106 Derrick's Memoirs of the Royal Navy. had two other gateways, one on the west, the other on the south side. This vast and massy building was encompassed by a lofty wall, embattled and defended by round or square towers placed at irregular intervals. Its precinct joined that of the cathedral towards the south-east. H. than 80 guns. 4th ditto, all of 50 or upwards, but less than 70 guns. 5th ditto, all of 36, and less than 50 guns. 6th ditto, all of 24, and less than 36 guns. And that no ship under 24 guns shall be a post-ship; but that all his Majesty's yachts shall be considered as post-ships, agreeably to ancient usage; one to be rated as a 2d rate, and the rest as 3d rates.* It was at the same time ordered that the complements of men to be allowed hereafter, in time of war, shall be as follows, viz.: 1st rates-900, 850, and 800. 3d ditto, 650, and 600. 4th ditto, 450, and 350. 5th ditto, 300, and 280. 6th ditto, 175, 145, and 125. *Sloops, fire-ships, and yachts, became distinguished from 6th rates in the reign of Charles II. [Feb. Sloops, 135, 125, 95, and 75. Brigs (not sloops), cutters, schooners, and bombs, 60 and 50. Small craft, not requiring 50 men, such a complement as the Admiralty Board may think necessary. Fire-ships, ditto. Alterations were also made in the pay of officers, from Admirals to petty Officers inclusive; and the allowance of table-money to Commanders in Chief was ordered to be doubled, with a further allowance of 31. per diem, in addition to their sea-pay, only while their flags are flying within the limits of their station. Some frigates belonging to the Dey of Algiers having, in May 1815, destroyed fifty fishing-boats off Sinigaglia, and carried the 300 men who composed their crews into slavery; and in the space of ten days, about the same period, carried off 600 persons from the Neapolitan territory; other Algerine armed vessels having insulted and plundered the Genoese, Roman, and Tuscan States, and carried off hundreds of the inhabitants of two places on the coast of Sardinia, in 1815 and 1816; the English flag also having been repeatedly insulted in the course of the former year, and her passports disregarded; all these and other enor mities which the several maritime States of Europe had suffered to be committed, almost with impunity, during a very long period, to the great disgrace of them all, at length stirred up certain of the powers to make such representations and solicitations to the British Court, as induced it to interfere, before the squadron which still remained in the Mediterranean should be withdrawn, on account of the termination of the war. Lord Exmouth, who had had the command in that quarter for the last three or four years, was therefore directed to proceed to Algiers (1816), and treat on behalf of the Neapolitan and Sardinian Governments for the ransom of their subjects, and for the recognition of the principle, that in future all persons taken in a state of warfare should be treated according to the usages of Europe. A treaty to this effect was accordingly entered into, in April 1816, and the slaves of the above-mentioned powers were ransomed. His Lordship in the same month made a similar treaty with the Bey of Tunis. Confiding in the peace thus restored, 1829.] Derrick's Memoirs of the Royal Navy. the fishermen of Sicily, Corsica, and Sardinia, resorted without fear to their rendezvous for the coral fishery, for which the coast of Africa has been always celebrated; and on the occasion of a church festival, had all gone ashore near the town of Bona. On or a few days before the 27th May, they were attacked by an Algerine frigate, from which a great number of troops had disembarked. The castle of Bona opened its fire, and a corps of cavalry at the same instant attacked them. Those who escaped the massacre were driven into the sea, and some saved themselves by swimming to the vessels afloat. Of 350 sail of fishermen, not half escaped; 55 Corsican gondolas left Bastia, and only ten returned, having on board 140 men, the remains of 500 who had embarked early in May. The Sicilians lost 600 people in the massacre; the Sardinians suffered equally; and several of the vessels under English colours were involved in the general destruction. The English fleet, at the time of this atrocious breach of faith, was on its way home with the Commander in Chief, and had scarcely arrived in port long enough to be disbanded, before an account of it reached this country; upon which Government seemed not to hesitate as to the adoption of measures to prevent, if possible, a recurrence of such base and abominable conduct, in all future time, notwithstanding the urgent necessity there was for reducing the public expences as fast as circumstances would possibly admit. A squadron consisting of part of the guardships, one or two other 74 gunships, frigates, &c. then in commission, together with some bomb vessels and others, which were fitted for the purpose, was therefore collected, and largely stored with ammunition, without delay, and the command of it given to the noble Admiral who had so recently visited the guilty city on a peaceable errand. The ships being at length well manned, which