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Hillsboro' co. N. H. Aux. So. R. Boylston, Tr.

Suffield, Mon. con.

Windsor, Mon. con.

Francestown, Gent.

Hillsborough, Asso.

Lancoin co. Me. Aux. So. Rev. S. White, Tr.

Bath, N. par. Gent. 61; hea. sch.

51 78-63 28

so. 22; united mon. con. 85; 168 00 Lowell and vic. Ms. Char. asso. W. Davidson, Tr. Dracut, Evang. cong, chh. and so. 11 50 Lowell, 1st cong. chh. and so. mon. con. 50,78; H. P. 1; Merrimack co. N. H. Aux. So. Rev. D. Kimball, Tr. Bradford, By Rev. O. G. Thatcher, 17 00 Dunbarton, Fem. benev, so. 19,10; fem. mon. con. 5,97; gent. 2,72; by J. S. 5,25;

Middlesex S. confer. of chhs. Ms. P.

Concord,

Framingham, Mon. con.

Lincoln,

33 04-50 04

Johnson, Tr.

32 36 30.00

New Haven City, Ct. Aux. So. F. T. Jarman, Tr.

Cheshire, Benev, asso.

Fairhaven, Cong, chh. mon. con. New Haven, La. benev. so. for Dr. Parker, 80; mon. con. Centre chh. 30,07, do. 3d chh. 15,30; New Horen en. East, Ct. Aux. So. S. Madison, Young la. sew. so. Northfield, La. union benev, so. New Haven co. West, Ct. Aux. So. W. Milford, Gent.

Mount Carmel, Hamden, A friend,
Woodbridge, Mon.con.

New York City and Brooklyn, Aux. So.

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(Of which to constitute Rev. BENJAMIN HALE, D. D. of Geneva an Ilon. Mem. by his brother, 50:)

West Taunton,

Valley of the Mississippi, Aux. So.
W. T. Truman, Tr.
Western Reserve aux. so.

Cleveland, Mon. con. 1st presb. chh.
53,60; Conneaut, Mon. con. presb.
chh. 11; Maumee city, do. do. 10,57;
Oberlin, mon. con. 22,37; Strongs-
ville, presb. chh. 13,53; Wakeman,
do. 5,82; Ashtabula co. Morgan,
12,71; Rome, 14,29; Medina co. Har-
risville, 4; Westfield, 12; Portage co.
Aurora, 6,25;

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Alleghany, N. Y. Indian contrib.

5 00

Andover, Ms. Mon. con. to constitute Rev. L. L. LANGSTROTH an Hon. Mem. 50; W. par. Mon. con. 15;

66 00

Baltimore, Md. Juv. miss. so. 3d pay. for Eliza Conklin in Ceylon,

20 00

14.00

3 50

93 81

31 00

Berkshire, N. Y. Mon. con.

15.00

Norfolk co. Ms. Aux. So. Rev. Dr. Burgess, Tr. Franklin, Mon. con. 100; sub. to constitute Rev. ELAM SMALLEY an Hon. Mem. 50; Oneida co. N. Y. Aux. So. A. Thomas, Tr. Fridgewater, Chb. and so.

Bethlehem, N. Y., D. II. Moffat,

10 00

Boonton, N. J. Mon. con.

10 00

150 00

Boston, Ms. Fem. so. for. pro. chris, among

19 20

the Jews, for sch. in Bombay, 100; a friend, 10; N. Willis, 3; unknown, 5,77;

118 77

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Braintree, Ms. S. par. Gent. and la. 17,76; mon. con. 15;

32 76

56 88

Lenox, Ridgeville, 1st presb. so.

Brandywine Manor, Pa. Sch. for Mr. Schneider, 15 00 Brookfield, N. Y. Presb. chh.

4 28

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Hudson, N. Y. Sab. sch. presh, chh. Indiana, Miss. so. Mr. and Mrs. 1. 2; Col. F. 2; indiv. 3; Dubois co. J. A. 5; Mrs. F. 5; indiv. 4,44; Hopewell, Presb. cong. 5,25; Potterville, Coll. 7,78; Smyrna, Chh. 2,56; indiv. 3; Sullivan co. Indiv. 11,57; Jaffrey, N. H. Mon. con.

Kennebunkport, Me. Mon. con. 19; fem. asso. 21;

Kingsport, E. Ten. Cong. and benev, so. Kingston, R. I. Cong. chh. 11,51; Mr. W.'s fam. 2;

Kirby, Vt. Cong, chh. and so. coll.

