Francis L. Haxison

THE

AMERICAN GARDENER'S

CALENDAR ;

ADAPTED

TO THE CLIMATES AND SEASONS

OF THE

UNITED STATES.

CONTAINING

A COMPLETE ACCOUNT OF ALL THE WORK NECESSARY TO BE

FOR EVERY MONTH IN THE YEAR;

WITH AMPLE PRACTICAL DIRECTIONS

FOR PERFORMING THE SAME.

ALSO,

General as well as minute instructions, for laying out, or erecting, each and every of the above departments, according to modern taste and the most approved plans; the ORNAMENTAL PLANTING OF PLEASURE-GROUNDS, in the ancient and modern stile; the cultivation of THORN-QUICKS and other plants suitable for LIVE HEDGES, with the best methods of making them, &c.

TO WHICH ARE ANNEXED,

Extensive CATALOGUES of the different kinds of plants, which may be cultivated either for use or ornament in the several departments, or in rural economy; divided into eighteen separate alphabetical classes, according to their habits, duration, and modes of culture; with explanatory introductions, marginal marks, and their true Linnæan or Botanical, as well as English names; together with a copious Index to the body of the work.

BY BERNARD M‘MAHON,

NURSERY, SEEDSMAN, AND FLORIST.

PHILADELPHIA:

PRINTED BY B. Graves, no. 40, NORTH FOURTH-STREET,

FOR THE AUTHOR.

1806.

DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA, TO WIT:

BE it remembered, That on the twenty eighth Day of January, in the thirtieth year of the Independence of the United States of America, A. D. 1806. Bernard M'Mahon, of the said District, hath deposited in this Office, the Title of a Book the Right whereof he claims as Author, in the words follwing, to wit: "The American Gardener's Calendar; adapted to the Climates "and seasons of the United States. Containing a complete "account of all the work necessary to be done in the Kitchen"Garden, Fruit-Garden, Orchard, Vineyard Nursery, Pleasure "Ground, Flower-Garden, Green-House, Hot-house, and Forcing "Frames, for every month in the year; with ample practical "directions for performing the same. Also, general as well as "minute instructions, for laying out, or erecting, each and every "of the above departments, according to modern taste and the "most approved plans; the Ornamental planting of Pleasure "Grounds, in the ancient and modern stile, the cultivation of "Thorn Quicks and other plants suitable for Live-Hedges, with "the best methods of making them, &c. To which are annexed "extensive Catalogues of the different kinds of plants, which may "be cultivated either for use or ornament in the several depart"ments, or in rural economy, divided into eighteen separate "Alphabetical classes, according to their habits, duration, and "modes of culture, with explanatory introductions, marginal "marks, and their true Linnæan or Botanical, as well as English "names; together with a copious Index to the body of the "work. By Bernard M'Mahon, Nursery, Seedsman, and Florist.” In Conformity to the Act of the Congress of the United States, intituled, "An Act for the Encouragement of Learning, by securing the Copies of Maps, Charts, and Books, to the Authors and Proprietors of such Copies during the times therein mentioned" And also to the Act, entitled "An act supplementary to an Act entitled, "An Act for the encouragement of Learning, by securing the Copies of Maps, Charts, and Books, to the Authors and Proprietors of such Copies during the Times therein mentioned," and extending the Benefits thereof to the Arts of designing, engraving, and etching historical and other Prints.” D. CALDWELL,

(L. S.)

Clerk of the district of Pennsylvania.

PREFACE.

THE general utility of HORTICULTURE, or the Art of improving every kind of soil; of producing a plentiful supply of wholesome vegetables and fruits, so necessary to health in all countries, especially in warm climates; of cultivating the various plants designed by INFINITE GOODNESS, to minister to the comforts of animal life, by correcting the divers maladies to which it is subject by nature, and still more so, in the human race, by intemperance; of raising many articles of luxury and commerce, as well as materials for ornamenting the whole face of the country; is too obvious, to render any arguments necessary in favour of an attempt to facilitate the general acquisition of that useful branch of knowledge; but more especially, in a country which has not yet made that rapid progress in Gardening, ornamental planting, and fanciful rural designs, which might naturally be expected from an intelligent, happy and independent people, possessed so universally of landed property, unoppressed by taxation or tithes, and blest with consequent comfort and affluence.

The neglect in these respects is, no doubt, to be attributed to variuos causes, among the most prominent of which, is the necessity of having reference for information on those subjects, to works published in foreign countries, and adapted to climates, by no means according with ours, either in the temperature or course of the seasons, and in numerous instances, differing materially in modes of culture, from those rendered necessary here, by the peculiarities of our climates, soils and situations. And however excellent and useful these works are in the regions to which they are adapted, they tend to mislead and disappoint the young American Horticulturist, instead of affording him that correct, judicious and suitable instruction, the happy result of which would give impulse to his perse

verance.

To obviate this necessity, as much as in my power, and to contribute my mite to the welfare of my fellow-citizens, and to the general improvement of the country, I have undertaken this work, and arranged the matter according to the seasons of the year; that the reader may have an easy reference to the particular busi