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sculptures of the temple of Medeenet Haboo, representing the triumphal return of Rameses III.; and of Osirei, at Karhak, after his conquest in the eastern war; where three captives are tied beneath the axle of his chariot, with their faces toward the ground, while others, bound with ropes, walk by the side of his horse, to be presented to the deity of the place. This fact would seem to confirm the statement of some authors, namely, that Sesostris is to be identified with Rameses III.

The latter days of Sesostris were embittered by the misfortune of losing his sight, which so affected him, that he put a period to his existence, an act foolishly regarded by the Egyptians as worthy of a pious and good man, and as becoming a hero admired of men and beloved by the gods, whose merited gifts of eternal happiness he had hastened to enjoy. How awful is this error! and how differently are mankind taught by the sublime doctrines of the Bible! They learn there that they should wait all their appointed days on earth till their change comes; that they should endure afflictions with patience, thereby possessing their souls; and that should they endure unto the end, being Christians in deed and in truth, they shall receive a crown of life. On the other hand, we discover that those who madly rush into the presence of their Maker, as Sesostris did, are lost for ever. It is no matter whether the act is committed by a hero, or by a hitherto pious and good man; the knell of hope is sounded by it, and he sinks for ever in remediless woes. The life of man is not his own. It is a sacred gift from the Creator of the universe, and we are bound to preserve it, till he requires it again. That man not only violates nature, but defies his Maker, who lays violent hands on himself. Reader, if you contrast the conduct of the patient Job with that of the rash Sesostris, you will discern the infinite superiority of the true over false religion!

The death of Sesostris occurred, according to Dr. Hales, about B.C. 1275, after a reign of thirty-three years.

PHERON.

Sesostris was succeeded in his kingdom by his son Pheron, the Sesoosis II. of Diodorus, and the Nuncoreus of Pliny. Pheron was the very reverse of his father: fond of ease and pleasure, he undertook no military expedition; and by his indolence, he even lost the remoter conquests which his father had gained. In his reign, the Assyrians are supposed to have shaken off the Egyptian yoke, and recovered their liberty.

Herodotus records only one action of this prince, and that carries with it the air of romance. He says, that in an extraordinary inundation of the Nile, which exceeded eighteen cubits, Pheron, being enraged at the wild havoc which it made, threw a javelin at the river, as if to chastise its insolence, thereby provoking the river god, who punished him for his impiety with the loss of sight.

Like his father, Pheron appears to have been affected by a weakness of the eyes, which terminated in total blindness; but though it continued during eleven years, he at length recovered, owing more probably to some operation

which the noted skill of the Egyptians had suggested, than to the cause assigned by Herodotus. Both Diodorus and Pliny agree with the historian of Halicarnassus, that he dedicated two obelisks in token of gratitude for the recovery of his sight.

Manetho and Africanus assign the long reign of sixty-one years to this prince.

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OSYMANDAS.

Diodorus describes a famous sepulchral temple, on the authority of Hecataeus, which he says was built by this monarch at Thebes, and which was the most magnificent of all the temples in Egypt. His description runs thus:Near the first sepulchres in the Theban Necropolis, where the pallacides of Jove are interred, stood the tomb of Osymandas. Its entrance was by a porch of variously coloured stone, two hundred feet in length, and forty-five in height. Behind this was a square portico, each side measuring four hundred feet; and instead of pillars, supported by representations of animals, sculptured in the antique fashion, and each sixteen cubits high. The ceiling, which was of compact masonry, covering the space between the outer walls and the columns, was upwards of twelve feet in breadth, and was ornamented with stars studded on an azure ground, like the firmament of heaven. At the upper end of this portico, was a second court, in every respect similar to the first, but enriched with a greater variety of sculptures. Close to the entrance, were three statues, all of one stone, the workmanship of Memnon of Syene. One of these was in a sitting posture, and the largest in all Egypt, its foot alone exceeding seven cubits in length. The other two were inferior in size, reaching only to its knees. These were attached in an upright position to the front of the throne, one on the right, the other on the left side, and they represented the daughter and mother of the king. This piece was not more admirable for the exquisite art of the carver, than for the dimensions and beauty of the stone, which was free from the least flaw or blemish. Upon it was this proud inscription :

"I AM OSYMANDAS, KING OF KINGS: IF ANY ONE WISHES TO KNOW WHAT A PRINCE I AM, AND WHERE I LIE, LET HIM EXCEL MY EXPLOITS.