55 50

27 50

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73.00

L. D.

10.00

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14.00

25.00

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51 60

Weymouth, Ms. Juv. miss. so. N. par.

19 12

40 52

Willsborough, N. Y. Cong. chh.

12.00

Winthrop, Me. A friend,

100

40 00

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Newtown, N. Y. William Leverich, by A.
Van Sinderen, Ex'r,

Orford, N. H. Miss Sarah W. Niles, ($42,21
having been rec'd previously,) by W.
Green,

Sandwich, N. II. Lydia S. M'Gaffey, by Josiah M'Gaffey, Ex'r,

Amount of donations and legacies acknowledged in the preceding lists, $15,739 43. Total of donations and legacies from August 1st, to June 10th, $204,630 29.

DONATIONS IN CLOTHING, &c. Chester, Vt. A box, fr. la. of cong. so.

15.00

20 02

25.00

40; coll. 20;

60 00

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Hartwick and Fly Creek, N. Y., A box, fr. benev. so. for Dwight.

Northboro', Ms. Evang. so mon. con.

5.50

Northern Liberties, Pa. 1st presb. chh. $40

Heath, Ms. A box, fr. gent. and la. for Mr. Ayer, Pokegoma,

66 57

ackn. in June as fr. Kensington.

North Falmouth, Ms. A lady,

1 00

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Hudson, O. Clothing, fr. ladies, for La Pointe,
Lakeville, N. Y., A box, fr. mite so.
Merico, N. Y., A box, fr. fem. miss. so. for
Choctaw miss.

77 02

55.00

30 00

Parsippany, N. J. Fem. evang. fo. 22; fem. sew. and read. so. 16;

38 00

New York city, (via.) A barrel, for E. A. Webster, Bombay; a box, for Rev. George Champion, S. E. Africa.

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Northbridge, Ms. Books, fr. indiv. in cong. chh. for John Crane, Ceylon,

Pelham, N. H., A bundle, fr. misses so. for Ind. children.

Peterboro', N. Y., A box, fr. ladies, for Mr. Stevens, Lake Harriet.

Philadelphia, Pa. A box and map, fr. fem. so. for ed. hea. youth, ackn. in Her. for May; a box and barrel, for Miss Meigs and others, Ceylon.

Portland, N. Y. Flannel, fr. fem. so. rec'd at Cattaraugus,

3 10

7 24

10 00

Providence, R. I. Richmond-st. chh.

23 11

Raynham, Ms. A friend,

50

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Roxbury, Ms. Eliot chh. and cong. 5; mon.

people,

50 00

con. 30,09;

Rue, N. Y. Mon. con.

Sandwich Islands, Miss Maria Ogden,

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Smithtown, N. Y. Mrs. H. Buffett, 10; W.

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Westford, N. Y., A box, fr. fem. benev. so.

The following articles are respectfully solicited from
Manufacturers and others.

Printing paper, to be used in publishing portions of the Scriptures, school-books, tracts, etc. at Bombay, and at the Sandwich Islands.

Writing paper, writing books, blank books, quills, slates, etc. for all the missions and mission schools, 26 62 especially for the Sandwich Islands.

18

Shoes of a good quality, of all sizes, for persons of both sexes; principally for the Indian missions. Blankets, coverlets, sheets, etc.

Fulled cloth, and domestic cottons of all kinds.

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You perceive that it is in a very peculiar manner situated so as to admit of

GENERAL LETTER ON THE HISTORY AND preaching from house to house, and that

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large congregations could, if so inclined, easily convene.

This dense population is agricultural. Still they do not raise sufficient for their support. Each year large quantities of rice are imported from Hindoostan. Tobacco and palmyra rafters are the chief exports. The people are in general neither very poor nor rich. Few are so degraded as many in continental India. On the other hand there are few of the energetic and liberalized class who are to be found in the cities of Hindoostan.

