The Biblical companion, or, An introduction to the reading and study of the holy Scriptures

Crown, a, symbol of, 621.

Crucifixion, a Hebrew punishment, 395.
Cup, a, symbol of, 621.

Cursing of parents, its punishment under the law, 390.
Cyaxares, king of Media, 437.

Cycles of time, 339; of the sun, moon, and epacts, ibid.
Cyrene, a province of Lybia Pentapolitana, 494.
Cyrus, king of Persia, 437.

Damascus, a city of Syria, 495.

Daniel, the prophet, his early history, 167; his pro-
phecies, 168; his style and inspiration, ibid.;
analysis of his book, 169.

Darius, king of Persia, 438.

Darkening of the sun, symbolical import of, 640.
Darkness, symbol of, 621.

Day, a, symbolical import of the term, 621.

Days of the ancient Hebrews, 336.

Dead, treatment of the, by the Hebrews, 589.
Dead Sea, the, 417.

Death, symbolical import of the term, 621.
Debtors, process against, under the law, 391.

Clothing, materials used for, by the Hebrews, 575; Debts, proceedings to recover, under the Mosaic law,

various kinds of, ibid.

Cloud, a, symbol of, 620.

Cnidus, a city of Caria, 493.

Coa, a place mentioned in Scripture, ibid.

Cocceian School of Hebrew philology, the, 10.

Coffins, not common in the East, 590.

ibid.

Decapolis, a district of Canaan, 495.

Dedan, a city mentioned in Scripture, 496.
Dedication, the feast of, 303.

Demoniacs mentioned in Scripture, 496.
Desert, a, symbol of, 622.

Collations of the Hebrew text, by Kennicott and Deserts of Palestine, 423.

others, 14.

Colosse, a city of Phrygia, 493.

Colossians, Paul's Epistle to them, 220; its date and
purpose, 221.

Combat, allusions to that of the Grecian games, in
the New Testament, 607.
Commonwealth, the Hebrew, 383.

Commentators, on the uses of, 50; danger of relying
too exclusively upon them, 51.
Commerce, coeval with society, 598; mode of carry-
ing it on, in the East, ibid.; extensive amongst the
Phoenicians, ibid., and Arabians, 599; Solomon ex-
tended it amongst the Hebrews, ibid.; introduction
of the use of money, 600.

Common Reference, a mode of composition to be
found in the Bible, 85.

Conquering Army, the return of one, 406.

Constantinopolitan Era, the, 339.

Design and scope of a writer to be attended to, 86;
modes of discovering it, 87.

Derbe, a city of Lycaonia, 496.

De Rossi, his labours on the Hebrew Bible, 15.
Deuteronomy, the Book of, 135.
Dew, symbolical import of, 622.

Dibon, the name of several cities, 496.
Difficulties, those in the Bible examined,
Discrepancies in the Bible militate against the theory
of plenary inspiration, 248.
Diseases, various kinds mentioned in Scripture, 561.
mode of treating in Egypt and Palestine,

ibid.

Disgrace, marks of, mentioned in the Bible, 598.
Divination and incantation capital crimes under the
law, 389.

Divisions and arrangements of the Scriptures, 45.
Divorce, allowed by Moses, 583.

Context, the, of a passage to be attended to, 91; Dor, the capital of a district in Canaan, 496.

rules for consulting it, 92.

Coos, an island of the Archipelago, 493.
Corinth, a city of Greece, ibid.

Corinthians, First Epistle to the, 209; the occasion
and object of, ibid.

Second Epistle to them, 211; the occa-
sion and contents of it, 212.

Corn, scripture references to, and the modes of pre-
paring it, 536.

Corruptions of the sacred text, 12.

Coup de soleil, described, 425.

Courts of the temple described, 309.

of eastern houses described, 553.

Covenant, the new, 45.

Coverdale's edition of the English Bible, 40.
Cranmer's Bible, ibid.

Creatures, living, symbols of, 620.

Crete, an island in the Mediterranean, 446, 494.
Credibility of the New Testament, 265.
Crimes, punishment of under the law, 388.
Criminal Law, the Hebrew, ibid.
Criticism, biblical, state of, in the middle ages, 1.
object and laws of, 3.

, character of works pertaining to, 2.

Cross, death by the, 394.

Eagle, an, symbols of, 622.

Early-rising the practice of the Orientals, 594.
Ear-rings worn in the East, 579.

Earth, the, its original formation and subsequent
changes, 533.

symbolical import of the phrase, 622.
Earthquake, symbolical import of the phrase, ibid.
Easter, cycle of, 339.