could not be accomplished all at once, the squadron set sail from Plymouth, but being retarded by calms and foul winds on its way to Gibraltar, where it was detained four days, it did not leave the latter port until the 13th August. It had been strengthened there by five English gun-boats, and by six Dutch 107 frigates under command of Admiral Cappellen. A rumour of the expedition had reached Algiers previous to its arrival at Gibraltar, and the enemy lost no time in collecting a large army, and in adding greatly to the fortifications of the city, and to the sea-defences; their ships were all in port, and between 40 and 50 gun and mortar boats ready, with several in a forward state of repair. The fleet arrived at Algiers on the 27th August, upon which the Commander-in-chief dispatched a boat with a flag of truce, and the demands he had to make in the name of his Royal Highness the Prince Regent on the Dey. After waiting for an answer beyond the time required by the latter, the officer re-embarked, making a signal that no answer had been received; upon seeing which, and finding that all the ships were ready, the Admiral's ship bore up, followed by the whole fleet, for their appointed stations. The Queen Charlotte anchored about fifty yards from the entrance of the Mole, in which position her starboard broadside bore upon every object within it. Although the enemy had detained the flag of truce upwards of three hours, they appeared to be still unprepared for this rapid movement, for not a gun was fired by them until the Queen Charlotte was moored. At this moment of profound silence, when the Admiral began to expect a full compliance with the terms demanded, a shot was fired at his ship from the Mole, and two at the other ships then following from the northward: this was promptly returned by the Queen Charlotte; and thus commenced a fire as animated and well supported as perhaps was ever witnessed, from a quarter before three until nine, without intermission, and which did not cease altogether until past eleven. The Dutch Admiral, with the frigates under his command, co-operated by keeping up a well-supported fire on the flanking batteries, from which he had offered to cover the British ships, as it was not in the power of the Commander-in-chief, for want of room, to bring him in front of the Mole. C.D. (To be continued.) Erratum.-Vol. xcvi. ii. p. 319, after the words "none of them," read, except the guardships. 108 Mr. URBAN, Correspondency in various Languages. Sidmouth-street, A grieved immoderately at the death of his Chief, being asked why he sat so long in sackcloth and ashes (for when they mourn, they put on their most sordid clothing and sit in the dirt,) he replied, because he should never more find such a patron who had not two hearts but only one. This mode or formula for expressing insincerity, is the same as the Hebrew in Psalm xii. 3, aby aba, is imitated in the etymology of our word duplicity, and in the Latin epithet multiplex. In Tully's Essay on Friendship, we have a sample of the same way of thinking, "qui id fieri poterit, si ne uno quidem quoque unus animus erit idemque semper, sed varius commutabilis, multiplex?" cap. 25. The Hawaiian and Tahitian Aüe (pronounced nearly Aweh), Hebrew ", Greek dva, Latin vae, and English woe; that all these words are derived from the same parent stock, no one can doubt, considering the relationship there is between the sounds u, v, and w. And as sometimes denotes a certain fondness or kindness of any thing; so the Sandwich Islander sends his aue to his special friend; for tears or weeping are, in the natural state of man, as much a sign of joy as they are of sorrow. These people cry as loud on receiving a friend who has returned from a journey or a voyage, as they did at his departure, in the same ,יתן את־קלו בבכי manner as Joseph, who å‡пxe Qwvny μEтα xλaveμou, Gen. xlv. 2, when he made himself known to his brethren. The Hebrew root I was the vocable, that was applied to the effect which endearment has upon the tender feelings of man in his simple state; and hence by an usual transition from effect to cause, it came to be used for any thing that was beautiful or desirable; for the sojourner wept when he left the oasis, where his cattle had of ten pastured. Virg. Eclog. 1. 76—7; Joel i. 19, 20; the maiden, when she lost her jewels, and the patriarch when he buried his dead out of his sight. In the dialect of Hawaii, the vowels u and i pass into consonants when preceded and followed by a vowel; as, for example, the phrase nana mai oe, look here, is pronounced nana mai yoe. The [Feb. Indian who rejoices that the Word of God has reached his ear, repeats his gratulation-ua olioli au, I am glad; as if it were written wuă olioli wau. The consonantal power of these letters, growing as it were by organic necessity out of their vowel sounds, might properly suggest a reason why the Eolic digamma is not accounted for in the orthography of the ancient Greek; for if natural enunciation could uniformly teach an Argive to avoid an hiatus, as it does a Sandwich islander, any sign or symbol denoting an artifice would have been superfluous. This phenomenon in vocal utterance has in the English language been hidden by the invention of the letter j, and the transferring of y from some of its original situations. But j is not so widely different from i as its name might at first seem to indicate, for on the stage I have sometimes heard the Spanish pronoun Io in rapid elocution pronounced as if it had been written Jo. Matth. iii. 4. ή δε τροφη αὐτου ἦν axpides. The uihi, or green grasshopper, when roasted is esteemed very good eating by the natives of Oahu (Wahoo). Perhaps the animal mentioned in Levit. xi. 22, is called bann, from an, to shake, on account of the shaking or quivering of the wing-cases, and by sympathy of the whole body while chirping. Isaiah, lviii. 