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and attentive consideration of all who are in any way connected with offices such as these. There are several passages which we have been almost tempted to quote, but our limits would not allow us; and we consider as the most prominent feature in the case, the duty of presentment. The Archdeacon's re marks on the maintenance of devout order in our public assemblies for worship are particularly good. (see pp. 39, 40.) We do not apprehend that the churchwarden would be justified in resorting to such a mode of enforcing decorous behaviour at church, as might be deduced from a precedent of Father Ugarte, one of the Spanish Missionaries to California, mentioned in Venegas's History, p. 318, vol. I. Finding that the Indians, whom he had collected for public prayer and instruction, paid no attention to his reproofs for their troublesome conduct, the father made a dangerous experiment of what could be done by fear. Near him stood an Indian of great reputation for strength, and who, presuming on this, their only valued superiority, was more rude than the rest. Father Ugarte, who was a man of uncommon strength, observing the Indian in the height of his laughter, and, making signs of his mockery to the others, seized him by the hair, and lifting him up, swung him to and fro in the air. The historian states the effect of this to have been highly beneficial. The rest of the party ran away in the utmost terror, but soon returned, one after another; and the father so far succeeded in intimidating them, that they behaved more regularly for the future. We do

not apprehend that with the Indians of England a good swing would always be a sovereign cure: but, to be serious, we do think that the laws have entrusted, to the officers of whom we speak, a power, which, if judiciously exercised, might prove highly useful in our parishes, and of great assistance to the parochial clergy, with whom they ought ever to act in such matters in the strictest concert. A church-warder might by so doing prove himself, what the laws intended he should be, a sort of moral aid-de-camp to the minister, and might powerfully second the public labours of the latter on his field-day, the Sabbath, by a few well-directed attacks on the strong-' holds of evil in his parish during the week. He might also, on the Sunday, visit charity schools, poor-house, and other parochial institutions; he might see that the shops were shut; he might empty the public houses; he might induce many a straggler to repair to church; he might prevent in-' decorous conduct while there; and might assist to preserve that good order and solemnity in Divine worship which become the temple of God. So long as the oath remains, the duty remains: if that is modified, the latter may be altered; but till then, we cannot but maintain the obligation in general, as our author has defined and enforced it,

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making, however, as no doubt the Searcher of Hearts himself will make, every necessary allowance for what the inevitable alterations of times and circumstances may have rendered wholly impractic able.

LITERARY AND PHILOSOPHICAL INTELLIGENCE,

&c. &c.

GREAT BRITAIN. PREPARING for publication:-Practical Sermons, by the late Rev. R. Postle

thwaite ;-Gems etched by R. Dagley, with Verse Illustrations; by the Rev. G. Croly;-Translations of ancient Greek

Political and Ethical Fragments; by T. Taylor;-Bibliotheca Biblica, consisting of a select descriptive catalogue of the most important works of biblical criticism and interpretation; by W. Orme; Academic Lectures on Subjects connected with the History of Modern Europe; by the Rev. H. C. O'Donnoghue, A. M.

In the press-Sermons on the lead. ing Characters and Events in Genesis, by the Rev. Dr. Rudge ;-The Book of Ecclesiastes illustrated by the Rev. G. Holden;-The Statistics of England, by Mr.Lowe ;-Tour through Sweden,Norway, &c. by A. De C. Brooke ;-SerOns by the late Rev. Henry Martyn : reprinted from an edition printed at the Church-mission Press, Calcutta.

Cambridge. The annual prizes of fifteen guineas each, given by the Re. presentatives in Parliament of this University, for the best dissertations in Latin prose, are adjudged as follows:Senior Bachelors-Populis diversis eadem instituta parum conveniunt: A. Barron and R. Lyon.-Middle Bachelors-Astronomia laus et utilitas: A. Ollivant, and J. A. Barnes.-Sir Wm. Browne's gold medals for the Greek ode and for the Greek and Latin epigrams, to W. M. Praed. No Latin Ode.adjudged-The Porson prize for the best translation of a passage from Shakspeare into Greek verse, is adjudged to W. Barham.-All the above gentlemen are of Trinity College.

The long projected Welsh College for students for the ministry whose friends are not able to afford them the advantages of an Oxford, or Cambridge education, is about to be erected at Llampeter, in Cardiganshire. The sum of 15,000l. 3 per cents. is already collect ed; and his Majesty has munificently sent a donation of 1,000l. accompanied by a letter in his own hand, expressing his warm approval of the object, and his testimony to the character of the right reverend prelate to whom the principality is indebted for this highly valuable and long needed institution, A Quarterly Magazine in the Welsh language, to be conducted upon the principles of the Church of England, will shortly be commenced. In forwarding both these objects, the lord Bishop of St. David's lias long been zealous and persevering.