She

"Near this was a statue of his mother, twenty cubits in height, and cut out of one stone. had three crowns on her head, purporting that she was the daughter, wife, and mother of a king. This court led to a second portico, far exceeding the first. On the wall of this, the king was represented waging a war in the country of the Bactrians, who had revolted from him, and against whom he led an army of 400,000 men, and 20,000 horse, in four divisions, each commanded by one of his sons. On the first wall, the king was seen besieging a fortress surrounded by a river, and contending in the foremost ranks with the enemy, accompanied by a lion, from whence some authors conclude, that he always fought with a tame lion at his side, and others, that the figure was emblematical of his courage. On the second wall, captives were

conducted without hands, and with other signs, | conjecture that the name which Diodorus thus purporting them to be men destitute of courage. wrote, was that of the monarch whom Manetho On the third, were a great variety of sculptures calls Sethos Rameses, or Rameses II., who was and paintings, indicating the sacrifices and tri- the father of Sesostris. The tomb of this moumph of the king. In the middle of this court narch was discovered by Belzoni, and it is cerwas an altar of very beautiful stone, admirable tain that he was a great warrior, as Diodorus refor its size and its workmanship. On the fourth lates. His exploits are recorded in the palace of side were two sitting statues, of a single block Karnac, and the Memnonium. each, measuring twenty-seven cubits in height. Near these courts were three passages, supported throughout by columns, and built in the manner of a theatre; these passages were 200 feet square. In this place were many wooden statues, representing persons engaged in law-suits, and the judges hearing the causes. These last, thirty in number, were carved on one side, with their president in the centre, at whose neck hung an image of Truth, with his eyes closed, and who was surrounded with many books. This signified that the duty of a judge was, to receive no bribe, and that he should only regard truth and equity. After this was a corridor, filled with numerous chambers, in which all kinds of viands most agreeable to the palate were introduced. Here the king was most curiously wrought, and painted in the most elegant colours. He was represented as presenting to the deity the gold and silver he annually received from the mines throughout Egypt, the amount whereof was 3,200 myriads of minae, or 96,000,000l. sterling. To these chambers, the sacred library succeeded, over which was inscribed, 'The balsam of the soul!' Contiguous to the library, were the images of all the Egyptian gods, to each of whom the monarch presented a suitable offering, in order that Osiris, and the rest of the deities placed beneath him, might know that he had passed his life with piety towards the gods, and with justice towards men. Adjacent to this library, was an edifice of remarkable architecture, elegantly fitted up with twenty couches, where the statues of Jupiter, Juno, and the king were placed, who was thought to be here entombed. Around this were several pavilions, in which were hung beautiful paintings of all the sacred animals of the country. From hence was the ascent to the sepulchre. Beyond this, and immediately over the sepulchre, was a golden planisphere, which was carried away by Cambyses, when the Persians invaded Egypt. This planisphere measured 365 cubits in circumference, and one in thickness; and it was divided and marked at every cubit with the days of the year, the rising and setting of the stars according to the natural revolutions, and the signs ascertained from them by Egyptian astrologers."

Diodorus does not fix the exact epoch at which Osymandas reigned in Egypt. This is a matter of great uncertainty, and scarcely two writers agree upon the subject. Mr. Wilkinson infers the identity of Osymandas and Ismandes and Mendes, and says, that in his reign the Bactrians, who had been subdued by Sesostris, rebelled, and threw off their allegiance to the Egyptians; thus placing Osymandas after Sesostris. Dr. Hales, on the contrary, identifies Osymandas with Sesostris, affirming that the particulars of the above description accurately correspond to Sesostris, and to no other king before or after. There are others, again, who, perhaps with more reason,