Jaffna is a district of Ceylon, constituting the northern angle of the island. The proselyting genius of the PortuIt might in some respects geographically guese and Dutch governments produced be considered as independent of any many nominal conversions to Romish or other place. From the main land of Protestant Christianity. When the BriCeylon, it is severed by an arm of the tish came into power, they proclaimed sea, varying in breadth, from one to ten toleration, and most of the people reor twenty miles. The people of Jaffna lapsed into heathenism. Several thoudiffer from the great majority of those of sands remained in connection with the the rest of Ceylon in origin, language, church of Rome. But the ancient lustre religion, and slightly even in their phys- of heathenism has not been restored. In iological character. Formerly a dynasty || all of Jaffna there is not a single temple of independent kings reigned in this dis- equal to many, even in the small provintrict. Now all traces of political dis- cial towns on the continent. The retinctness are obliterated, and Jaffna has venues of idolatry here are small. Mulbeen made by royal charters and acts of titudes adhere to their faith through parliament an integral part of Ceylon. blind attachment to their ancestors. It consists of one large and several Others are very bigoted in their creed, smaller islands. Including every thing, the more so because of attempts in times the area of the district of Jaffna is 1,220 past to convert them by force. On the square miles, and the population by a re- whole the religious state of the people cent census is 166,181 souls. More than offers great encouragement for evangeli15,000 of these live in the island of cal labor. It should not be omitted, that Jaffna, and its small dependencies, which the past and present missionary labors in altogether do not comprise 450 square this island have in many instances premiles. This almost unexampled density pared the way for success in future of population, 350 to the square mile, is much greater, as we trust, than all that to be regarded as one of the most strik- has yet appeared. Compared with their ing missionary characteristics of Jaffna. former state, many of the Jaffna people

VOL. XXXIII.

41

are willing to listen to religious truth; they are more candid and understand better what is told them.

The climate is more salubrious than that of India in general. Strong breezes from the sea temper the heat which otherwise would be excessive. Many of the people are intelligent, but very few are inquisitive. A desire to make new discoveries is seldom found in a Hindoo. "What shall I eat? what shall I drink? wherewithal shall I be clothed?" is the extent of national inquisitiveness. Still there is a great demand for schools in Jaffna, especially English schools. The hope of ultimately receiving employment from the missionaries or from government is the great incentive to a thirst for education.

Having previously stated that nine missionaries and two male assistant missionaries, under the direction of the Board, two missionaries of the English Church Missionary Society, and two of the English Wesleyan Society were employed in the district; and having given the population of their several parishes, the writers proceed

From the above it appears that 115,000 people in Jaffna are supplied in some manner with preaching. The remaining fifty thousand all lie so amongst these, that if two or three new stations were occupied, and those we now have were well manned, all might be in some degree reached.

Tamul Population on the Continent.

There are nine English missionaries in the city, but what are these among so many. If they exerted all the energy of which human nature is capable there would remain many tens of thousands unreached and unevangelized. Besides most of the English missionaries in Madras are more or less occupied with labors in the English language. Madras is the metropolis of southern Hindoostan. It contains many natives of great business activity and comparative enlargement of mind. These men are more free from prejudices than their countrymen in small towns and secluded villages. If thoroughly converted they will bring much of strength and of active habits to their new faith. The traits of character which make them difficult of access at first will make them of more value,if eventually gained. Patiently to search out, follow up, and act upon this class of men will require a great increase of missionaries in Madras. What has just been said of the intelligent men of Madras is equally true, though in a more limited degree, of those in the inferior, yet large cities of India. This should be borne in mind in connection with the ensuing remarks.

The region inhabited by those who speak Tamul on the continent is bounded on the north by a line which we may suppose to be drawn from Madras toward the west. It extends from this limit to Cape Comorin at the extreme south of Hindoostan, from the sea shore on the east to the western branches of the Southern Ghaut mountains on the west. This space comprises an area of from 75,000 to 100,000 square miles. The population has been variously estimated at from 3,000,000 to 10,000,000. Perhaps 6,000,000 or 8,000,000 approximates most nearly to the truth.

There are no cities in Jaffna. The town of Jaffnapatam is small, unless the surrounding villages are counted along with it. In Jaffnapatam there are but a few hundred houses, inhabited chiefly by The general aspect of the country is the descendants of the Dutch and Por-flat and uninteresting. Comparatively tuguese. Our information respecting Jaffna is accurate and minute. We regret that we cannot thus speak of the great regions on the continent inhabited by the Tamul people. In half civilized countries of large extent there is of necessity much uncertainty in all estimates of population.