Dr. Hirschell, a learned Jew, is preparing a work explanatory of the whole of the details of the system of mutual

instruction, in Hebrew, for the benefit of his brethren throughout the world. Many Jews are beginning to take much interest in the instruction of the young; and Jewish schools, on the new system, are likely soon to be established in different part of Europe.

It is computed that there are more than one hundred steam-vessels.plying in various parts of this empire, not merely against the currents of our rivers, but in the face of tides and winds, in the adjacent seas. Loudon and Edinburgh, London and Calais, Liverpool and Dublin, Holyhead and Dublin, Bristol and Liverpool, Brighton and Dieppe, are now connected by steam-vessels, which perform their voyages in measured time. Within the last few weeks, an iron vessel, of 280 tons burden, performed its first voyage from London to Paris direct. It reached Ronen in fifty-five hours, and proceeded from Rouen to Paris in a day and night.

A new London Bridge is to be erected as near as possible to the west side of the present bridge, and to afford a clear water-way of not less than 690 feet. It is to be faced with granite, and to consist of five arches; the centre arch to rise twenty-three feet above high water mark.

Extensive Roman antiquities have for some time been in a course of discovery at Castor, near Peterborough. Fiftysix rooms in one villa, are stated to have been satisfactorily traced and excavated, covering a space of five hundred square feet. Two other large villas also have been brought to light; with' numerous tesselated pavements, foundations of small houses, and miscellaneous curiosities. Mr. Artis, the explorer, proposes publishing, by subscription, a series of plates illustrative of his dis. coveries, consisting of plans and sections of the buildings and hypocausts, tesselated pavements, pottery, paintings in fresco, sculptured stones, coins, &c.

The total amount of the sums expended during the year 1820 for the maintenance of the poor in England and Wales was 7,329,5941.

SANDWICH ISLANDS.

The following particulars respecting the present state of the Sandwich Islands, have been published as a communication from the captain of an American vessel who lately visited them on a whaling voyage. They furnish another proof to the many on record of the blessed effects of Christianity even on the temporal condition of mankind.

"The Sandwich Islands are now becoming a place of great commerce, and the natives are making rapid strides towards civilization. From the frequent visits they have had of late years from Americans and English, they are daily assuming our manners and customs, and forsaking their own. No longer is seen the bow or the spear—no more is heard the shrill sound of the war conch, or the shrieks of the victim prepared for sacrifice. Superstition is done awayidolatry has ceased: the church-going bell' is now heard to break on the stillness of the Sabbath, and the cheering rays of Christianity have already begun to beam on these children of nature. There are now residing amongst them several of the Missionary Society from the United States, with their wives and families; by whom a school is kept, and a number of the rising generation are taught the arts of reading, writing, drawing, &c. which, together with the exemplary conduct of all the society, and the moral and religious precepts delivered by the Rev. Mr. Bingham and the Rev. Mr. Thurston in the church,

are dally Increasing amongst the natives a high sense of moral rectitude. Since the commencement of the year 1821, no less than twenty-eight ships and brigs have visited these islands for the purpose of trade, or procuring supplies. The natives themselves are now the owners of ten square-rigged vessels, none less than 120 tons, besides a number of schooners and sloops, all of which they keep constantly going from island to island with sandal wood, provisions, &c. They are principally manned by natives, who manage them with skill and regular. fty. While Captain Gardner remained at Woahoo, one of their vessels arrived from a voyage to Kamtschatka; she was commanded by a White man, but manned entirely by natives. For a quantity of salt which she carried to the Governor of Kamtschatka, she brought in return a quantity of dried salmon, cordage, canvas, cutlery, &c. The Governor also made his Owhyheean Majesty a present of a large track of land, and sent him a deed of it. They are pleased with the success of the voyage, and will soon undertake another."

LIST OF NEW PUBLICATIONS.

THEOLOGY.

The Morning and Evening Sacrifice, or Prayers for Private Persons and Faamilies, Post 8vo. 10s, 6d.

Biblical Fragments. Vol. II.; by M. A. Schimmelpenninck. 8vo. 7s. 6d,

The Use and Abuse of Party Feeling in Matters of Religion, considered in Eight Sermons; by R. Whately, M. A. 8vo. 7s. 6d.

An Apology for the Pastoral System of the Clergy; by J. H. Brooke Mountain, A. M. 1s. 6d.

Illustrative Replies, in the Form of Essays, to the Questions proposed by the Right Rev, Herbert Marsh, Bishop of Peterborough, to Candidates for Holy Orders. 68. 6d.

A Summary of Christian Faith and Practice, confirmed by References to the Text of Holy Scripture; by the Rev. E. J. Burrow, D.D. F.R. and L. S, 3 vols. 12mo. 21s.

