No LXXI. Verfe 1576. Παίδες γενόμενοι τέσσαρες, 1630. Four fons (hall fpring. 2 HERE Minerva, after foretelling the renown of Ion, proceeds to enumerate his four fons, from whom the four tribes of Athens are to be refpectively denominated. Herodotus' and Stephanus Byzantinus correfpond with our Poet in regard to the particular names of these four tribes, as derived from the fons of Ion: But Plutarch3 informs us, "that fome Hiftorians had recorded, that the tribes were not denominated from the fons of Ion, but from the original employments of mankind: The first, according to him, were called Hoplites, from their attachment to arms: The Ergades from their labours: The Teleontes, as Cultivators of the Ground, and the Ægicores as living among their flocks and herds. According to Strabo 4, Ion firft divided the multitude into four tribes, then into four occupations: For he conftituted the Farmers, the Artifs, the Priefts, and the · Μετὰ δὲ τε]ραφύλες ἔονίας ̓Αθηνάνες δεκαφύλες ἐποίησε, τῶν Ἴωνος παίδων Τελέοντος και Αιγικόρεος καὶ ̓Αργάλεω καὶ Οπληλος ἀπαλλάξας τὰς ἐπωνυμίας. (1. 5. c. 66.) 1 Φυλή παλαιὰ, μία τῶν τεσσάρων τῶν ἀπὸ Ἴωνος. Τέσσαρες δ ̓ ἐξ αὐτῶν, Αἰγικο ρεῖς, Εργαδεῖς, Τελέον τες, Ὁπλῖται ἡ φυλὴ τοίνυν Αἰγικοίς" (νος Αιγικόρεως.) 3 Καὶ τὰς φυλὰς εἰσὶν ὁι λέγοντες ἐκ ἀπὸ τῶν Ἴωνος ὑιῶν, ἀλλ ̓ ἀπὸ τῶν γενῶν εἰς ἃ διηρέθησαν οι βίοι τὸ πρῶτον ὠνομάσθαι, τὸ μὲν μάχιμον, ὁπλίτας, τὸ δ ̓ ἐργατικὸν, ἐργάδεις· δυεῖν δὲ τῶν λοιπῶν τελέοντας μὲν, τὰς γεωργός, ἀιγικορεῖς δὲ τὰς ἐπινομαῖς καὶ προβατείαις διατρίβονλας. (Solon. ed. Bryan, vol. 1. p. 199.) 4' Ὁ δὲ πρῶτον μὲν εἰς τέσσαρας φυλὰς διεῖλε τὸ πλῆθος, εἶτα εἰς τέσσαρας βίους τὰς μὲν γὰρ γεωργὸς ἀπέδειξε, τὰς δὲ δημιεργὺς, τὰς δὲ ἱεροποιὸς, τελάρους δὲ τὰς φύλακας. (L. 8. p. 588. ed. Janfon.) Guardians of the State. These names continued till the reign of Alcmæon, the laft King of Athens, according to Julius Pollux', which was in the third year of the third Olympiad But they remained, according to Herodotus 6, till after the expulfion of the Pisistratidæ, and till the time of Clifthenes, "who then changed them from the appellation of the four fons of Ion to the names of other native heroes." This must be fubfequent to the fourth year of the fixty fixth Olympiad, which was the æra when the Pififtratidæ were ejected; and Meurfius observes, that it makes a difference of two hundred and forty nine years from the account of Julius Pollux. (De Reg. Athen. 1. 2. c. 10.) N° LXXII. Verfe 1583. Κύκλαδας ἐποικήσεσι. Or in the Ifles 1636. Girt by th’Ægean sea. HERE Minerva foretells the future colonies, planted by the Defcendents of Ion in the islands of the Cyclades, or clufter of Islands in the Egean Sea, and on the maritime, and oppofite coafts of both the Continents of Europe and Afia. According to Vitruvius', "the Athenians from the re 5 ̓Απὸ δὲ τῶν Ἴωνος παίδων ἐπὶ Ἐρεχθέως, Τελέοντες, Οπληδες, Αιγικόρεις, Αρ γάδεις, ἐπὶ δ' Αλκμαίωνος, δέκα ἐγένοντο. (L. 8. c. 9. 1. 31.) 