use. The etymon "jaws-harp," so called because Richardson quotes" Jews-harp" from Hakluyt's This instrument was also known by the name of "Jews-trump." The Editor has furnished reference to a previous communication in N. & Q, 4th S. ix. 180, but has omitted a much more important reference to information given on the subject by the late DR. RIMBAULT in 1st S. i. 277. EVERARD HOME COLEMAN. 71, Brecknock Road. Miscellaneous. NOTES ON BOOKS, &c. The Complete Works of Geoffrey Chaucer. Edited by the Rev. Walter W. Skeat, Litt. D. Vols. V. and VI. (Oxford, Clarendon Press.) So far as the announced intention of Prof. Skeat at the outset of his task is concerned, his edition of Chaucer is now in the hands of the public. It is pleasant, how ever, to hear that an extra volume we were among the first to counsel, containing works hitherto ascribed to Chaucer or included in general editions of his works, makes it masculine, and that " Joce," needed as a rhyme to "Croce," is a Breton saint (Latin name Judocus) who died in A.D. 669. In some cases Prof. Skeat cracks the hardest of philological nuts, as when he reveals that Atazir or Atacir, long a crux, is the Spanish spelling of the Arabic "Al-tasir," influence. What, however, is more surprising is the amazing range of reading that is shown, covering, as it appears, almost the entire range of medieval knowledge. Prof. Skeat had for predecessors Tyrwhitt and Wright, both men of vast scholarship. One is pleased to read the handsome tribute to Tyrwhitt which is paid in the sixth volume, wherein the professor speaks of "the honoured name of Thomas Tyrwhitt, whose diligence, sagacity, and discrimination have never been surpassed by any critic," and to whom full acknowledgment of indebtedness is made. To other and more recent scholars Prof. Skeat owns obligation. These include not only Englishmen-such as Dr. Alexander J. Ellie, Dr. Furnivall, Dr. Sweet, &c. - but Americans--such as Prof. F. J. Child, of Harvard ColProf. B. ten Brink. For some German dealings with lege, Cambridge, Massachusetts-and others, led off by English subjects Prof. Skeat has no special admiration, and some of the conjectures of Dr. Reinhold Pauli in his edition of the Confessio Amantis' of Gower are spoken of with levity. Especially remunerative to the student is the portion of the introduction now supplied in which Prof. Skeat shows at length and illustrates the principles of pronunciation, not until recently fully understood. The glossary is marvellously elaborate, and will, at need, go far to supply the place also of a concordance. Wherever we turn, indeed, we find proofs of the editor's conscientiousness, capacity, and zeal. That the work now so happily completed will be final may not be said. It is possible, perhaps desirable, that the information herein given to the world may in a further edition be otherwise disposed. However this may be, new editions of Chaucer will be founded upon this and help to establish its fame as one of the most monumental editions of an English classic that English scholarship has supplied. Dictionary of National Biography. Edited by Sidney Lee. Vol. XLI. Nichols-O'Dugan. (Smith, Elder & Co.) No single name of primary importance and but few that can be held to come into the second rank stand out in will be published as a supplementary volume. The two volumes now given consist of the notes to The Canterbury Tales, which constitute the whole of vol. v., and an introduction, glossary, and indexes comprised in vol. vi. Quite impossible is it to convey an idea of the the latest volume of the Dictionary of National Bioamount of information, curious, quaint, diversified,graphy.' The latter portion is, indeed, as may be supfelicitous, contained in these concluding volumes. There posed, principally made up of Irishmen. Of Norrises, are a few students, perhaps, who know what a delightful Norths, Nortons, and Nugents there are many, but the work in its day was Thomas Warton's edition of the O'Briens, the O'Connells, and the O'Donnells surpass minor poems of Milton. Over men of studious tastes it them in number. Daniel O'Connell, the Liberator, is, exercised a marvellous fascination, and its notes and on the whole, the most interesting figure in the volume, parallel passages might be read with unflagging interest and the life by Mr. Robert Dunlop is the more welcome and delight. The present edition of Chaucer inspires inasmuch as no full, unprejudiced, and trustworthy bioa kindred gratification. To extract the "substanficgraphy is in existence. Mr. Dunlop writes judiciously marrow " of the professor's criticism is not, as in the case of Warton, to Revel in delights Beyond the bliss of dreams. None the less, the task is pleasant as well as profitable. The student alone will be able, with the companion volume open before him, to "worry" through the whole from beginning to end. With no leisure for so conscientious a labour, we have yet turned to the fifth volume a score times, and invariably with great gain. Absolutely astounding is the display of erudition. In points of philological interest the reader is prepared to learn much, and is thankful for the caution that the sun was probably still feminine in English in Chaucer's time, as it still is in German, Dutch, and Icelandic, that Chaucer, identifying it with Phoebus, commonly and well. Of O'Connell's early career he gives a vivacious account, stating that when, after being driven in 1793 by the Republicans from the English college of St. Omer, he declared himself almost a Tory at heart, he was nearer the truth, perhaps, than he thought. The difficulties with Peel are treated in a generous spirit, and the final collapse of O'Connell under the attacks of the party of Young Ireland is sympathetically depicted. Two of O'Connell's sons find also a place in the volume, Morgan O'Connell and John O'Connell, Morgan, who died in 1885, was during some years a conspicuous figure in London. We were always under the impression that his name was Morgan John O'Connell. Next, perhaps, in interest to O'Connell is Titus Oates, the perjurer, of whose infamous career Mr. Seccombe gives a luminous account. The editor has comparatively little share in the volume, his chief contributions consisting of Sir Edward, Sir Henry, and Sir John Norris, and George Frederick Nott. In Nott's edition of Surrey and Wyatt, which to the general reader constitutes his chief claim, Mr. Lee finds throughout a want of literary taste. Nott is also charged with assuming unwarrantably that "nearly all Surrey's poems were addressed to the Lady Geraldine." Of the three Norrises dealt with by Mr. Lee, Sir John, the determined enemy of the Spanish, "One of the most successful and brilliant soldiers of his day," was also, Mr. Lee holde, "incapable as a diplomatist, and prone to dissipate his energy in futile wrangling with colleagues it was his duty to conciliate." The only biographies by Mr. Leslie Stephen we have traced are of John Norris, of Bemerton, divine and poet, and Marianne North, the flower painter. A very sympathetic notice is afforded of Miss North, who is credited with "singular charm of character." In the life of Francis Oates, the naturalist and traveller, by Mr. Boase, one of the most competent of contributors, Oates is said to have been of Meanwoodside, Yorkshire. Should not "near Leeds" have been inserted? We omitted in Mr. Lee's contributions to mention Thomas Norton, poet and lawyer, the associate of Sackville in the production of Gorboduc.' Mrs. Norton, the poet, is in charge of Dr. Garnett, who holds that the story of her wrongs contributed greatly to the amelioration of the laws respecting the protection of female earnings. Prof. Laughton finds few naval heroes with whom to deal, but there are a good many artists, of whom Mr. Cust and Mr. Graves take charge. Nollekens and Northcote are among the most important. Among those who supply lives of men of social, or political, or legal prominence are Mr. Courtney, who is responsible, among others, for Sir Nicholas Harris Nicolas, and Robert Nugent, politician and poet; Mr. Russell Barker, who sends William Smith O'Brien; and Mr. Rigg, with Noy, Attorney-General to Charles I. Mr. Tedder deals with the life of Julian Notary and that of John Gough Nichols. Mr. G. A. Aitken writes on John Nichols of the Progresses.' Mr. Frederick Norgate deals with his namesake and presumable ancestor, Thomas Stanley Norgate. Nicol, the Scottish poet, and Nicol, the friend of Burns, are in the safe hands of Mr. Thomas Bayne. The Rev. William Hunt deals principally with medieval times. Poor Capt. Nolan of Balaclava was entrusted to the late H. Manners Chichester. Canon Venables, Mr. Fitzpatrick, Miss Lee, Dr. Norman Moore, and Mr. Walter Rye are also valuable contributors. Miss Lucy Toulmin Smith talks of Dr. Brinsley Nicholson as an occasional contributor to N. & Q.' We should rather have described him as a frequent contributor. Hannele: a Dream Poem. By Gerhart Hauptmann. Translated by William