The reign of Rameses II. was conspicuous as the Augustan era of Egypt, when the arts attained a degree of perfection which no after age excelled, and the arms of Egypt were extended considerably farther into the heart of Asia than during the most successful invasions of his predecessors. In the fourth year of his reign, he had already waged a successful war against several distant nations. His march lay along the coast of Palestine, and the record of that event is still preserved on the rocks of the Lycus, near Beiroot, where his name and figure present the singular circumstance of a Pharaonic monument without the confines of Egypt. That the Egyptians extended their dominions far beyond the valley of the Nile, is proved by the monuments and the sacred writings. Some of their northern possessions were retained until Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, took from Pharaohnechoh all that belonged to him, "from the river of Egypt unto the river Euphrates," 2 Kings xxiv. 7. M. Champollion supposes that the people over whom Rameses II. triumphed, were the Scythians, and the hieroglyphics admit of such a reading. The dress, appearance, as well as the name of his enemies, shows them to have been inhabitants of Central Asia. These hieroglyphics indicate that they were skilful in the art of war, and that they possessed strong towns, and a country traversed by a large river. Their mode of fortifying their towns, the double fosses that surrounded their walls, their bridges over them, and their mode of drawing up the phalanxes of infantry, suggest a considerable progress in civilization and the art of war. Their offensive and defensive arms consisted of spears and swords, helmets, shields, and coats of mail. They possessed two-horsed chariots, which contained each three men, thus forming a well constituted and powerful body of troops. Some fought on horses, which they guided by a bridle, without saddles; but the far greater part fought in cars, all of which is indicative of an Asiatic people.

PROTEUS.

Proteus, whose Coptic name was Cetes, which Suidas says, signified a manifold sea monster, sometimes a lion, a panther, a toad, a whale, etc., very difficult to be overcome, was a Memphite.

It was the name of this monarch that gave rise to the Grecian fable of Proteus, as described by Homer, (Odyss. iv. 414-460,) and Virgil, (Georg. iv. 388-450.) Diodorus explains the fable, (for which we refer the reader to the pages of these poets,) as arising from a custom among the Egyptian kings of wearing on their heads, as emblems of sovereignty, the figures of bulls, lions, and dragons, fire, branches of trees, with frankincense, and prefumes, not only to adorn themselves, but to strike awe and terror into the hearts of their subjects.

This explanation, however, is questioned by some, from the circumstance of the head dresses of the kings being represented in the sculptures when offering to the gods, both numerous and varied in their forms.

The shrine of Proteus was still visible at Memphis in the time of Herodotus. It stood on the south of the temple of Vulcan, (the god of the ancients, who presided over fire, and who was the patron of all artists who worked in iron and metals,) and was magnificently ornamented. The Phenicians of Tyre who had settled in Egypt lived in its vicinity when Herodotus visited the country, and the whole of the environs thence obtained the name of the Tyrian camp. There was also in the same spot a small temple dedicated to Venus, the stranger, a goddess who was conjectured by Herodotus to be the Grecian Helen, who was said to have lived some time at the court of Proteus. This author says, that the priests of Egypt gave him the subjoined information concerning this heroine :-" Paris, having carried off Helen from Sparta, was returning home, when contrary winds arising in the Ægean, he was driven into the Egyptian sea. The winds continuing unfavourable, he proceeded to Egypt, and putting into the Canopic mouth of the Nile, landed at the Tarichæa, or the salt pans, near a temple of Hercules. If, at any time, a slave fled for refuge to this shrine, and submitted to be marked with certain characters, in testimony of consecrating himself to the service of the deity, no one was permitted to molest him, The servants of Paris were aware of this privilege, and fleeing from their master, with a view of injuring him, became suppliants to the deity. They revealed the secret concerning Helen, and the wrong he had done to Menelaus, not only to the priests, but also to Thonis, governor of that mouth of the river.

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"Thonis despatched a courier to Proteus at Memphis, with this message: A Trojan is arrived here, who has committed an atrocious crime in Greece. Not only has he seduced the wife of his host, but he has carried her away with his treasures. Contrary winds have brought him hither: shall I permit his departure, or seize his person and property?' Proteus commanded, that whoever the man was who had thus violated the rights of hospitality, he should be brought before him. Paris, with Helen, and all his treasures, were, therefore, sent to Memphis. Proteus inquired who he was, and from whence he came ? The delinquent related the name of his family and country, and from what place he had set sail; but when he was questioned concerning Helen, he equivocated, and endeavoured to conceal the truth, till the slaves who had deserted him were confronted with him, and explained all the circumstances of his guilt. Proteus, therefore, pronounced this sentence: If I did not consider it a great crime to put a stranger to death, who has been driven on my coast by contrary winds, I would, thou worst of men, avenge the Greek whose hospitality thou hast abused in so treacherous a manner. Thou hast seduced his wife, and, not contented with this, thou hast stolen her away, and still detainest her; and, to complete the crime, thou hast robbed his house. But, as I consider it not right to put

a stranger to death, I suffer thee to depart. This woman, however, and the wealth thou hast brought, I forbid thee to take. These shall remain with me till the Greek demands them in person. In three days leave the coasts of Egypt with thy companions, or expect death.'