6 Ἐπιχωρίων δ' ἑτέρων ηρώων ἐπωνυμίας ἐξευρών. (L. 5. c. 66.) Athenienfes ex refponfis Apollinis Delphici communi confilio totius Hellados tredecim colonias uno tempore in Afiam deduxerunt; ducemque in Sngulis coloniis conftituerunt: & fummam imperii partem Ioni, Xuthi & Creufæ filio, dederunt. (1. 4. c. 1.) See alfo Meurfius, De Reg. Athen. 1. 3. c. 10.) sponses 2 3 "sponses of the Delphick Apollo, with the common confent of all Hellas, led at one time thirteen colonies into Afia, and appointed a leader over each colony; but entrusted the chief command to Ion, fon of Xuthus and Creufa, whom Apollo at Delphi declared by his Oracle to be his own fon." Velleius Paterculus relates, "that the lonians under their leader Ion departing from Athens took poffeffion of the nobleft part of the maritime region, now called lonia, and founded cities, whofe names he proceeds to mention." Our Poet in his Prologus has before made Mercury call Ion "the founder of the Afiatick territory." Thucydides *, Ifocrates, and other Authors confirm the teftimony of Euripides as to the establishment of the Afiatick Colonies of the lonians, planted by the Athenians; and Herodotus gives a particular account of the Ionian cities. Strabo alfo afferts, "that Attica happened to increase fo extremely in the multitude of inhabitants, that they sent a colony of Ionians into the Peloponnefe, and made the country, which they occupied, to be called Ionia, instead of Ægialeia; and instead of Ægialenses, the inhabitants, divided into twelve cities, were denominated Ionians: After the return of the Heraclidæ, thefe, being ex 7 6 * Iones, duce Ione profecti Athenis, nobiliffimam partem regionis maritimæ occupavere. (1. 1. c. 1.) 3 Κτίσορ ̓ Ασίαδος χθονός. (V. 74.) 6 L. I. c. 142 to 149. 7 Οὕτω δὲ πολυανδρῆσαι τὴν χωρὰν συνέπεσε τότε, ὥτε καὶ ἀποικίαν τῶν Ιώνων ἔσειλαν εἰς Πελοπόννησον Ἀθηναῖοι, καὶ τὴν χώραν ἣν κάτεσχον, ἐπώνυμον ἑαυτῶν ἐποιήσαν, Ἰωνίαν ἀντ ̓ Αιγιαλείας κληθεῖσαν· οἵ τε ἄνδρες ἀντὶ ̓Αγιαλέων Ιωνες προσηγορεύθησαν, εἰς δώδεκα πόλεις μερίσθεντες· Μετὰ δὲ τῶν Ἡρακλειδῶν κάθοδον, ὑπ ̓ ̓Αχαιών ἐξελαθέντες, ἐπανῆλθον πάλιν εἰς ̓Αθήνας· ἐκεῖθεν δε μετὰ τῶν Κοδριδών ἔσειλαν τὴν Ιωνικὴν ἀποικίαν εἰς τὴν ̓Ασίαν· ἔκλισαν δὲ δώδεκα πόλεις ἐν τῇ παραλίᾳ τῆς Καρίας καὶ τῆς Λυδίας· εἰς τόσαυτα μέρη διελόντες σφᾶς, ὅσα καὶ ἐν τῇ Πελοπον how xatîixon. (L. 8. p. 588. ed. Janfon.) pelled pelled by the Achæans, returned to Athens: Hence in company with the Codride they led an Ionick Colony into Afia, and founded twelve cities on the maritime coaft of Caria and Lydia, dividing themselves into as many parts as they originally occupied in the Peloponnefe." 1588. Ιωνες ὀνομασθέντες. 