Eat, to, symbolical import of the phrase, 623.
Eating, mode of, amongst the Orientals, 595.
Ecbatana, the ancient capital of Media, 496.
Ecclesiastes, the Book of, 153.
Eclipses, the theory of, probably unknown to the
ancient Hebrews, 530.

Ekron, a city of Philistia, 497.

Elah, the Vale of, 423.

Elam, the ancient name of Persia, 437.

Elath, a city of Edom, 497.
Elders, Jewish, 286.

-, symbol of, 623.

Eleutheropolis, a city of Judea, 497.
Election, Jewish notion of, 214.

Embalming the dead, practised by the Hebrews, 589.
Emmaus, a village of Judæa, 497.
Emphasis, rules for detecting, 95.

Esarhaddon, or Sargon, a king of Assyria, 431, 434.
Encampment of the Hebrews, 405.
Endor, a city of Manasseh, 497.

Engedi, a city in the south of Judea, 498.

English Versions of the Bible, history and character
of, 39.

Engraving, an art well known in the time of Moses,

551.

Erech, a city of Chaldea, 498.

Esdraelon, the plain of, 423.

Espousals, as performed amongst the ancient He-

brews, 580.

Essenes, the, 284.

Esther, the Book of, 141.

Ethiopia, description of, 456.

Flood, a, symbolical import of the phrase, 624.
Food, description of that used by the Hebrews, 593.
Forehead, the, symbolical import of the phrase, 624.
Fornication, symbolical import of the phrase, 624.
Forsterian school of Hebrew philology, 9.
Fountain, a, symbol of, 624.
Fowl, symbols of, 617, 624.
Fox, a, symbol of, 624.

Funeral rites, those of the Hebrews described, 589;
entertainments, 591.

Furnace, a, symbolical import of the phrase, 824.
Furniture of eastern houses, 557.

Future state, Jewish notions of a, 592.

Gadara, a city of the Decapolis, 499.
Galatia, a province of Asia Minor, ibid.
Galatians, Epistle to the, 204.
Galilee, description of, 413.

- the Sea of, 416.

Gamala, a town in the Gaulanitis, 499.

Games, the Olympic, allusions to them in the New
Testament, 604.

Garments, various kinds of, 576.

white, symbol of, 624.
Gates of Jerusalem described, 507.
Gath, a city of Philistia, 499.
Gaza, a city of Philistia, ibid.
Geba, or Gibeah, a city of Judah, 500.
Gehenna, the valley of, ibid.
Genesis, the Book of, 133.

Gentiles, court of the, in Solomon's temple, 309
symbolical import of the phrase, 624.
Genuineness of the biblical books, 254; external
evidence of, 255; internal evidence of, 258.
Geography, a knowledge of it indispensable to the
interpreter, 66, 409.

the science of, not much studied by the
Hebrews, 574.

of the Scriptures, 409.

Geology, importance of the science, 532; various
theories of the earth, 533; the discoveries of, con-
firmatory of sacred history, 534; terms of, used in
the Bible, 535.

Eucharistic offerings, various kinds prescribed by the Gerasa, a city of the Decapolis, 500.

law, 329.

Euphrates, the, a river of Armenia, 498.

-, employed as a symbol, 636.

Euthalian divisions of the Greek Testament, 47.
Evangelical history, analysis of, 188.
Evil-Merodach, king of Babylon, 435.

Exchange, media of, used by the Hebrews, 408.
Exegesis, or interpretation, 70.

Exodus, the, illustrated, 587.

the Book of, 133.

Gerizim, a mountain in Ephraim, 501.

Gesenius on the Various Readings in the Samaritan
Pentateuch, 18.

Gethsemane, a village near Jerusalem, 501.

Gibeah, a city of Benjamin, ibid.

Gibeon, a city given to Benjamin, ibid.

Gilboa, a ridge of mountains near the river Jordan,
ibid.

Gilead, a mountainous district of Judea, ibid.
the mountains of, 422.

Expiation, the feast of, 300; its typical character, 301. Gilgal, a place near Jericho, 502.
Eye, an, symbol of, 623.

Eyes, mode of colouring them, 578.

Ezekiel, the prophet, his birth, &c., 169; his pro-
phecies, 170; his style, ibid.; analysis of his pro-
phecies, ibid.

Ezion-Gaber, a city of Arabia Deserta, 499.
Ezra, the Book of, 141.

Face, symbolical import of the phrase, 623.
Fat, symbolical import of the phrase, ibid.
Fertility of Palestine, 537.

Festivals, Jewish, described, 293.

Fire, symbolical import of the phrase, 623.
First-fruits, offered under the law, 330.
Firstlings offered under the law, 329.
Fir-trees, symbols of, 642.