"Helen was detained by Proteus till the arrival of Menelaus, who finding, when Troy was taken, that Helen was in Egypt, repaired to the court of the Egyptian monarch. On his arrival, he related the object of his journey. He was received with the rites of hospitality, and Helen, who had been treated respectfully, was restored to him, with all his treasures. He then returned to the coast, intending to return to Greece immediately; but the winds were contrary; and Menelaus, unmindful of the favours he had received, clandestinely seized two children, and offered them as a sacrifice. This was no sooner made public, than the Egyptians resolved to punish the perpetrator of this gross outrage. But, as he fled by sea into Africa, they were unable to overtake him, and Menelaus thereby escaped their indignation, and the punishment he deserved." Thus history demolishes much of the Homeric fable.

Proteus is said to have founded the city of Memphis, the metropolis of Lower Egypt.* He reigned about fifty years, during which time the country is supposed to have enjoyed peace and prosperity. He is the last of the Egyptian monarchs whose history is connected with that of the heroic age.

RHAMPSINITUS.

This monarch is not distinguished for the extent of his conquests; but he surpassed all his predecessors in wealth, and in his fondness for riches. Diodorus says, that he was so avaricious, that he would not employ any of the treasures he had amassed, either for the service of the gods, or the benefit of his subjects. The monuments, however, which he erected at Memphis, disprove this statement, and claim for him a place among the patrons of his religion, and the encouragers of art. According to Herodotus, he added the western vestibule to the temple of Vulcan, and adorned it with two colossal statues, twenty-five cubits high. The same author relates a romantic tale concerning an artful and daring robbery committed on his treasury, and of the singular expedient which he employed to discover the robber; but the details deserve no mention in these pages.

Rhampsinitus is supposed to have been the patron of the Eleusinian mysteries, which were first instituted in Egypt, and which were designed to maintain the immortality of the soul and a future judgment after death, by the infernal deities Ceres and Bacchus. This supposition is founded on another romantic tale, which states that Rhampsinitus descended into the infernal regions, and played at dice with the goddess Ceres, and alternately won and lost. The Eleusinian mysteries, which were an alle

The reader will observe, that the founding of Memphis is ascribed by ancient historians to two monarchs of different ages, namely, to Menes and Proteus. It is probable that Menes founded it, and that it was enlarged by Proteus.

gory kept secret from the multitude in all ages, and of which nothing is known, passed from Egypt into Greece. Why they were kept secret, we are told by Synesius. "The ignorance of the mysteries," he says, "preserves their veneration: for which reason they are entrusted only to the cover of the night.' Clemens Alexandrinus, also, says, that the veil or mist through which things are only permitted to be seen, renders the truths contained under it more venerable and majestic. The learned Varro, moreover, in a fragment of his book, "Of Religions," preserved by St. Augustin, relates, that there were many truths which it was inconvenient for the state to be generally known; and many things which, though false, it was expedient the people should believe; and that, therefore, the Greeks shut up their mysteries in the silence of their sacred enclosures.

How different from all this is the promulgation of the doctrines of the Bible among mankind. By a stated ministry, charged to declare the whole counsel of God, we are taught the precious truths contained therein; and, if the meaning of any passage appears hidden from sight, we are encouraged to ask of God, and he, by his Holy Spirit, will guide us "into all truth." Truly these are proofs of the Divine origin and authority of the Holy Scriptures.

Till the reign of Rhampsinitus, Egypt was remarkable for its excellent laws, its strict justice, and moderation; but, according to Herodotus, in the two next reigns, oppression and cruelty usurped their place.

CHEOPS.

On the authority of the Egyptian priests, it is stated by Herodotus, that this prince was the builder of the first pyramid, and that he shut up the temples, and prohibited the national sacrifices. This it is not probable a native king would either desire or dare to do; and, therefore, the report may have been made, as is supposed by some, to conceal the disgrace of their former slavery and oppression under the shepherd kings, and to enhance the power and grandeur of their native kings. It would appear, however, that Cheops disregarded justice, and bare an iron rule compared with his predecessors.