Madras, in north latitude 13, 5, east longitude 80, 29, indicates the northern limit to which the Tamul population of Hindoostan extends, and is the most conspicuous place inhabited by this race. Its population has recently been computed at 416,000 souls. A large portion of these may be regarded as unsupplied with adequate means for their salvation.

few of the Tamul people dwell among the mountains which bound them to the west. They reside chiefly in the wide plains which extend to the sea, and which are known as the Carnatic. Whilst traversing this country you never see farms with the owner's cottage in the midst. The roads lead over barren plains, parched by the sun, producing spontaneously little else than short withered grass and thorn-trees. At intervals of from half a mile to five miles are mud built villages, some of which are shaded by a few fine trees. The villages generally lie off the road, and the land around them is cultivated. At intervals of ten, twenty, or fifty miles the roads

pass through large towns of from 1,000 to 5,000 people. Vestiges of former magnificence may often be seen in these large places. Temples of stone, large|| and well ornamented, impart to many of them an air of barbarian respectability. Most of these large towns contain very good native dwellings. Still more unfrequent than the large towns are the cities. These are composed of mean native houses with many of a very superior description intermingled. Here also reside the English gentlemen in the civil or military services of the government. In the cities are the residences of the Hindoo Britons, or descendants of the Europeans and natives. These often live with much appearance of comfort.

Around the cities are towns and villages. The neighboring country is better cultivated than in general is the case, and all things bear a superior aspect. Of these cities there are more than twenty, inhabited in whole or in great part by Tamul people. There are probably five hundred towns of from 1,000 to 5,000 people, and in some few cases 10,000. There are probably 10,000 Tamul villages of from fifty to 1,000 people each.

Number and Location of Missionaries

Language and Readers.

We will now state how far this field is supplied with missionaries. At Madras, there are, as we have said, nine missionaries. Combaconum N. lat. 11°, E. long. 79° 25', has a population of 42,000, with many villages around. It lies twenty miles N. N. E. of Tanjore, and has one missionary of the London Missionary Society. Salemis, in N. lat. 10° 55', E. long. 78° 4', has 60,000 people and 40,000 more in the adjacent villages. The whole district of which it is the capital contains 1,125,000 people. In this city is one missionary of the London Society. Coimbatoor, N. lat. 10° 55', E. long. 77° 6', has 15,000 or 20,000 people, with many villages around. The district contains 800,000 people. Here is one missionary of the London Society. Chittoor lies eighty miles west of Madras, and contains a population of 10,000, with 60,000 within a circuit of thirty miles. At Chittoor there is one missionary of the London Society. In Belgaum, in N. lat. 15° 40', E. long. 74' 30', are 25,000 people, with some villages near; there are two missionaries of the London Society. Bangatore, in N. lat. 13, E. long. 77° 62', lies at the distance of 215 miles from Madras; it is

under the dominion of the rajah of Mysore though one of the chief military stations of the British government. The rajah has much impeded the missionary operations. There are in this city 60,000 people. Half speak Tamul, and half Canarese. There is one missionary of the London Missionary Society. Nagapatam lies forty miles east of Tanjore on the sea coast, with 30,000 people. The English Wesleyans have here two missionaries. Nagaporam, with 10,000 people, is twenty-one miles northeast from Combaconum, ten miles west of Tanjore. Here the English church mission have an establishment, though at present no missionary. At Sadras, a small town of 4,000 or 5,000 people, but quite commercial, on the sea coast, forty-seven miles south of Madras, no missionary. The same is the case with Pallicat, a large seaport town twentyfive miles north of Madras, formerly a Dutch settlement, now ceded to the English. On the sea coast 145 miles south by west from Madras is the Danish colony of Tranquebar. In 1812 there were 19,679 people here, since which the population is said to have much increased. The Danish government have one missionary here. Trichinopoly is a sort of second capital to Southern India, after Madras, from which city it lies 268 miles to the southwest. The population is large, and there is but one missionary there of the Gospel Propagation Society. Tanjore is in the hands of a native prince. It is a large city forty miles east of Trichinopoly. The adjacent country is in the hands of the British, and is very populous. There are two missionaries of the Gospel Propagation Society here. Next towards the south is the district and city of Madura, concerning which our brethren residing there will speak. South of Madura is the district of Tinnevelly, with 700,000 people. At and near Palamcotta, sixtyfive miles east northeast from Cape Comorin are eight missionaries. Further south in this district, at Nagercoil, are two missionaries of the London Society.

Comparing this statement of the supply of the field with the preceding sketch of its extent you will be able to form some idea of its destitution.

There are more intelligent and inquisitive individuals in the continental cities than can be found in Jaffna, but the national character of the mass of the people, especially in the villages, is probably inferior in these respects to that of the people here. English schools, if well "sustained by the missionaries, would be

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