Fish, mentioned in Scripture, 544.

Flesh, import of the phrase, 623.

Girdle, a, symbolical import of the phrase, 624.
Gnostics, the, their heresy refuted by the evangelist
John, 185.

Gold, symbolical import of the phrase, 624.
Gospels, the, their character as historical records, 173;
proofs of their having been written by the persons
whose names they bear, ibid.; spurious ones, in
the apostolic age, 174; the origin of the three
first gospels, ibid.; four separate and independent
witnesses to the same transactions, 175; analysis
and chronology of, 188.

Government, forms of, mentioned in Scripture, 382.
Gozan, a river of Media, 502.
Gradational parallelisms, 81.

Grammars and Lexicons, Hebrew and Greek, 64.
Grammatical knowledge indispensable in the interpre
tation of the Bible, 63.

Grass, symbolical import of the phrase 625.

Grecian games, the allusions to them in the New
Testament, 604.

Graves, manner of preserving by the Hebrews, 591.
Greece, description and history of, 442.
Greek, the original language of the New Testament,
4; prevalence of, in the times of the apostles, 5,
7, note; necessity of a knowledge of it, to an
interpreter of the Bible, 64.

Greek New Testament, the, history of its text, 25;
principal editions of, 26.

Greek Versions of the Old Testament, 20.
Greek Grammars and Lexicons, 65.

Griesbach, his labours on the sacred text, and his value
as a critic, 26, 35; his classification of MSS., 37.
Groves, consecration of, to idolatrous purposes, 537.

Habakkuk, the Book of, 167.

Haggai, character and style of his prophecies, 171.
Hair, mode of wearing in the East, 578.
symbolical import of, 625.

Hail, symbolical import of, ibid.
Halah, a city of Media, 502.
Hamath, a city of Syria, ibid.

Hand, symbolical import of the, 625.
Haran, a city of Mesopotamia, 502.
Harlot, a, symbol of, 615, 625.
Harmony of the gospels, 188.
law, 398.

Harp, the, various kinds of, used by the ancients,
558.

Harvest, regulations for the, in Palestine, 569.
symbol of the, 625.

Head, the, symbolical use of, 625.
Heads of courses and houses, 318.

Healing, the art of, state of, amongst the Egyptians
and the Hebrews, 560.

Heat, symbolical use of the word, 626.
Heaven, symbolical import of the phrase, 626.
Hebraic-Greek, style of the New Testament, 5.
Hebrew, the original language of the Old Testament,
4; origin of its appellation, 6; antiquity of, 7, 8;
a knowledge of, indispensable to the right under-
standing of the Bible, 63.

philology, schools of, 8.

Grammars and Lexicons, 64.
Bible. See BIBLE.

Hebrews, Paul's Epistle to the, 223; language in
which it was written, 4, 5, note, 244; its author,
ibid.; its object, 225; its importance, ibid.
Hebron, a city of Canaan, 502.

Herbaceous productions mentioned in Scripture, 536.
Hermeneutics, sacred, an important branch of theo-
logical study, 49, 70.

Hermon, mount, 421, 503.

Herodian or Idumæan princes, 381.

Ichthyology of the Bible, 544.

Idolatry, the ceremonial law intended to keep the
Hebrews from, 290.

a capital crime amongst the Hebrews, 388.
Idumæa, description of, 415, 504.

Illyricum, a province near Macedonia, 445, 512.
Imagery, poetic, employed in the sacred writings.
108; sources of, 109.

Incantation of serpents, 545.

Incense, oblations of, 331.

-, symbolical import of the phrase, 627.
Insects mentioned in Scripture, 546.
Inspiration of the Scriptures, 244; various theories
of, 245; its extent and character, 247.
Integrity or purity of the sacred text, 269.
Institutions, sacred, account of, 279.
Interpretation, biblical, revival of, in the seventeenth
century, 1, 541.

object of, 3, 49, 70; diffi-
culties connected with it, 49; moral qualifications
for, 57; by whom undertaken amongst the ancient
Hebrews, 53; allegorical mode of, deprecated, ibid.,
state of, during the middle ages, 54; writers on,
56; literary requisites of, 63; usual methods of
treating it, 71.

Introverted parallelism, the, 83.

Iron, symbolical import of the phrase, 628.
Isaiah, the Book of, 161; arrangement of his pro-
phecies, 162.

Islands, or Isles, import of the phrase, in Scripture,

512.

the court of, in the temple, 310.

the land of, accounted sacred by the Jews, 303,

Italy, description and history of, 445.

Jabbok, a brook east of the Jordan, 504.
Jabesh, a city of Manasseh, 504.

