4f., 82; study of, 14; figures of, 14 ff.;
vocabulary of, 19 ff.; criticism of, 40;
slang gets into, 55 ff.; technique of,
76 ff.; oral, 82, 370; Anglo-Saxon,
82 ff.; Middle English, 84 ff.; Chaucer |
and his contemporaries and successors,
88 ff.; fashion in literature, 110 ff.:
tendencies of Anglo-Saxon, 113; of
Middle Ages, 116; of Elizabethan time,
116 ff.; of seventeenth century, 120 ff.;
of eighteenth century, 121 ff.; of ro-
manticism, 123; of nineteenth century,
124; beast-epic, 370; fables, 370. See
Learned words; Literary language;
Poetry.

Lithuanian, 61.
Litotes, 17.

Local names, hyperbole in, 318.
London, 65 f., 88.

Louis XIV, 155.

Love, allegory of, 116.

Low German, 81, 109, 140, 163.

Lumbering, 56, 214 n.
Lydford, 378 f.

Lydgate, John, 91.

Lyly, John, 117.

Machinery of language, 9, 168 ff.,

192.

Macrobius, 229 n.

See Business.

Mercantile words.
Mercian dialect, 82 ff.
Mesmer, 385.

Metamorphosis, 361 f.

Metaphor, 9 ff., 14; in slang, 55.
Metonymy, 15.

Middle English, 84 ff., 116, 182 f.,
195 ff. See Chaucer.
Middle Voice, 279 f.

Midland dialect, 87 ff.

Military terms, 56, 58 f., 60, 61, 63 n.,
99, 112, 154, 155, 189, 227, 296, 350, 360,
366 f., 380.

Milton, 100, 130, 141, 143, 229 n., 258,
283, 376, 381, 384.

Mining, figures from, 56.
Miracle plays, 67.

Misfortune, euphemisms for, 302 f.
Molière, 71, 375.

Monasticism, 44, 245, 388 f.

Money, 49, 89, 139 ff.

Moon, effect on insanity, 364.
Moore, Thomas, 355.

More, Sir Thomas, 381.

Morton, John, 375.

Müller, Max, on origin of lan-

guage, 3.

Municipal government, 146.
Musical terms, 51 f., 57 n.

Mythology, 222, 326 n.; animals in,

words, 228 f.

Magnetism, animal, 385.

Name, of person, used as common

317 ff.

Mandrake, superstition about, 340 f.
Mathematics, Arabic words, 108.
Matthews, Albert, 244 n., 299 n.
Meaning, conventional, 219 ff.; Stoic
theory, 229 ff.; root-meaning, 232 f.;
generalization and specialization,
234 ff.; radiation, 259 ff.: the a+b
process. 265 ff.; new applications,
269 ff.; transference, 272 ff.; degen-
eration, 284 ff.; euphemism, 300 ff.;
hyperbole, 309 ff.; affected by sup-
posed etymology, 336 ff.

Medical terms. 13, 31, 101, 128 f., 153,
213, 266, 352 f., 367, 384; Greek, 45;
Arabic, 45.

Occupations, names of, 133 f.; as
proper names, 209.

Offices, names of, 144 ff., 222, 295 f.

353.

Old English. See Anglo-Saxon.
Old Frankish, 81, 163.

Old French. See French.

Old High German and French. See

Northumbrian, 82 ff.; the first liter-
ary English, 83; succeeded by West
Saxon, 83; Scottish language, 92;
influence of Norman French, 85 ff; in-
fluence of Central French, 86; re-
lations of English and French in
England, 84 ff.; East Midland becomes
the literary dialect, 88 ff.; decadence
of French, 86 ff.: characteristics of
Chaucer's age,
88 ff.

Noun-stems. See Nominal.
Numerals, 196; Roman, 105.
Nursery tales, animals in, 362.

Oaths, 240; disguised, 34 n., 304.
Obsolete, native words made so by
borrowing, 25, 28; words in poetry,
26; archaisms revived, 26, 78 f., 118 f.,
123; surviving as fossils, 195 ff.; in a
few phrases, 209 ff.; meanings surviv-
ing, 212 ff.

Obsolete science, 30 ff.
Occleve. See Hoccleve.

Old Norse in English, 107, 144 f.,
202, 345.

Old Saxon, 81, 163.
Omens, 232, 302.
Onomatopoeia, 3, 16, 155.
Oral literature, 82, 370.

Orient, names of spices from, 133;
of gems, 137; Latin Orient, 388.

Origin of language, 1 ff.; bow-wow
theory, 3, 6; ding-dong theory, 3, 6;
pooh-pooh theory, 3, 6; goo-goo theory,
6 n., 391; Stoic theory, 229 f.
Oxford, 88.
Oxymoron, 16.

Parisian dialect, 132.

Parisian French. See Central
French.

Parliamentary formula, 229.

Parsing as a test of correctness,

206.

Participles in -en, 203.

Patriarchal institutions, 146.
Payne, John Howard, 143.
Peddlers' French, 55 n.
Percy, Bishop, 119.

Peripatetic philosophy, 34 ff.
Periphrasis, 17. See Euphemism.
Persian, 109.

Personal endings, 180 f., 182 f.
Personal pronouns, 180, 202 f., 204.
Personification, 257.

Persons, names of. See Names.
Peterborough Chronicle, 145, 341.
Pet names, 60 f., 63, 135, 298 f., 386 f.
See Diminutives.

Petrarch, 89.

Petrifaction in language, 180. See
Fossils.

Philosophy, 34 ff., 46 ff., 382.

