are or may be necessary for the advancement of Commerce, and for the commercial interests of the trading subjects of either Crown. But it is expressly stipula cases of treason, contraband trade, and other crimes, for the detection of which provision is made by the law of the land, that law shall be enforced, it being mutually declared that false and malicious acted, that Consuls, of whatsoever class they cusations are not to be admitted as pre- may be, shall not be acknowledged nor texts or excuses for vexatious visits and received, nor permitted to act as such, unsearches, or for examinations of commer- less duty qualified by their own Sovereign cial books, papers or accounts, which and approved of by the other Sovereign visits or examinations are never to take in whose dominions they are to be emplace, except under the sanction of the ployed: Consuls of all classes within the competent Magistrate, and in the presence dominions of each of the High Contractof the Consul of the nation to which the ing Parties are respectively to be placed accused party may belong, or of his de- upon a footing of perfect reciprocity and puty or representative.VIII. His equality; and being appointed solely for Royal Highness the Prince Regent of Por- the purpose of facilitating and assisting tugal engages in his own name, and in that in affairs of commerce and navigation, of his heirs and successors, that the com- they are only to possess the privileges merce of British subjects within his domi- which belong to their station, and which nions shall not be restrained, interrupted, are recognised and admitted by all Goor otherwise affected by the operation of vernments as necessary for the due fulany monopoly, contract, or exclusive pri- filment of their office and employment. vileges of sale or purchase whatsoever, but They are in all cases, whether civil or that the subjects of Great Britain shall criminal, to be entirely amenable to the have free and unrestricted permission to laws of the country in which they may buy and sell from and to whomsoever, and reside, and they are also to enjoy the full in whatever form or manner they may and entire protection of those laws so please, whether by wholesale or by re-long as they conduct themselves in obeditail, without being obliged to give any preference or favour in consequence of the said monopolies, contracts, or exclusive privileges of sale or purchase. And his Britannic Majesty does on his part en gage to observe faithfully this principle thus recognized and laid down by the two High Contracting Parties. But it is to be distinctly understood, that the present article is not to be interpreted as invalidating or affecting the exclusive right possessed by the Crown of Portugal within its own dominions to the farm for the sale of ivory, Brazil wood, urzela, diamonds, gold dust, gun-powder, and tobacco in the form of snuff: provided however, that should the above-mentioned articles, generally or separately, ever become articles of free commerce within the dominions of his Royal Highness the Prince Regent of Portugal, the subjects of his Britannic Majesty shall be permitted to traffic in them as freely and on the same footing as those of the most favoured nation. IX. His Britannic Majesty and his Royal Highness the Prince Regent of Portugal have agreed and resolved, that each of the High Contracting Parties shall have the right to nominate and appoint Consuls General, Consuls, and Vice Consuls in all the ports of the dominions of the other Contracting Party, wherein they ence thereto.X. His Royal Highness the Prince Regent of Portugal, desiring to protect and facilitate the commerce of the subjects of Great Britain within his dominions as well as their relations of intercourse with his own subjects, is pleased to grant to them the privilege of nominating and having special Magistrates to act for them as Judges Conservator in those ports and cities of his dominions in which Tribunals and Courts of Justice are or may hereafter be established. These judges shall try and decide all causes brought before them by British subjects, in the same manner as formerly, and their authority and determination shall be respected; and the laws, decrees, and customs of Portugal respecting the jurisdiction of the Judge Conservator are declared to be recognised and renewed by the present Treaty.. They shall be chosen by the plurality of British subjects residing in or trading at the port or place where the jurisdiction of the Judge Conservator is to be established; and the choice so made shall be transmitted to his Britannic Majesty's Ambassador, or Minister resident at the Court of Portugal, to be by him laid before his Royal Highness the Prince Regent of Portugal, in order to obtain his Royal Highness's consent, and confirmation, in case of not obtaining which, the parties | pels, which his Royal Highness does now interested are to proceed to a new elec- and for ever graciously grant to them the tion, until the royal approbation of the permission of building and maintaining Prince Regent be obtained. The removal within his dominions: Provided however, of the Judge Conservator, in cases of neg. that the said churches and chapels shall lect of duty or delinquency, is also be be built in such a manner as externally