1640. Ionians, from the honour'd Ion call'd. THE title of Ionians is here faid to be derived from the Ion of the Play; but this appellation has been fuppofed with great probability to have had a different origin of a far more remote antiquity: And it appears, that the name was originally very extenfive from the most undoubted teftimony. We learn from Herodotus ', "that the Athenians were for a time called Ionians from Ion, Son of Xuthus, the Leader of their armies: And that the Ionians of the Peloponnefe2 before the arrival of Danaus and Xuthus were called the Agiales, or the Maritime Pelargi, as the Greeks afferted; but afterwards Ionians from Ion, the fon of Xuthus: According to him however "the Athenians rejected this ap 3 * Ιωνος δὲ τῷ Ξάθε τρατάρχες γενομένει ̓Αθηνάιοισι ἐκλήθησαν ἀπὸ τέτε Ιωνες. (L. 8. c. 44.) Πρὶν ἢ Δαναόν τε καὶ Εὔθον ἀπικέσθαι ἐς Πελοπόννησον, ὡς Ἕλληνες λέγεσι, ἐκαλέον ο Πελασγοί Αιγιαλέες· ἐπὶ δε Ἴωνος τῷ Ξέθω, Ἴωνες. (1. 7. C. 94•) 3. Οἱ μὲν νῦν ἄλλοι "Ιωνες καὶ ̓Αθηναῖοι ἔφυγον τὄνομα, ο βουλόμενοι Ιωνες κεκλῆσθαι· ἀλλὰ καὶ νῦν φαίνονταί μοι οι πολλοὶ ἀυλέων ἐπαισχύνεσθαι τῷ ὀνόματι· ὡς δε δυώδεκα πόλιες αὗται τῷ τε ονόματι ἠγάλλοντο καὶ ἱρὸν ἱδρύσαντο, ἐπίπε σφέων αυτέων τὔνομα ἔθεντο Πανιώνιον ἐβυλεύσαντο δε αυτῇ μεταδώναι μηδαμοῖσιν ἄλλοισι Ιώνων. (L. Ι. 6. 1+3.) pellation, 4 pellation, as well as the other Ionians in Græce, and were most of them in his time afhamed of it: But the twelve cities of the Ionians themselves in Afia gloried in the appellation, erected a temple, and impofed on themselves the common name of Panionium; of which they were willing that none but the Ionians themselves fhould participate." Strabo * also afferts, "that the Ionick Dialect was the fame with the ancient Attick, and that the Athenians were formerly called Ionians: Hence are derived the Ionians inhabiting Afia who now make ufe of the Ionick tongue, as it is called: In another place he informs us, "that Attica was formerly called Ionia and Ias, and that Homer, when he mentions the Iaones, means the Athenians.” Paufanias ° relates, " that Selinus, King of Ægialus, gave his only daughter Helice in marriage to Ion, and adopted him as his fon and fucceffor in the government: That after the death of Selinus he there reigned, founded a city in Egialus of the name of Helice derived from his Wife, and called the nation Ionians from himself: This however was no exchange of name, but only an addition; for they were called the Ægialenfes Ionians." He afterwards adds, "that the Defcendents of Ion retained the 6 4 Τὴν μὲν Ἰάδα τῇ παλαίᾳ Ατθίδι τὴν αὐτὴν φάμεν· καὶ γὰρ Ἴωνες ἐκαλῶν οἱ τοῖε ̓Αττικὸν, καὶ ἐκεῖθεν εἰσιν οἱ τὴν ̓Ασίαν ἐποικήσανες Ιωνες καὶ χρησάμενοι τῇ νῦν λεγομένη γλώττη Ιάδι. (L. 8. p. 513. ed. Janfon.) 5 Ἡ γὰρ Ατικὴ τὸ παλαιὸν Ιωνία καὶ Ἴας ἐκαλεῖτο καὶ ὁ Ποιητὴς ὅταν φῇ, Ενθάδε Βοιωλοὶ καὶ Ιάονες, Τὺς ̓Αθηναίως λέγει. (L. 9. p. 6οι.) 6 Ο Σελινᾶς τὴν θυγατέρα Ελίκην, ή μονὴ οἱ παῖς ἦν, γυναῖκα αυτῷ διδὸς, καὶ αὐτὸν Ιωνα ἐπὶ τῇ ἀρχῇ παῖδα ποιέμενος. Καὶ τῶν Αιγιαλέων τὴν ἀρχὴν Ιων είλεν ἀποθανόνος Σελινῶντος· καὶ Ελίκην τε ἀπὸ τῆς γυναικὸς ᾤκισεν ἐν τῷ ̓Αιγιαλῶ πόλιν, καὶ τὰς ἀνθρώπες Ιωνας ἐκάλεσεν ἀφ ̓ αυτω. Τῶτο ἐ μεταβολὴ τῷ ὀνόματος, προσθήκη δε σφίσιν ἐγένετο. Αἰγιαλεῖς γὰρ ἐκαλέο Ἴωνες. Αἰγιαλεῖς γὰρ ἐκαλέοο Ιωνες» (Ιω. 7. C. I. P. 522. ed. Kuhn.) fovereignty |