delay and appear before Him; should he not obey, His Majesty ordered D'Aulnay to seize the person of the said La Tour, take an inventory of his effects, and intrust the forts he had held to persons who were faithful and well disposed to the service of the King. Signed, Louis, and below, Bouthillier. (Archives of the marine, Official Memoirs, vol. v. p. 123.)

On the 27th of February, 1641, a meeting was held at Paris of stockholders in the special Company of New France, in which the cardinal De Richelieu was interested for a sixth part. It was at that time declared, that, for the six years past, D'Aulnay had often exposed his life in taking and defending forts against the English; and, in con

chelle, though I know not why, and had there married one of the Queen's maids of honor. As a consequence of this, he became a Knight of the Garter; and, whether he had already made engagements with the Court in prejudice of his duty, or that his new dignity required them, certain it is, that he promised the King of Great Britain to put the English in possession of the post his son occupied in Acadie. On this assurance two ships of war were assigned him, in one of which he embarked with his new spouse.

'Arrived in view of Cape Sable, he left the ship, and went to his son, alone. To him he displayed the credit he had acquired at the Court of London, and the advantages that might accrue from it. He added, that it depended on his son only to obtain as great; that he was empowered to offer him the Order of the Garter, and to confirm him in his government, if he would declare for His Britannic Majesty. The young commander was equally surprised and shocked at this proposal, and plainly told his father, that he had deceived himself if he supposed his son capable of delivering up his post to the enemies of the State; that he would preserve it for the King his Master as long as he had a breath of life; that he highly appreciated the honor which the King of England seemed ready to confer on him, but would not purchase it at the price of treason; that the Prince whom he served was sufficiently powerful to reward him in such manner as to compensate his refusal of the offers made him; and that, in all events, his conscious fidelity would be a reward.

'The father, on receiving an answer so unexpected, returned on board the ship, whence he wrote, the next day, to his son, in terms most tender and pressing, but to no effect. Finally, he informed him that it was in his power to obtain by force what his entreaties had failed to procure; that, when he had disembarked his troops, repentance for rejecting these offered benefits would come too late; and he counselled him, as his father, not to oblige him to treat a son as an

enemy.

'These threats were as useless as the solicitations and promises had been. La Tour, the father, prepared now to execute them; and the English, having made their approaches, the young commander defended himself so well that, at the end of two days, the English general, who had expected no resistance whatever, and had already lost several of his best soldiers, judged proper to desist from obstinately continuing the siege. This he told La Tour, the father, who was greatly embarrassed. For he dared not return to England, much less to France; and the only remaining course was, to seek the clemency of his son.

'He opened the subject to his wife, and told her, that he had felt assured he could make her happy in America; but since his ill fortune had overturned his

sideration of his services, they assigned to him the portion of a seventh, which was accepted in his name by his father, René de Menou. This resolution, contained in an act passed in presence of Beaufort and his colleague, notaries at the Castle, makes mention of the generosity, experience and good conduct of D'Aulnay.

The cardinal's share was intrusted to D'Aulnay, to dispose of it as he judged fit, in order to sustain a seminary for the natives, and to advance the glory of GoD in New France, agreeably to the intentions of His Eminence.' This act was passed at Paris, February 9th, 1642, in presence of Chappelain and Plâtrier, notaries. D'Aulnay, who had come to Paris on the affairs of his government, ac

prospects, he could not require her to live discontented there, but gave her full liberty to return to her family. The lady replied that she had not married her husband to desert him; that wherever he chose to conduct her, and in whatever situation he might be, she would always be his faithful companion, and place all her happiness in soothing his disappointments. La Tour, charmed and melted by so great generosity, applied to his son that he might be permitted to remain in Acadie.

'The young man answered that he was not willing to expose his father's head on an English scaffold; that he would willingly give him an asylum; but that he would not permit either him or his wife to enter the fort; yet that he would engage his word, that they should want for nothing. This condition appeared somewhat hard, but submission to it was needful. With allowance of the English general, the fond couple disembarked with all their effects, having two servants and two chamber-women, and the ships took their course to England. The young La Tour had a convenient house built for his father, in a fertile spot, with a pleasant prospect, not far from his fort, and assumed the care of maintaining his family. The Sieur Denys reports, in his Description of North America, that he saw them there in 1635, and that they were in good circumstances.'-Charlevoix, Hist. de la N. Fr., v. i. pp. 408-10.

1 René de Menou, knight, King's esquire, and of the council of State, and privy-councillor, was eldest son of Francis, who first took the title of lord of Charnisay, and who was ancestor of that branch-being son of René, lord of Boussay, an estate, that, for five hundred years, descended in the family from father to son.

This nobleman enjoyed much of the confidence of Richelieu, and of Louis XIII. By the death of his elder brothers he became lord of Charnisay, principal heir of both his father and mother, and guardian of his younger brothers. On the 27th of February, 1641, at a meeting of associates of the special Company of New France, he is said to have strongly supported his son, Charles de Menoud'Aulnay, then in America; and accepted his appointment, in his behalf, March 8th, 1642. After the death of this son, he became guardian of his children, then minors; and, until the majority of the eldest of them, was intrusted by the King with the government of Acadie. On this occasion he addressed a communication, dated March 2d, 1651, to the governor and magistrates of Massachusetts. He died, May 10th, 1651, at Paris. [Preuves, p. 162, &c.] He had been appointed governor of the young Duke of Mayenne, was author of several military works, and of a Treatise, often reprinted, 'On the means of suppressing duelling, and banishing the vices which lead to it.'-[Id. ibid.]