Herod's temple distinct from that of Zerubbabel, 307, James, the Epistle of, 227; its character, object, and

note; description of, 311.

Heshbon, a city of the Ammonites, 503.
Hierapolis, a city of Phrygia, 503.

High-priest, the Jewish, his qualifications and func-
tions, 315; his consecration and dress, 316; his
duties and typical character, 317.

Hills, symbolical import of the phrase, 626, 633.
Hinnom, valley of, 422.

Historians, character of the sacred, 333.
Historical circumstances, a knowledge of, indispen-
sable to the interpreter, 65.

Historical books of the Old Testament, the, 136.
History, sacred, the highest source of historical know-
ledge, 333; its importance, 334; fidelity of its
writers, ibid.; its peculiarities, 335.

Holy Land, the, accounted sacred by the Hebrews,
303.

Homicide, forbidden by the law, 389.`

style, 228.

Jezreel, a city of Issachar, 511.
Job, the Book of, 149; period of the events recorded
in it, ibid.; scope and moral of, ibid.; doctrines
developed in, 150; objections to its divisions into
chapters and verses, 151; Mr. Good's arrange-
ment of, ibid.

Joel, the Book of, 162.

John, the evangelist, 183; an eye-witness of the
facts he records, ibid.; design of his gospel, ibid.;
purpose for which he wrote, 184; analysis of his
gospel, 185; his style, 187.

the first epistle of, 233; its date, ibid.; the
travels of, 235; character and style of his epistle,
237; synopsis of, ibid.

second and third epistles of, 238.

Jonah, the Book of, 159.
Joppa, a city of Syria, 512.

Jordan, the river, 415.

Joshua, the Book of, 137; importance of, ibid.
Jubilee, the, 301; its design and typical character,

302.

Judaism, corrupt, 282.

Judæa, or the Holy Land, its various names, 409;
its situation and limits, 410; its population, 411;
inhabitants, ibid.; divisions of the land, ibid.;
face of the country, 415; its atmosphere and other
phenomena, 423; its fertility, 426, 567; natural
history of, 529; villages of, 552; agriculture in,
567; vineyards of, 570.

Jude, the Epistle of, 232; canonical authority, date,
and design, 233.

Judges, Hebrew, their independence and integrity,

384.

Malta, or Melita, 514.

Matthew's Gospel, original language of, 4, 176.
Mamre, the valley of, 423.

Man, structure and functions of, 540; his biblical
designations, ibid.; the seat of life, ibid.; anatomy
541; his intellectual constitution, ibid.; complica
tion of his mental faculties, 542.

-, a, symbol of the phrase, 629.
Man-stealing, its punishment under the law, 390.
Manna, symbolical import of the phrase, 629.
Mark, a, symbol of, ibid.

of the beast, ibid.

Labours of the Jewish literati upon the Hebrew Matthew, the evangelist, a disciple of Christ, 175;

text, 12.

Lamb, a symbol of, 628.

Lamentation for the dead, 590.

Lamentations of Jeremiah, the, 167.
Lamp, a symbol of, 628.

Lampstand, or Candlestick, symbolical import of,

his gospel written the first in order, 176; the lan-
guage in which he wrote, ibid.; addressed himself
especially to the Jews, ibid.; the structure of his
gospel, 177; its completeness, 178.

Meals, times of taking, in the East, 594; mode of
taking, 595.

Measures of capacity, length and weight used by
the Hebrews, 601.

Meat-offerings, description of, 330; various kinds
prescribed by the law, 331.
Media, history of, 436.

Medicine, state of the art of, amongst the Hebrews
560.

Melita, or Malta, an island in the Mediterranean
447.

Merodach-Baladan, a king of Babylon, 434.
Merom, the waters of, 514,

Mesopotamia, description of 436, 515.

Metals, use of, as an instrument of exchange, 600,
Meteorology, not much cultivated by the Hebrews

531.

Metre, Hebrew, various theories of, 101.

Micah, the Book of, 162.

Middle ages, state of biblical literature in, 1.
Miletus, a city of Ionia, 515.

Military affairs of the Hebrews, 401; exemptions
from service, ibid.

honours, 407.

Milk, a common article of food in eastern countries,

594.

Mill, Dr., his edition of the New Testament, 26.
Ministers of the Jewish sanctuary, 315.

Miracles, Hume's reasoning upon them refuted, 266;
an evidence of revelation, 270.

Mirage, the, description of, 425.

Olympiads, the, 340.

Olympic Games, the, allusions to them in the New
Testament, 604.