Phrase-composition, 35 n., 50, 70f.,

Political economy, 112 f.

103, 187 ff., 201, 292 n., 301, 310, 332,

350, 352, 367.

Physiologus, 368.

Physiology, 30 ff., 129, 213, 295.
Piracy, 81, 291.

Place-names, 60, 61, 71, 93, 129, 131,
136 f., 140 f., 142 n., 338; hyperbole in,
140.

Places and persons, words from
(Chap. XXVI), 372 ff.; nicknames or
serious technical terms, 372; names of
persons used figuratively, 372 ff.; from
the Bible, 374 f.; from the classics,
375 f.; names of places similarly used,
376; corruptions of such names, 377;
verbs from proper names, 377 ff.; verbs
in -ize, 379; names of tribes or nations
as common nouns, 379 f.; derivatives
of, in special senses, 380 f.; fanciful
names, 381; adjectives from proper
names, 382; names of persons ap-
plied to things, 382 f.; in common
talk, 383 f.; in science, 383 f.; articles
named from places from which they
come, 384 ff.; diminutives applied to
tools, 386 f.; significance of such terms
in the history of civilization, 387 f.

Plants, names of, 138 f., 210 n., 337,
340 f., 360, 364 f.

Plattdeutsch, 81, 109, 163.
Pleiade, 118 n.

Pleonasm, a universal tendency of
speech, 17. See Comparison; Tau-
tology.

Pliny, Natural History, 368.
Pliny the Younger, 54 n.

Plural, singular in s mistaken for,
132 f., 139, 343; irregular, 201 f.; in
verbs, 343.

Plutarch, 374.

Poetical and unpoetical words, 295.
See Slang, 55 ff.

Poetic faculty, 7 ff., 176.

Poetry, language is, 4 ff., 7 ff., 176;
figures of, compared with ordinary
language, 9 ff., 14 ff.; archaisms in,
26, 118 f., 123; precedes prose, 4, 82;
pathos, 40; bathos, 40 f.; doggerel, 65;
bombast, 67.

Polish, 109.

Prepositions, compounded with
verbs, 187 ff.; subjective and objec-
tive use, 273 f.

Primitive man. See Savages.
Printers' language, 214.
Prize-fighting, 56, 75, 353.
Procrastination in language, 292 f.
Profanity. See Oaths.

Professional dialects (Chap. V),
42 ff. See Law; Medicine, etc.
Progress of language, 183 f., 344.
Pronominal roots, 169 f.

Pronoun, demonstrative, 202; per-
sonal, 202 f.; dative and nominative
confused, 204.

Pronunciation, various, 355 f.

Proper names as common nouns.
See Names.

Propriety in language, 300 f.

Choice of words.

Provençal, 248 n.,

339.

See

Proverbs and proverbial phrases, 71,
214, 216, 367 f.

Provincial English. See Dialect.
Psychology of primitive man,

Shortened

words.

Sidonius, 278.

forms. See Clipped

Specialization, 247 ff.; cause of,
248 ff.; slight change, 250; every man
his own specializer, 251 f.; results from

Skeat, Professor, 341 n.

Slang (Chap. VI), 55 ff.; phenomena
parallel to those of legitimate speech,
55 ff.; how made, 55 ff.; from games
and sports, 56 ff.; from provincialisms
or foreign words, 58 f.; ancient slang,
56, 59 ff.; use of diminutives and the
like, 60 f.; clipped words, 61 ff.; Swift
on clipped words, 62 f.; clipping pro-
cess natural in our language, 63 f.;
fantastic coinages and distortions,
64 ff.; substitutions and variety in
slang, 69 f.; phrase-composition in
slang, 70; fragments of phrases, 70 ff.;
reasons for avoiding slang, 72 ff.; all
slang not on the same level, 74; use of
slang under special circumstances,
74 ff.; elaboration of, 362 n.

Slang words, 99, 102, 111 f., 119 n.,
141, 155 n., 189, 192, 207, 211, 255, 304,
306, 307, 312 ff., 332, 349, 351, 353, 354,
356 f. See Words from the names of
animals (361 ff.), and from places or
persons (373 ff.); Colloquial lan-
guage; Hyperbole: Fashion.
Slavery, 89, 284 ff., 322 f.
Smith, C. A., 237 n.

Society, jargon of, 53 f.; phrases
from French, 99; conventional phrases,
220 f.

Soldiers' slang. See Military terms.
Song and language, 5.
Sophocles, 238.

259 ff.; the a+b process, 265 ff. See
Generalization.

Spelling, affected by etymology, true
or false, 149, 331 ff.

Spencer, Earl, 256, 383.

Spenser, 118, 295, 354, 363 n., 375.
Spices, 133, 337 n.

Sport, words from, 56 ff.

Sprachgefühl, 126 f., 147 f., 181,

233.

Stage-terms, 58, 223, 246, 251, 268 f.
Stem-composition, 176 ff., 185 ff.
Stem-endings, 174 ff.

Stem-formations, vagueness of, 175 f.
Stems, reduplicated root as, 173.
Stems and roots, 168 ff.

Stoic philosophy, 37 ff.; theory of
the etymon, 229 ff., 301.
Straw, Jack, 89.

Style, as affected by the rejection of
foreign words, 26; artistic, 70; ten-
dencies of, 110. See Choice of words;
Fashion.

Superstitious opinions about words,
228 f., 300 ff.

Surgery, 13.

Surnames, from animals, 363.
Family names.

Swearing. See Oaths.

Swift, on slang, 62 f., 65.

Symbols, 105.

Synecdoche, 15.

See