cepted this cession, as well as that which was made to him of a portion of the rights held by the chevalier De Razilly, commodore of a squadron, from his late brother, commander in chief. This act, received at Tours, February 19th, 1642, by the notary, David, states that the donation was made on account of friendship and kindred, and in gratitude for the cares and labors which the said Charles de Menou had taken and suffered for the establishment, preservation and defense of Acadie, both in company with the deceased governor, De Razilly, and since his death.' A short time after, D'Aulnay purchased all the rights in Acadie, which the brothers De Razilly had possessed; and by subsequent arrangements he remained the only representative of the special Company of New France in the country; a position of importance at that time, which might have procured him a considerable fortune, had he been able to devote himself exclusively to his own affairs, and the material interests of the colony. Orders being sent him from France, requiring him to withdraw the command of fort Saint John from the Sieur De la Tour, declared a rebel by the decrees of Council, 9th of March, 1642, and 6th of March, 1644, (Archives of the kingdom,) D'Aulnay blockaded that fortress. La Tour applied for assistance to the Anglo-Americans of Boston. Four of their ships, equipped for war, and another from Rochelle, similarly fitted out, and manned by one hundred and forty protestants, sailed to attack D'Aulnay, who was obliged to retreat before a force so superior. He was pursued to Port Royal, where he defended himself bravely, and was enabled to drive them off after a bloody struggle. (HUBBARD, p. 482.) The death of Richelieu, who had created the colony and protected it, and the decease of Louis XIII., which placed France in the hands of a regency, reduced D'Aulnay to his personal resources for executing the King's orders. His expenditures had then arisen to 20,000 livres a month. (HAZARD, vol. i. p. 498.) Nevertheless, in avoiding all acts of direct hostility, he knew how, by his firmness and energy, to make himself respected by the Anglo-Americans; it is even recorded that he made himself dreaded by them. (HUBBARD, p. 487; HUTCHINSON, p. 133.) The conduct of the governor was the subject of a public protest on the

part of many of the most distinguished inhabitants of the country; and among them of Sir Richard Saltonstall HAZARD, Vol. i. p. 502; HUBBARD, p. 480; HUTCHINSON, p. 130); and an act of the General Commissioners of the Confederation interdicted the governors from permitting volunteers to go out armed against any foreign people, without express authority from the said general Commissioners. (HUBBARD, vol. ii. p. 21.)

A treaty, signed at Boston, October 8th, 1644, by one whom D'Aulnay furnished with competent powers, put an end to various negotiations, and neutralized the course which La Tour continued to pursue in the country. (HUBBARD, p. 487.) D'Aulnay besieged fort St. John, carried it by assault in April, 1645, and appointed a new commander. The garrison consisted of many English and other strangers. Some were pardoned, and others suffered the penalty of their rebellion. (Report of the Provost; Archives of the Marine.) An official letter of the queen, Anne of Austria, to D'Aulnay (Sept. 27, 1645) eulogizes his valor and his fidelity. (Archives of foreign affairs.) A letter of Louis XIV. is conceived in terms still more flattering, and announces to him that, in order to testify how much the courage and loyalty he had exhibited were appreciated by the King, he would send him as soon as possible a vessel fitted out completely,' &c. Signed, Louis, and beneath, De Lomenie. (Ibid.) [In the margin, Brienne.]

.

The people of Massachusetts still kept up intelligence with La Tour. D'Aulnay, in reprisal, seized their vessels, and received their protests with a spirit which Hubbard qualifies with the name of haughtiness. (P. 493, 494; HUTCHINSON, p. 135.) His firmness met success: the General Commissioners then ratified the convention of 1644. (Id. 493.) He was apprised by letter, that the lieutenantgovernor of Massachusetts [Dudley, in the margin], with major Dennison [sic] would soon visit him, with others. D'Aulnay preferred negotiating at Boston, and sent thither a person fully empowered, together with M. Louis, his secretary. A species of Report, extracted from the archives of Massachusetts, describes the manner in which they were treated. Hubbard, who was present, says: 'Their dismissal was as honorable as their reception, and

accompanied with all the respect that New England could manifest toward the lieutenant general of the King of France in Acadie.' (P. 496.) The governor sent to D'Aulnay, as a present, a rich travelling sedan, which had been made for the viceroy of Mexico, but was taken by an Anglo-American privateer. (Ibid. HUTCHINSON, p. 135.)

By letters-patent, dated February, 1647, Louis XIV. conferred on D'Aulnay the perpetual government of the country he had so well defended. In these it is declared, that it was in acknowledgment of his good and faithful services, and in order that a work so far advanced should, for the honor and dignity of the crown, be carried to perfection; that D'Aulnay had constructed four forts, had furnished them with sixty pieces of cannon, a sufficient number of men at arms, and all other things necessary; the whole at his own cost, with a vast expenditure, for which he had been obliged to contract loans; the condition of his own finances not having allowed the King to give assistance as he had desired. The letters-patent gave him power to do all that should be necessary for the conquest, peopling and preservation of the country, and all the King might do, were he there in person; they granted him the trade in furs, the lands, the mines of gold, silver, copper and other metals, and all these things for himself, his heirs, successors and assigns, on condition of doing homage for them to the King, in person or by a deputy. (Archives of the Marine.)

By papers which are preserved at the offices of the marine and of foreign affairs, many of which are from the hands of persons commissioned for the government of Acadie, it appears that D'Aulnay had expended more than 800,000 livres for the advancement of the colony, and that he had made great improvements there. Under his administration it enjoyed a profound calm and a growing prosperity, when he was taken away by death, on the 24th of May, 1650. On the day after, they solemnly buried him, in presence of all the officers, soldiers and inhabitants of Port Royal, on the right side in the nave of the church he had caused to be built, and where already one of his children had been laid. (Letter from the chief missionary of Acadie.) This ecclesiastic, during the eleven years of his