11. 'bn' q'novyı—xas, τα όντα σου πιανθήσεται; “ alluding to the pliancy and flexibility of the bones in their sockets, which is the consequence of a well-fed succulent body." (Parkhurst.) The superiority of the chiefs in point of bulk and stature, considered by the natives of the group of islands alluded to, as the foundation of all other claims to personal influence, is ascribed by them to the plentiful supply of a mild and nutritious aliment called poe, being the macerated and half-fermented root of the calladium or taro, and the inactive life which their foster mothers afford them during childhood. We find many intimations in ancient writers, that a certain plumpness of body, and a roundness of feature, entered into the composition of their ideal beauty, and when this is the effect of a delicate nurture, the human frame is rendered peculiarly sensible to the external stimulants of heat and cold, and becomes so unbraced for 1829.] Recollections of the want of exercise, that any attempt to put it in motion is followed, especially in tender females, by a kind of incipient fainting, and a sense of extreme relaxation. This admired per fection of feminine delicacy, was sometimes imitated by those whom education had framed for harsher application. Hence, if we consider the etymon of the verb dafguτoμa, as giving origin to run, we discern a beautiful propriety in the use of it in the Adenafoural of Theocritus, ver. 96-9. Σίγα, Πραξινόα, μελλει τον Αδωνιν άειδειν Α της Αργειας θυγατηρ, πολυϊδρις άοιδος, Ατις και Σπερχιν τον ἰαλμενον ήριστευσε Φθεγξειται τι (σαφ' οίδα) καλον διαθρυπτεται ήδη. And we may borrow of Eschylus the epithets of ThOUTH SAPUTROMERO, οἱ γεννα μεγαλυνομένοι, and apply them to our Sandwich Islanders; for the former is descriptive of that dainty feeding which loosens the joints, or makes the body luxuriant (luxuria, luxus a luxo), and the latter is applicable to a people who value themselves so much upon their birth. G. TRADESCANT LAY. Mr. URBAN, Pillerton House, War wickshire, Dec. 20. BSERVING the brevity of your OBSERVING the brevity of yout of the late Rev. Thomas Leman, of Bath, and the readiness with which you profit by the few hints contained in Mr. Barker's " Parriana," I send you the following slight and un-im Since the energizer holds the priority of the energy, the root rpur was at first perhaps the name of a gouge or chissel, applied to the double purpose of carving and of forming holes or mortices. The change of a smooth consonant into an aspirate, seems naturally to bespeak a kind of effort or violence of an action; in this way we may be allowed to account for the signification of 9; as a workman for example might, by a rude application of an instrument, break what he only intended to reform. From a contemplation of the effect which sumptuous fare has upon the body, this root may have acquired the translated sense of to pumper, whence by an easy deduction we have reupn, to signify a delicate sort of nurture. There is an elementary affinity between *pʊ and ♫, and of signification between Ta to bore, and to go round. I was introduced to Mr. Leman in the year 1816; and from that date until the time of his decease was favoured with his occasional correspondence. In the year above-mentioned, I passed with him, at Bath, the greater part of a week, and received from him much valuable information in arranging the materials for my brief disquisitions on British and Roman-British Antiquities, forming parts of the "Introduction to the Beauties of England and Wales;” which assistance I have duly acknowledged in the preface to that work. I have two maps chiefly drawn by himself, and both engraved for my "Introduction;" the first shewing the situations of the different tribes of Britain, with their towns and trackways, as they existed at the first invasion under Cæsar; the second presenting a display of Roman stations and roads. The contributor to "Parriana" justly remarks, that Mr. Leman's "hand-writing was correct and beautiful." It was, indeed, eminently so, as is sufficiently proved to me by numerous letters in my possession. One, alas! forms an exception. It was the last I received from him, and is dated Aug. 26, 1825. It is in some places nearly illegible, and the news of his decease too quickly followed. In it he writes, "A most dreadful illness, which has confined me to my house, and I may almost say to my bed, for these last ten months, put it out of my power to reply more speedily. Besides the weakness