Omar, the mosque of, in Jerusalem, 509.
On, or Heliopolis, a city of Egypt, 517.
Ophir, a country mentioned in the Bible, 517.
Origen, his labours on the Septuagint, 21.
Original languages of Scripture, 4.
Ornaments, personal, 580.

Painting, not cultivated by the Hebrews, 552.
Paley's Hora Paulina noticed, 268.
Palm-branches, symbolical use of, 634.

Monarchs, preparations made for the journeyings of Palmyra, a city of Syria, 523.

those in the East, 589.

Money, superseded barter, 600.

used by the Hebrews, 408.

Moon, cycle of the, 339.

the symbolical use of, 632.

Months of the Hebrews, 337.

Month, symbolical import of the phrase, 633

Moral qualifications necessary for the interpretation
of the Scriptures, 57.

Morning star, the symbol of, 639.

Mother, symbolical import of the phrase, 633.
Mountain, a symbolical use of, ibid.
Mountains of Palestine, 419.
Mourning for the dead, 590.

Murder, its punishment under the law, 389.
Music, antiquity of the art of, 558; civil and sacred,
ibid.; instruments of, mentioned in the Bible;
ibid.

Mysia, a province of Asia Minor, 515.
Mystical sense of Scripture, 127.

Nabonassar, a king of Babylon, 434.
Nabopolassar, a king of Babylon, 435.
Nahum, the Book of, 163.

Nain, a town near Scythopolis, 515.
Nakedness, import of this phrase, 634.
Natural History, a knowledge of it, indispensable to
interpreters, 66.

of the Bible, description of, 529.

Natural phenomena of Judea, 423.
Nazareth, a city of Galilee, 515.

Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, 435.

his disease described, 565.

Nedir, the, a species of punishment, 393.
Nehemiah, the Book of, 141.

Neptunian theory of the earth, 533.

Nethinim, and stationary men, officers of the Jewish

tabernacle and temple, 321.

New Moon, the feast of the, 299.

Palsy, the, described, 566.

Pamphylia, a province of Asia Minor, 517.
Panim, a city near Lebanon, 484, note
Paphos, a city of Cyprus, 517.

Parallel passages, the comparison of, furnishes im-
portant aid in interpreting Scripture, 76; various
kinds of, 77; rules for comparing them, 78.
Parallelism, the rhythmical, 80; various kinds of,
81, 107.

Paran, a desert of Arabia, 517.

Parashim and Haphtaroth, the, 47.

Parchment, a material used for writing upon, 549.
Parents, the crime of cursing them, 390; striking
them, a high crime, ibid.

Parthia, description of, 436.
Paschal cycle, the, 339.

Passover, the Jewish, description of, 295; mode of
celebrating it, 296; days of holding it, 341.
Patmos, an island in the Egean sea, 518.
Patriarchal form of government, the, 382.

Paul, the Apostle, sketch of his life, 200; his conver-
sion to the faith of Christ, 201; his character, ibid.;
his speeches, 202; his epistles, ibid.; style and
character of his writings, 203; their genuineness
and authority, ibid.

Peace-offerings, description of, 329.
Pella, a city of the Decapolis, 518.
Pentateuch, the, account of, 131.

the Samaritan, 16; various readings in,
18; its value, ibid. ; its relation to the LXX., 22.
Pentecost, the feast of, 297.

Perea, description of, 413, 518.
Perjury, its punishment, 389.

Persia, physical and historical geography of, 437.
Pestilence, the, 563.

Peter, the First Epistle of, 228; character of his
writings, 229; to whom addressed, ibid., its de-
sign, 230; his second epistle, ibid.; its genuine-
ness, 231; its design, ibid., its peculiarities, 232.

New Testament, the, peculiar style of, 4, 6; genuine- Pharisees, the, 284.
ness of, deducible from its style, 6.

Pharpar, a river of Syria, 518.

Philadelphia, the capital of the Ammonites, 519.
Philemon, Paul's Epistle to, 222; its date, genuine-
ness, and object, 223.

Philippi, a city of Macedonia, 518.

Philippians, Paul's Epistle to the, 219; its design,

220.

Philosophical sects mentioned in Scripture, 609.
Philosophy, indications of its study amongst the He-
brews, 572.

Phoenicia, physical and historical geography of, 439.
Phrygia, a kingdom of Asia Minor, 518.
Phylacteries, Jewish, description of, 579.

Physic, the theory of, not much studied by the He-
brews, 560.

Pillar, a, symbolical import of the phrase, 634.
Pisgah, a mountain of Moab, 519.
Pisidia, a province of Asia Minor, ibid.
Pithom, a city of Egypt, ibid.
Plains of Palestine, 423.

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