effected by an application to his Royal to resemble private dwelling houses; and Highness the Prince Regent of Portugal also, that the use of bells be not permitted through the channel of the British Am- therein, for the purpose of publicly anbassador, or Minister resident at his nouncing the time of divine service: and Royal Highness's Court. In return for it is further stipulated, that neither the this concession in favour of British sub-subjects of Great Britain, nor any other jects, his Britannic Majesty engages to foreigners of a different communion from cause the most strict and scrupulous ob- the religion established in the dominions servance and obedience to be paid to those of Portugal, shall be persecuted or dislaws by which the persons and property quieted for conscience-sake, either in their of Portuguese subjects residing within his persons or property, so long as they condominions are, secured and protected, and duct themselves with order, decency, and of which they (in common with all other morality, and in a manner conformable to foreigners) enjoy the benefit through the the usages of the country, and to its Conacknowledged equity of British Jurispru- stitution in church and state; but if it dence, and the singular excellence of the should be proved that they preach or deBritish Constitution. And it is further claim publicly against the Catholic relistipulated, that in case any favour or pri-gion, or that they endeavour to make provilege should be granted by his Britannic Majesty to the subjects of any other State, which may seem to be analogous to, or to resemble the privilege of having Judge Conservators, granted by this article to British subjects residing in the Portuguese dominions, the same favour or privilege shall be considered as also grant-blished Catholic religion, shall be amenaed to the subjects of Portugal residing within the British dominions, in the same manner as if it were expressly stipulated by the present Treaty.XI. His Britannic Majesty and his Royal Highness the Prince Regent' of Portugal, agree severally to grant the same favours, honours, immunities, privileges, and exemptions from duties and imposts to their respective Ambassadors, Ministers, or accredited Agents at the Courts of each of them, and whatever favour either of the two Sovereigns shall grant in this particular at his own Court, the other Sovereign engages to grant the same at his Court. selytes or converts, the parties so offending may, upon manifestation of their delinquency, be sent out of the country in which the offence shall have been committed; and those who behave in public with disrespect or impropriety towards the forms and ceremonies of the esta ble to the civil police, and may be punished by fine or by confinement within their own dwelling houses. And if the offence be so flagrant and so enormous as to disturb the public tranquillity, or endanger the safety of the institution of church and state (as established by law), the parties so offending may, on due proof of the fact, be sent out of the dominions of Portugal.-Liberty shall also be granted to bury the subjects of his Britannic Majesty who may die in the territories of his Royal Highness the Prince Regent of Portugal, in convenient places to be appointed for that purpose; nor shall the funerals or XII. His Royal Highness the Prince Re- sepulchres of the dead be disturbed in gent of Portugal declares and engages, in anywise, nor upon any account. In the his own name and in that of his heirs and same manner the subjects of Portugal shall successors, that the subjects of his Britan- enjoy within all the dominions of his Brinie Majesty residing within his territories tannic Majesty, a perfect and unrestrained and dominions shall not be disturbed, liberty of conscience in all matters of retroubled, persecuted, or annoyed on ac- ligion, agreeably to the system of toleracount of their religion, but that they shall tion established therein. They may freely have perfect liberty of conscience therein, perform the exercises of their religion and leave to attend and celebrate divine publicly or privately within their own service to the honour of Almighty God, dwelling houses, or in the chapels and either within their own private houses, or places of worship appointed for that purin their own particular churches and cha-pose, without any the smallest hindrance, annoyance, or difficulty whatsoever, either and Asia, whether consigned to British or now or hereafter.- -XIII. It is agreed Portuguese subjects, on paying generally and covenanted by the high contracting and solely duties to the amount of fifteen parties, that packets shall be established per cent. according to the value which for the purpose of furthering the public shall be set upon them by a tariff or table service of the two Courts, and of facilitat of valuations, called in the Portuguese ing the commercial intercourse of their language pauta, the principal basis of respective subjects. A convention shall which shall be the sworn invoice cost of be concluded forthwith on the basis of that the aforesaid goods, merchandizes and arwhich was signed at Rio de Janeiro on the ticles, taking also into consideration (as, 14th day of September, 1808, in order to far as may be just or practicable) the