absolutely refused,) now "the most Christian king should be allowed three months' time, count"ing from the day of the ratification of the treaty, "wherein he might try to dispose the Portuguese "to satisfy his catholic majesty. But after those "three months should be expired, if his good offices "should not produce the effect desired, then neither "his most Christian majesty nor his successors should 66 66 give the Portuguese any aid or assistance, publicly "or secretly, directly or indirectly, by sea or land, "or in any other manner whatsoever." And this the ingenuity of the cardinal thought could never be called renouncing of the king of Portugal's interest.a To the prince of Condé all things were yielded which had been insisted on; and full recompense made to such of his party as could not be restored a Of Portugal no other care was taken-king of Portugal's interest.] Thus in MS.: For Portugal, it was agreed that there should not be any mention of it in the whole treaty, which the French ingenuity thought could never be called renounc ing it; though there were other articles so binding, that they could not only not send them any relief or assistance, but that restrained them from sending any ambassador to them, or receiving one from them. XVI. to their offices; as president Viole, and some others: BOOK yet don Lewis would not sign the treaty, till he had sent an express to the prince of Condé, to inform 1659. him of all the particulars, and had received his full approbation. And even then, the king of Spain caused a great sum of money to be paid to him, that he might discharge all the debts which he had contracted in Flanders, and reward his officers, who were to be disbanded; a method France did not use at the same time to their proselytes, but left Catalonia to their king's chastisement, without any provision made for don Josepho de Margarita, and others, who had been the principal contrivers of those disturbances; and were left to eat the bread of France; where it is administered to them very sparingly, without any hope of ever seeing their native country again, except they make their way thi=ther by fomenting a new rebellion. When all things were concluded, and the engross■ments preparing, the cardinal came one morning into don Lewis's chamber with a sad countenance; and told him, "they had lost all their pains, and the "peace could not be concluded." At which don Lewis, in much disturbance, asked "what the mat"ter was?" The cardinal very composedly answered, "that it must not be; that they two were too good catholics to do any thing against the pope's infallibility, which would be called in question by "this peace; since his holiness had declared, that "there would be no peace made;" as indeed he had done, after he had, from the first hour of his pontificate, laboured it for many years, and found himself still deluded by the cardinal, who had yet promised him, that, when the season was ripe for it, he should 66 66 BOOK have the sole power to conclude it; so that when XVI. he heard that the two favourites were to meet, of 1659. which he had no notice, he said in the consistory, "that he was sure that cardinal Mazarine would "not make a peace." Don Lewis was glad that there was no other objection against it; and so all the company made themselves merry at the pope's charge. When the marquis of Ormond discovered by the information he received at Toulouse, that the treaty was so near an end, he made all possible haste to the place the king had appointed to meet at, that his majesty might lose no more time. When he came thither, he found nobody; which he imputed to the usual delays in their journey; and stayed one whole day in expectation of them; but then concluded that they were gone forward some other way, and so thought it his business to hasten to Fuentarabia, where he heard nothing of the king. Sir Harry Bennet was in great perplexity, and complained, very reasonably, that the king neglected his own business in such a conjuncture, the benefit whereof was lost by his not coming. Don Lewis seemed to wonder b, that the king had not come thither, whilst the cardinal and he were together. The treaty was now concluded; and though the cardinal remained still at his old quarters on the French side, under some indisposition of the gout, yet he and don Lewis were to meet no more. But don Lewis was the less troubled that the king had not come sooner, because he had found the cardinal. as often as he had taken occasion to speak of the b seemed to wonder] seemed troubled XVI. king, very cold, and reserved; and he had magnified BOOK the power of the parliament, and seemed to think his majesty's hopes desperate; and advised don 1659. Lewis "to be wary how he embarked himself in an "affair that had no foundation; and that it was " rather time for all catholics to unite to the break"ing the power and interest of the heretical party, "wherever it was, than to strengthen it by restoring "the king, except he would become catholic." And it is believed by wise men, that, in that treaty, somewhat was agreed to the prejudice of the protestant interest; and that, in a short time, there would have been much done against it both in France and Germany, if the measures they had there taken had not been shortly broken; chiefly by the surprising revolution in England, (which happened the next year,) and also by the death of the two great favourites of the two crowns, don Lewis de Haro and cardinal Mazarine; who both died not very long after it; the cardinal, probably, struck with the wonder, if not the agony of that undreamed of prosperity of our king's affairs; as if he had taken it ill, and laid it to heart, that God Almighty would bring such a work to pass in Europe without his concurrence, and even against all his machinations. © During the whole time of the treaty, Lockhart had been at Bayonne, and frequently consulted with the cardinal, and was by him brought to don Lewis twice or thrice, where they spoke of the mutual benefit that would redound to both, if a peace were settled between Spain and England. But the cardinal treated Lockhart (who was in all other occasions too hard |