consequent on such a lengthened illness, I have to add the irreparable and total loss of an eye, which precludes my reading and writing, except for matters of absolute necessity." Mr. Hunter is equally faithful in asserting that" an elegance ran through every thing about Mr. Leman." He was rather above the middle height; of a spare habit and genteel form. His features were handsome and pleasing, and his address that of an accomplished man of the world. Mr. Hunter observes, that he usually rode out in a morning on horseback." If Boswell were collecting anecdotes concerning the deceased, it might not be superAluous to mention that he was rendered conspicuous (eleven years ago) in these rides, by a white hat, and the '110 Rev. T. Leman and Bp. Bennett. display of a pendent eye-glass in a golden frame, much ornamented. It has been remarked, with some justice, that his manners, on a first acquaintance, would often too plainly insinuate that he knew himself to be a rich as well as a talented man, and that he was disposed to admit to a freedom of association such only as were equally fortunate with himself. Thus, every person of title, or distinction for affluence, whom he named, was "his friend." The untitled, or moderate in circumstance, whom he was obliged to mention, however great their worth or talent, were merely persons of whom he had heard, or of whom he might chance to know something, at a distance. It was curious to observe how this fantastical humour spread itself amongst his servants,almost invariably the apes of their masters. I recollect calling once in the Crescent, and on inquiring if Mr. Leman were at home? was thus an swered by his man: "No, Sir! Mr. Leman is out, and I do not exactly know where. But he is gone either to call on my Lord , or my Lord ; or some other Nobleman." But littlenesses, like that above-noticed, were mere specks in the sun, and were speedily relinquished when he found that they obtained for him no advantage over his companion. Mr. Leman was, undoubtedly, an elegant scholar, and a man of great antiquarian research. He is, also, entitled to more estimable commendation. When the frivolity of his habit, as related to an affectation of grandeur, was overcome, he evinced a friendly ardour of feeling that could spring only from a heart intrinsically good. I As regarded his literary capacity and attainments, he was shrewd and ingenious, rather than profound and philosophic. His quickness of perception, and art of disentangling and simplifying abstruse subjects, cannot be readily understood by those who have not passed days with him in his library. will venture to say, without hesitation, that no man had formed correct ideas respecting the early periods of British history, until Mr. Leman directed to that subject his penetrating and ingenious mind. I have heard him speak with great praise of Mr. Whitaker of Manchester; but himself possessed all the masculine acuteness of Whitaker, without the fervour of imagination, [Feb. which perhaps betrayed that writer, upon some occasions, into too great a boldness of hypothesis. Concerning the many truly valuable contributions of Mr. Leman to the County-histories published in his time, you need no information from my pen. Mr. Hunter remarks, "that it is supposed the edition of Richard of Cirencester, published in 1809, was prepared chiefly by him" (Mr. Leman). I presume it is known that he merely contributed the Commentary on the Itinerary, published in the translation of that date. He thus informed me, and indeed it is so stated in the candid and sensible preface to the translation. My copy of Richard is improved by some MS. corrections of the Commentary, made by Mr. Leman himself. His inquiries respecting the roads and stations of the Romans, in their occupation of this island, were not less satisfactory than his disquisitions on British history. But here his considerable powers had, perhaps, a less genial direction. The patient investigations of the antiquary were sufficient for this topic, with little call upon the vigour and perspicacity of the historian. Himself and the Bishop of Cloyne personally inspected the whole line of the principal Roman roads in Britain; and their writings upon those remains are, consequently, invaluable favours to the Antiquary. But they lived at too late a date for satisfactory remarks on many of the stations. Ĭ have heard him (half-jocosely) lament that they were not in being to lend a helping hand to Leland and Camden, whose opportunities were greater than we possess in these " gard days." so much lag I cannot advert to the name of Mr. Leman's distinguished "friend," Dr. Bennett, Bishop of Cloyne, without paying the humble tribute of my admiration to that excellent prelate and amiable man. I was honoured with his assistance, in the same work of literary amusement that caused me to become acquainted with Mr. Leman. Possibly without so penetrating an activity of mind, he possessed a sounder, if not a finer degree of understanding; whilst he could not be approached without a conviction of his profound learning, reverence for his virtues as a man, and applause of his accomplishments as a gentleman. Yours, &c. J. N. BREWER. |