The Imitation of Christ; by Thomas a Kempis. Translated from the Latin, by J. Payne With an Introductory Essay, by T. Chalmers, D. D. 12mo. 4s, The Country Curate's Offering to his Parishioners, consisting of Eight VilJage Sermons. 12mo. 3s.

An Examination of the Remonstrance addressed to the Bishop of St. David's, with Answers to Captain Gifford's Questions to Trinitarians; by a Trinitarian. SYO. 81,

A Sermon, preached at Ramsgate Chapel, in aid of the Subscription for the Relief of the Irish Sufferers; by the Rev. T. Boys, M. A. 1s. 6d.

Plain Sermons upon the relative Du. ties of the Poor; byArthurEvans,M.A. 4s.

MISCELLANEOUS.

A Speech delivered by the Rev. Dr. Chalmers, on the 24th of May, 1822, before the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, explanatory of the Measures which have been successfully pursued in St. John's Parish, Glasgow, for the Extinction of its Compulsory Pauperism. 8vo. 28.

Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, Courdestan, Ancient Babylonia, &c.; by Sir R. K. Porter. Vol. II. 4to. 41. 14s. 6d. A Voyage round Great Britain, by William Daniell, R. A. Vol. VI.

Switzerland; or a Journal of a Tour and Residence in that Country; by S. Simond. 2 vols, 8vo. 24s.

Travels in Syria and Mount Sinai; by the late John Lewis Burckhardt. 4to. 21. 8s.

Travels to Chili over the Andes, in 1920-21; by Peter Schmidtmeyer. Part I. 4to. 5s.

Zoology; or a General View of the Structure, Functions, and Classifications of Animals; by J. Fleming, D.D. 2 vols, 8vo. 218.

Edes Althorpiana; or an Account of the Mansion, Pictures, and Library of

Earl Spencer; by the Rev. T. F. Dibdin. 2 vols. 8vo.

The Life of the Rev. Thomas Scott, with copious Extracts from his Letters; by the Rev. John Scott. 8vo. 14s.

Lives of celebrated Persons who have died within the last six years. 6 vols. 8vo. 41. 10s.

The Scottish Cryptogamic Flora; by R. K. Greville. Royal 8vo. No. I. 4s. A Glossary of Words, Phrases, Names, and Allusions to Customs, Proverbs, &c. forming a necessary Supplement_to Johnson's Dictionary; by the Rev. Robert Nares, &c. 4to. 21. 158.

A few Hints on the Nature of Accent and Emphasis. 12mo. 6d.

Practical Hints on Composition in Painting; by J. Burnet. 4to. 128. Pestalozzi's Practical Geography, sacred, ancient, and modern; by P. H. Pullen, 8vo. 6s.

Remarks touching Geography; by Mela Britannicus. 10s. 6d.

The Chronicles of Erl; by O'Connor 2 vols. deiny 8vo. 278. royal, 35s.

An Encyclopædia of Gardening; by J. C. London, F. L. S. 8vo. 21. 10s. The Rudiments of Perspective; by P. Nicholson. 8vo. 14s.

An Account of the Steam Engine; by C. F. Partington. 8vo. 18s.

Essay on the Strength of Cast Iron ; by T. Tredgold. 8vo. 128.

Thoughts, chiefly on Serious Subjects; by W. Danby, Esq. 2 vols. 8vo. 128.

The Remains of Henry Kirke White, selected, with Prefatory Remarks; by Robert Southey, Esq. Vol. III. 8vo. 9s.

Songs of Zion; being Imitations of the Psalms; byJ.Montgomery. fcap. 8vo. 58.

Europe; or a General Survey of the present Situation of the principal Powers; by a Citizen of the United States. 8vo. 12s.

The present State of Chili, from the Report laid before Congress; by Judge Bland. 3s. 6d.

RELIGIOUS INTELLIGENCE.

GAELIC SCHOOL SOCIETY. THE Gaelic Society's Schools, we are happy to learn, now amount to seventy eight, containing 293 males, and 2,198 females. The expenditure for the year has been 2,5351. The further the Society have extended their labours into the interior of the Highlands, and the more intimately its agents have become acquainted with the local circumstances and peculiar disadvantages connected with the Islands, the more forcibly have they been convinced, that under the ordinary means of instruction, little could be effected for the instruction of the inhabitants.