cursettle the terms upon which the said rent prices thereof in the country into packets are to be established, which con-which they are imported. This tariff or vention shall be ratified at the same time valuation shall be determined and settled with the present Treaty.XIV. It is by an equal number of British and Portuagreed and covenanted, that persons guilty guese merchants of known integrity and of high treason, forgery, or other offences honour, with the assistance on the part of of a heinous nature, within the dominions the British merchants of his Britannic Maof either of the high contracting parties, jesty's Consul General, or Consul, and on shall not be harboured nor receive pro- the part of the Portuguese merchants with tection in the dominions of the other. the assistance of the Superintendant, or And that neither of the high contracting Administrator General of the Customs, or parties shall knowingly and wilfully receive into and entertain in their service persons, subjects of the other power deserting from the military service thereof, whether by sea or land; but that on the contrary they shall each respectively dis charge any such person from their service upon being required: but it is agreed and declared, that neither of the high contracting parties shall grant to any other state any favour on the subject of persons de-reckoned from the date of that exchange, serting from the service of that state, which And it shall be revised and altered if neshall not be considered as granted also to cessary, from time to time, either in the the other high contracting party, in the whole or in part, whenever the subjects same manner as if the said favour had of his Britannic Majesty, resident within been expressly stipulated by the present the dominions of his Royal Highness the treaty. And it is further agreed, that in Prince Regent of Portugal, shali make a cases of apprentices or sailors deserting requisition to that effect through the me from vessels belonging to the subjects of dium of his Britannic Majesty's Consul either of the high contracting parties while General or Consul, or whenever the within the ports of the other party, the trading and commercial subjects of PortuMagistrates shall be bound to give effec- gal shall make the same requisition on tual assistance for their apprehension, on their own part. (To be continued.) due application to that effect being made by the Consul General, or Consul, or by his Deputy or Representative; and that no public body, civil or religious, shall have the power of protecting such deserters. of their respective Deputies. And the aforesaid tariff or table of valuations shall be made and promulgated in each of the ports belonging to his Royal Highness the Prince Regent of Portugal, in which there are or may be Custom-houses. It shall be concluded, and begin to have effect as soon as possible after the exchange of the ratifications of the present Treaty, and certainly within the space of three months COBBETT'S Parliamentary Debates: XV. All goods, merchandizes, and arti- Published by R., BAGSHAW, Brydges-Street, Covent Garden :--Sold also by J. HUDD, COBBETT'S WEEKLY POLITICAL REGISTER. VOL. XVI No. 8.] LONDON, 'SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 1, 1810. [Price 18... 86 "I ever abominated that scheme of politics; (now about 30 years old) of setting up a menied interest in opposition to the landed. For I conceived, there could not be a truer maxim in our governmeat than this, that the possessors of the soil are the best judges of what is for the advantage of the kingdom. If others had thought the same way, funds of credit and South Sea projects would neither.. "have been felt nor heard of.”- SWIFT, 1720. 257] TO THE PUBLIC, This was the week for publishing 'the second Double Number of this Volume of the Register; but, in consequence of the increase of time that I have now upon my hands, and in the hope that I shall be able to employ that time with advantage to the public, I have determined upon the following alteration in the publication of day, as at present, and the other on the Wednesday; and, to discontinue, wholly the double numbers, except at the close of the Volumes, when a second sheet will PAPER AGAINST GOLD: BEING AN EXAMINATION OF THE [255. Report of the Bullion Committee: IN A SERIES OF LETTERS TO THE TRADESMEN AND FARMERS LETTER I. Appointment of the Bullion CommitteeMain points of the Report-Proposition for appellation of a thinking, people, we must shew the Bank to pay in two years--To merit the this work; that is to say; to publish Two SHEETS IN EVERY WEEK, one on the Satur-that our thinking produces knowledge-Go hack into the history of paper-money-Definition of money-Increase of paper-What is the cause of this increase?