Archer. (Heinemann.) IT is a mistake to class this dramatic poem with the ordinary products or dotations of the Independent Theatre. With these it has little or nothing in common except the sordidness of the setting, and this seems but the ring of darkness which naturally closes round and environs any great light. The story, so Mr. Archer states, has been decried in Germany as sickly piety and in New York as awful blasphemy; it has been derided by M. Francisque Sarcey as sheer puerility, and condemned by M. Zola as on "a comparatively low artistic plane on account of the large part played by mere mechanism in the production of the effect." Not having witnessed a stage performance, we cannot judge as to the manner in which the supernatural effects are capable of arrangement. The story itself appears to us pure, imaginative, touching, exquisite, with nothing more at which to carp than there is in the deaths of children in Dickens or in Mrs. Beecher Stowe. Driven to absolute despair by the cruelty of a drunken stepfather, Hannele, a peasant child-nurtured in beliefs blending together, after a fashion with which the folklorist is familiar, superstitions Christian, pagan, it might almost be added universalhas attempted suicide. Saved from drowning, but with the frail life poised for departure, she lies in the poorhouse attended by a Sister of Mercy. So lying she is visited by visions. Now it is her father who menaces her with further chastisement; now her mother, long dead, who calls her to herself. She sees angels, who dress her in radiant attire, and bring for her a crystal coffin. She hears celestial harmonies and inhales ravishing odours. She is all but nubile, and the man who has been her hero, her god, blends with her dream. When the bright visions fade she is left a poor ragged corpse, over which bends the Sister of Mercy, while the doctor, for whom there is no more use, prepares for departure. If this is blasphemy we are astray as to the meaning of the word, and all who would bring the promise of a new and better world to lighten the gloom of this are blasphemers. Mr. Archer's translation of the dream seems admirable, and the whole, if psychologically a little daring, is to us reverend, human, beautiful. How it would bear stage interpretation before an English public it is difficult to say. In Germany it has had a conspicuous success. In this country, however, with the views as to art that prevail, an ignorant and blatant minority may easily mar the fortunes of a piece it fails to understand. There are few readers of imagination who will be content with a single perusal. sellers, by James Clegg (Rochdale, Clegg; London, The International Directory of Second-Hand BookStock), has added to its title the words "and Bibliophile's Manual." It contains, indeed, much informa tion of interest to book lovers. A large portion is now devoted to public libraries, embracing now the libraries of the civilized world. Lists of booksellers in Australasia, South Africa, South and Central America appear for the first time. There are lists, also, of bibliographical works of reference and learned societies and institutions, an enlarged glossary, and other noteworthy features. Notices to Correspondents. We must call special attention to the following notices: ON all communications must be written the name and address of the sender, not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith. We cannot undertake to answer queries privately. To secure insertion of communications correspondents must observe the following rule. Let each note, query, or reply be written on a separate slip of paper, with the signature of the writer and such address as he wishes to appear. Correspondents who repeat queries are requested to head the second communication "Duplicate," Contributors will oblige by addressing proofs to Mr. Slate, Athenæum Press, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C. CECIL CLARKE ("Catawaul").-Look in a dictionary -N. E. D.,' for instance-under "Caterwaul," and you will find it is to make a noise like a cat. Origin, "cat" and “waul." NOTICE. Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The Editor of Notes and Queries'"-Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher"-at the Office, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C. We beg leave to state that we decline to return communications which, for any reason, we do not print; and ❘ to this rule we can make no exception. 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