According to Dr. Hales, Cheops was the father of that princess of Egypt whom Solomon, king of Israel, married. See 1 Kings iii. 1. If such was the case, Cheops was a warlike prince; for it is recorded of him in the sacred writings, under the name of Pharaoh, that he took Gezer, and burned it with fire, and slew the Canaanites that dwelt in the city, and gave it for a present unto his daughter, Solomon's wife, 1 Kings ix. 16. It

is not recorded how the king of Egypt came to be engaged in this undertaking: perhaps he had a quarrel of his own with the inhabitants of Gezer; or, his son-in-law, Solomon, who did not himself engage in any military undertaking, might have requested him to render him this service. By this king, also, Solomon was supplied with horses, chariots, etc., out of Egypt, 1 Kings x. 28, 29.

But it must not be forgotten, that the placing of Cheops, by Herodotus and chronologers, after

the Trojan war, is considered by some to be a gross anachronism. Manetho places him among the earliest of the Pharaohs, under the name of Suphis, and the monuments would seem to testify that he is correct. Be this as it may, Cheops, it would appear, reigned fifty years, and was succeeded by

CEPHRENES,

his brother, who, by the same ancient writer, Herodotus, and on the same authority, the priests, is said to have built the second pyramid, and to have adopted the policy of his predecessor. Of this pyramid, Herodotus remarks, that this had no subterraneous chambers, nor any channel for the admission of the Nile, like the former, near which it stood; from which it would appear that the first was a water temple.

Most writers of ancient history, as stated in the article Sesostris, have identified that restless conqueror with the Sesac or Shishak* of Scripture; but Dr. Russel, in the third volume of his "Connexion," and Dr. Hales, in his " Analysis of Chronology," have shown that Sesostris lived anterior to this event. The latter writer, who identifies Cephrenes with Shishak, says, "The reign of Cephrenes, so late as B.c. 1032, is corrected from a rectification of Syncellus's Catalogue, explained before. This date, combined with his long reign of fifty-six years, according to Herodotus, intimates, that he could be no other than the Sesac, or Shishak of Scripture, now, for the first time, determined in the present system of chronology, after having been so long misunderstood, from the days of Josephus to those of Marsham and Newton."

One circumstance, namely, that Herodotus did not identify Sesostris with Shishak, is greatly in favour of this conclusion; but there is a great degree of uncertainty in the identification of Cephrenes with Shishak, inasmuch as Manetho places him, like Cheops, among the earliest of the Pharaohs. Without, therefore, identifying Shishak with either Sesostris or Cephrenes, here may be presented to the reader what is found in the sacred page concerning that monarch, under his scripture name of

SHISHAK.

It is said, 2 Chron. xii. 2-12, "And it came to pass, that in the fifth year of king Rehoboam Shishak king of Egypt came up against Jerusalem, because they had transgressed against the Lord, with twelve hundred chariots, and threescore thousand horsemen : and the people were without number that came with him out of Egypt; the Lubims," (probably the Libyans,) "the Sukkiims, and the Ethiopians. And he took the fenced cities which pertained to Judah, and came to Jerusalem. Then came Shemaiah the prophet to Rehoboam, and to the princes of Judah, that were gathered together at Jerusalem because of Shishak, and said unto them, Thus saith the Lord, Ye have forsaken me, and therefore have

The word Shishak means a hard drinker, and is equivalent to his other title, Bacchus, a bottle companion; titles which were considered by the ancients as very honourable. To be able to drink more wine than other men, was considered by them as part of the character of a hero.

I also left you in the hands of Shishak. Whereupon the princes of Israel and the king humbled themselves; and they said, The Lord is righteous. And when the Lord saw that they humbled themselves, the word of the Lord came to Shemaiah, saying, They have humbled themselves; therefore I will not destroy them, but I will grant them some deliverance; and my wrath shall not be poured out upon Jerusalem by the hand of Shishak. Nevertheless they shall be his servants; that they may know my service, and the service of the kingdoms of the countries. So Shishak king of Egypt came up against Jerusalem, and took away the treasures of the house of the Lord, and the treasures of the king's house; he took all he carried away also the shields of gold which Solomon had made. Instead of which king Rehoboam made shields of brass, and committed them to the hands of the chief of the guard, that kept the entrance of the king's house. And when the king entered into the house of the Lord, the guard came and fetched them, and brought them again into the guard chamber. And when he humbled himself, the wrath of the Lord turned from him, that he would not destroy him altogether: and also in Judah things went well." See also 1 Kings xiv.