"The circumstances of the Highlanders,” remarks the last Report, "have been peculiarly unfavourable for improvement. Originally the chain which bound the different members of the clans together was connected by the closest ties; and whatever advantages the chief enjoyed, circulated in some degree through every ramification of the tribe. The rents of the estate were then paid in men; and it was necessary, by a familiar communication through the whole, to preserve their attachment. The professed religion of the chief was the professed religion of the people; and as the chiefs adhered to the house of Stuart or Hanover, their followers be came with them Roman Catholics or

Protestants. A political apostacy from either side was immediately followed by a corresponding religious apostacy,→ if the name of religion could be applied to a profession which possessed so little of its true spirit. The abolition, about seventy years ago, of the heritable jurisdiction of the chiefs, dissolved this ancient bond of connexion; and as the personal services of the people ceased to be available to the aggrandizement of the chief, and the increasing communication with the Low Country introduced among the higher classes more of the wants and the comforts of civilized life, the income of land came to be changed from men to money. The people, however, remained; their habits, which, though frugal, were desultory, were but ill adapted to labour with persevering industry, even if the limited portion of soil which they continued to occupy, could, by any exertion, be rendered capable of producing a comfortable subsistence for such a comparatively crowded population. The chain of connexion which sustained them in an intimate relation with the higher classes being thus broken, and the people having no means of introducing or cultivating such principles of moral improvement as might raise them to a new and independent character, the consequence has been an almost total extinction, in

remote districts, of the means of Intellectual improvement, and of course of the knowledge of the Gospel."

Again: "There were, and still are, within the Highland districts, multitudes almost altogether excluded from the means of religions instruction. Separated into detached portions of from twenty to fifty families, few of these, in the remote glens or islands, hear more than five scrmons in a year; many of them only two; and some, such as the inhabitants of St. Kilda, are scarcely ever at all visited by any regular religious instructor. In almost the whole of that sequestered population, the Bible was a sealed book; for although transJated into Gaelic by the venerable Society for propagating Christian Know. Hedge, as the schools supported by that institution were confined chiefly to populous districts, and to teaching the English language, the Gaelic Bibles lay in the depôts unopened, and not unfrequently a single Bible was all that could be found in a large district. Any little religions knowledge which the people enjoyed was preserved principally by oral tradition, and by passages of the Scripture transmitted by memory from generation to generation."

"This deplorable state of ignorance has not been continued from penurionsness, or extraordinary perversion in the people; but has been occasioned and perpetuated chiefly by their extreme poverty. So strongly does their partiality for the spot of their nativity preponderate over almost every other feeling, that all the discomforts arising from an increased expense without any corresponding additional means of defraying it, are not sufficient to drive them from their hamlets in the glens, to the villages on the coast, where the means of maintenance might be more easily obtained. Even on the coasts, however, at such a distance from the capital and the enterprise of mercantile speculation, the inhabitants cannot always procure any thing like a comfortable subsistence; and not unfrequently is a portion of that time, which would otherwise be employed in school, occupied by the scholars in wandering along the sea-shore at the time of ebb, picking up a precarious meal from the fish and tangle thrown on the beach."

The conductors of the Society consider, “First, That the language which a person can be most easily tanght to read, is the language which he himself is accustomed to speak;

"Secondly, That the most desirable end to be attained by learning to read is to be able to read the Word of God; and,

"Thirdly, That wherever the people cannot come to the school, it is necessary to take the school to the people."

Under these circumstances the Socie ty established its circulating schools for teaching the population of the Highlauds and Islands to read the Word of God in their native tongue; and since their commencement, it has commumicated instruction to above eighteen thousand persons, who, bumanly speaking, could not otherwise have obtained that incalculably precious blessing. The limitation of the period of teaching in these schools has been found to have a powerful influence on the attendance of the pupils: and the intenseness with which many of them have applied themselves to the instructions of the teachers has been truly gratifying.

In consequence of the exertions of this institution, packages of Gaelic Bibles, which had for many years lain unopened, were unloosed; and so great has been the subsequent demand, that not only the whole of the copies which were then in the Highlands have been bought up, but also large quantities, which were lying in sheets in warehouses and stores, have been almost all expended, and there are now no less than four new editions nearly ready to issue from the press, a large number of which will be required to supply the demand. The fundamental principle of the Society is directed to communicating a knowledge of the Word of God; and the great increase of the sale of Bibles is, therefore, the best evidence that its labours have been successful. "It is to this result," add the Committee," and to the influence of Sabbath-schools, and not to the mere acquisition of the faculty of reading the Gaelic language, that we have to ascribe the great moral improvement which has been generally observed to pervade the sphere around the schools; and the Committee indulge the hope that the improvement will continue progressive, till the whole country exhibits an aspect of cleanliness, industry, and religious feeling, accordant with the natural intelligence and generous sentiments of this interesting people."

IRISH SOCIETY FOR EDUCATION
IN THE IRISH LANGUAGE.
This Society, established in Dublin in
1816, has now 47 stationary schools,

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