—Origin of the Bank of England How it came to pass that so much paper money got flott-Increase of bank-notes wanted to pay the increase of the interest on the National Debt-Progress in issuing bank-notes from 20 to 1 pounds--Suspicion awakened in 1797, which produced the stoppage of gold and silver payments at the Bank of England. be absolutely necessary for the insertion of published on the Wednesday after next; Gentlemen,. Committee, that is to say, ten or twelve During the last session of parliament, a members, of the House of Commons were appointed to inquire into the cause of the high price of Gold Bulion, that is, Gold not coined; and to take into consideration the state of the circulating medium, or money, of this country. This Committee have made a Report, as they call it, but, it is a great book that they have written, and have had printed; a book much-larger to the gentlemen who take the work, un-than the whole of the New Testament. Of enter into an Exaless a special direction be given to the this Report I intend to mination; and, as you have recently felt, and are still feeling, some of the effects of aill, of course, be sent, by the newsmen, chirary. K Paper-Money, I think it may not be amiss, if, upon this occasion, I address myself to you. I have introduced myself to you without any ceremony; but, before we part, we shall become well acquainted; and, I make no doubt, that you will understand the distinction between Paper Money and Gold-Money much too well for it to be in the power of any one ever again to deceive you; which understanding, will, in the times now fast approaching, be of great utility to all those amongst you, who may have the means of laying up money, however small the quantity may be. which, in my opinion will never be effected, unless those means include the destruction of the whole mass. Not so, however, think the Gentlemen of the Bullion Committee. They think, or, at least, they evidently wish to make others think, that it is possible to lessen the quantity of the paper-money, and to cause guineas to come back again and to pass from hand to hand as in former times; they would fain have us believe, that this can be done without the total destruction of the paper-money; and, indeed, they have actually recommended to the House of Commons to pass a law to The Committee above-mentioned, which, cause the Bank in Threadneedle Street, for brevity's sake, I call the Bullion Com- London, commonly called the Bank of mittee, sent for several persons, whom England, to pay its notes in real money, they examined as witnesses, touching the at the END OF TWO YEARS from this matters in question. There was SIR FRAN- time. Two years is a pretty good lease CIS BARING, for instance, the great loan- for people to have of this sort. This Bank maker, and GOLDSMID, the rich Jew, promises to pay, on demand. It does this whose name you so often see in the news-upon the face of every one of its notes; papers, where he is stated to give grand dinners to princes and great men. The Evidence of these, and other moneydealers and merchants, the Bullion Committee have had printed; and, upon this evidence, as well as upon the Report itself, we shall have to make some remarks. and, therefore, as a remedy for the evil of want of gold, to propose, that this Bank should begin to pay in two years time, is something, which, I think, would not have been offered to the public in any age but this, and, even in this age, to any public except the public in this country. The notes of the Bank of England bear, upon the face of them, a promise that the Bankers, or Bank Company, who issue the notes, will pay the notes upon demand. Now, what do we mean by paying a note? Certainly we do not mean, the giving of one note for another note. Yet, this is the sort of payment, that people get at the Bank of England; and this sort of payment the Bullion Committee does not propose even to begin to put an end to in less than two years from this time. The result of the Committee's inquiries is, in substance, this; that the high price of gold is occasioned by the low value of the paper-money; that the low value of the papermoney has been occasioned (as, you know, the low value of apples is) by the great abundance of it; that the only way to lower the price of the gold is to raise the value of the papermoney; and that the only way to raise the value of the paper-money is to make the quantity of it less than it now is. Thus far, as you will clearly see, there was no conjuration required. The fact is, that, not only do these propositions contain well-known, and almost self-evident, truths; but, these truths have, during the last two or three years, and especially during the last year," been so frequently stated in print, that it was next to impossible, that any person in England, able to read, should have been unacquainted with them. But, having arrived at the conclusion, that, in order to raise the value of the paper-money, its quantity must be lessened; having come to this point, the rest of the way was more difficult; for, the next object was, to point out the means of lessening the quantity of the paper-money, and this is an object, Gentlemen; we, the people of this country, have been persuaded to believe many things. We have been persuaded to believe ourselves to be " the most thinking people in Europe;" but, to what purpose do men think, unless they arrive at useful knowledge by thinking? To what purpose do men think, if they are, after all their thinking, to be persuaded, that a Bank, which has not paid its promissory notes in gold for thirteen years and a half, will be able to pay them in gold at the end of fifteen years and a half, the quantity of the notes having gone on regularly increasing? If men are to be persuaded to believe this, to what purpose |