The Families of the Monocotyledons: Structure, Evolution, and Taxonomy

aceae actinomorphic Africa Alismatales Alismatiflorae anatropous anthers apex apical Asia Asparagales axile basally base bisexual bracts branches capsule carpels ceae Centrolepidaceae consists corm cotyledon Cyperaceae Cyperales dehiscent dicotyledons Dioscoreales distichous distributed elongate Embryo sac formation endosperm endosperm formation epidermis epigynous families female flowers filaments fleshy floral fruit fused genera genus globose grasses groups hairs helobial herbs hypogynous inflorescence inner tepals integument Iridaceae Juncaceae lacking lamina layer leaf leaves Liliales linear lobes locule longitudinal section mainly male flowers Microsporogenesis monocotyledons nucellar occur Orchidaceae orchids outer ovary ovules paracytic parietal cell perianth perigone petaloid petiolate phytomelan pistil placentation plants Poaceae pollen grains Polygonum Type present raphides rarely rhizome roots seeds septal nectaries sheath silica bodies sometimes spathe species spikelets stamens staminodes starch stem stigma stomata style subfamily subtended sulcate tapetum taxa tepals tion transverse Tribus trilocular trimerous tropical tube Typhales unilocular unisexual usually variable vessels whorl