25-28.

It is thought by some, that the invasion of Judah by Shishak was at the instigation of Jeroboam, who had previously resided at the Egyptian monarch's court, and had married his daughter. It is probable, that this first king of Israel was immediately connected with the transaction; for the ten tribes over whom he reigned were in alliance with Shishak, and, at this date, in determined hostility towards the tribes of Judah and Benjamin, as appears from 1 Kings xii. The interest and security, therefore, of Jeroboam, seemed to require that the king of Judah, his rival, should be humbled by a foreign and superior power. The chastisement, however, as intimated by the sacred writer, came from the hands of the Almighty; and the narrative shows how jealous the Lord is of his own honour; how merciful he is to the repentant, and how kind in warning the creatures of his hands against straying from his fold. His design was, to restore Judah from the error of their ways; that effected, his anger ceased, and the Egyptians returned to their own land.

It may be mentioned, that the Shishak of Scripture is identified by Champollion and others with Sesonchis, according to Manetho, and Sheshonk, according to the Phonetic signs. The latter name, with the title, confirmed by Ammon, appears on one of the columns of the first grand peristyle in the palace of Karnac. Among the sculptured ornaments of this palace, the personage thus named is represented as dragging to the feet of his gods the chiefs of thirty conquered nations; and it is remarkable, that there is one whose distinguishing hieroglyphic inscription is equivalent in Phonetic value to Jouda-ha-melek, meaning the king of the Jews, or of Judah. The names of the kingdom of Judah, and of several towns on the Egyptian frontier of Judah, Megiddo, Beth-horon, etc., occur in the list of his conquests. It may be inefrred, therefore, that the triumphant scene commemorates, among

many others, that recorded in the sacred writings, and as such it is highly interesting.

MYCERINUS.

This monarch is represented as the son of Cheops, and, therefore, advanced in years when he ascended the throne. Mycerinus was reckoned the builder of the third pyramid, which is represented by Herodotus as superior to the others in costliness of materials and excellence of workmanship, though inferior in size. But this structure could not possibly have been built within so short a period, which is a proof of the fallacy of the statements made by the priests of Egypt concerning the pyramids, and the monarchs during this period. Of Mycerinus they have reported that his character was the reverse of that of his father. So far from walking in his steps, he detested his conduct, and pursued opposite measures. He again opened the temples of the gods, restored the sacrifices, and did all that lay in his power to comfort his subjects, and make them forget their past miseries. He believed himself set over them for no other purpose but to exercise justice, and to administer to them the blessings of an equitable and peaceful administration. He heard their complaints, dried their tears, alleviated their misery, and considered himself the father of his people. This conduct procured for him the love and esteem of all his subjects; Egypt, it is said, resounded with his praises, and his name commanded veneration in distant lands.

This prudent and humane conduct did not exempt Mycerinus from calamity. Herodotus says, that his misfortunes commenced with the death of a beloved and only daughter, in whom his chief felicity consisted. He ordered extraordinary honours to be paid to her memory, which were continued in this historian's days; for he states, that in the city of Sais, exquisite odours were burned in the day time at the tomb of the princess, and that during the night a lamp was kept constantly burning. Her body is said to have been enclosed in a heifer, made of wood, and richly ornamented with gold.

After this, Mycerinus met with another calamity. He was informed by the oracle of Buto that his reign would continue but seven years, and upon complaining of this to the gods, and inquiring the reason why so long and prosperous a reign had been granted both to his uncle and father, who were equally cruel and impious, whilst his own, which he had endeavoured to render equitable and mild, should be so short and unhappy? he was answered, that these were the causes of it; it being the will of the gods to afflict Egypt during the space of one hundred and fifty years, as a punishment for its crimes; and that his reign, which was to have been, like those of the preceding monarchs, of fifty years' continuance, was shortened on account of his overmuch lenity. But all this bears upon the face of it the stamp of fiction; for Mycerinus being an aged man when he ascended the throne of Egypt, it could | not be supposed, that, in the common course of nature, he should reign as long as Cheops or Cephrenes. It is probable that Mycerinus reigned about ten years.

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