from abroad shall pay the duties hitherto, and of the Protestant clergy, is maintain levied. SECT. VI. Of Grain, Flour, and Pulse, and their Exportation from Holland.Exportation shall cease when the price of the hectolitre shall rise to 24 francs in the markets of the Department of the Two Nethes, or when it shall be prohibited by special decrees. When exportation is prohibited, corn and pulse shall pay an export duty, regulated according to the following scale :-When the price of corn does not amount in the Department of the Two Nethes to 19 francs per metrical quintal, 2 francs; at 19 francs ditto, 2 francs, 50 cents.; at 20 francs ditto, 3 franks, 80 cents.; at 21 francs ditto 4 francs; at 22 francs ditto, 6 franks; at 23 francs ditto, 8 francs. At 24 francs, the exportation shall be suspended. Small grain (menus grains) and dried pulse shall pay only half the duties contained in the above scale.-SECT. VII Of the circulation of Corn and Flour in Holland. The circulation of corn, flour, and bread, in the interior of the Departments of ci-devant Holland shall be entirely free, conformably to the law of the 21st Prairial, year 5-SECT. VIII. There shall be a depot of foreign produce and merchandize, not prohibited in each of the ports of Amsterdam, Rotterdam, and Embden. These depots shall be regulated upon the same principles as those which are established in France.-SECT. IX. Of the Transit of Goods.-Goods which shall be admitted to the depot of Amsterdam, may be forwarded in transit to Germany and Switzerland by the navigation of the Rhine. The conditions of this transit, and the duties to which the goods enjoying this privilege are subjected, shall be pointed out in a future decree.-SECT. X. Of the Nationality of Ships.-After the 1st of November next, there shall be a list for each port of the ships possessing the conditions necessary to entitle them to be considered as national by the laws of Holland; the said ships shall immediately have all the privileges of French ships. In future, in order to be considered as national, ships must in Holland, as in France, possess all the conditions prescribed by the laws and decrees of our Empire.-The 8th title, which relates to the military organization, establishes in Holland two new military divisions, two corps of artillery, two of engineers, &c. By the 9th title, Holland is to form one single maritime district. By the 11th title, the existing organization of the Catholic worship, ed. The 12th title places under the orders of the Director-General of Police,' four general Commissaries of Police, who, in addition to their other functions, are charged with the inspection of the line of the Customs. By the 13th title, after Jan. 1st, 1811, all the accounts forming part of the general system of account in Holland shall be decided upon by the Court of Accounts at Paris: The Chamber of Accounts at present existing in Holland is prorogued to the 1st of Jan. 1812.-In the 15th and last title it is enacted, that tithes and land-rents continue to be raised in Holland, conformably to the existing laws; and that, ulteriorly, directions will be given with regard to the power of redeeming the said tithes and rents. ENGLAND.-Isle of Bourbon. 25th Oct, 1810. On the above day was published, by the English Government, an account of the capture of this Island, by troops, under the command of Lieut. Colonel Henry Keating, with less than 100 men killed and wounded.-CAPITULATION for the surrender of St. Denis, the capital, and the whole Island of Buonaparté, agreed upon between Colonel St. Susanne, commanding the Island of Buonaparté, for his Majesty the Emperor of France, King of Italy, &c. &c. &c. on the one hand, and Commodore Rowley, commanding his Britannic Majesty's squadron, Lieut.-Colonel Keating, commanding his Britannic Majesty's and the Hon. Company's land forces, and R. J. Farquhar, esq. on the other.-The whole of the Island of Buonaparté shall be delivered up to his Britannic Majesty, the city. of St. Denis, at twelve o'clock to-morrow, the 9th of July, and the other military stations in succession, as early as intelligence of the present Capitulation can be communicated.-At twelve o'clock tomorrow, the French troops which occupy the arsenal and Imperial battery, shall evacuate their post, and the grenadier company of his Majesty's Soth regi ment, and the grenadier company of the 6th Madras native regiment, will take possession of then, when the French flag will be struck, and that of his Britannic Majesty displayed. The troops of the line and Garde Nationale shall be allowed all the honours of war: they shall march out of the city with their arms and baggage, drums beating, matches lighted, together with their field artillery; they are to lay down their arms on the sea face, in front of the Imperial battery: the troops of the line are to surrender themselves prisoners of war, and to be embarked as such for the Cape of Good Hope, or for England.-In consideration of the distinguished character of Colonel St. Susanne and his Officers, and of their gallant defence of the place, the Officers of all ranks are allowed to preserve their swords and military decorations; they are to continue prisoners of war, and to embark for the Cape of Good Hope or for England. Colonel St. Susanne and his family shall be allowed a passage to the Isle of France, or to France, upon his giving his parole of honour not to serve during the war, or till he shall be regularly exchanged.-Funeral honours shall be paid to the French Officers who have fallen in the battle, according to their respective ranks. An inventory shall be made of property of all descriptions belonging to the State, which shall be delivered over to the person appointed by the English Government to receive it. All warlike stores, magazines, provisions, charts, plans, and archives, are included in this article.The Laws, Customs, and Religion of the Inhabitants, as well as their private Property of all descriptions, shall be respected and insured to them.-Done at St. Denis, the 8th July 1810, at six o'clock, P. M.-ST. SUSANNE, Col.-Comm. L'Isle Buonaparté pour sa Majeste, L'Empereur des Français, Roi d'Italie, &c. &c. &c. Jos. ROWLEY, commanding his Britannic Majesty's Squadron.-HENRY S. KEATING, Lieut.-Colonel commanding. SPANISH SOUTH AMERICA.Journal of the Proceedings which took place in the City of Mendoza from the 13th of June, written by the Deputy of that City. 1810. When this City applauded, with transports of joy, the installation of the new Government of Buenos Ayres, and was on the point of nominating a Deputy, being the wish of all its inhabitants, it received an Extraordinary Courier from the Governor of Cordova, directing that no obedience should be payed to that Junta, being illegally installed, and for which reason neither that Cabildo, that of Monte Video, nor that of Salta would acknowledge its authority, and to await the orders of the Viceroy of Lima. These orders, so Contrary to the determination of the Junta and to the wishes of the people, caused considerable consternation, and had the effect of creating three violent parties, encouraged by the Governor, who had it in his power to destroy them.In this situation and the delay in convocation for the nomination of a Deputy, before sedition should gain the ascendancy, taking into consideration the Governor's intentions, as expressed in another letter of the 22d of June, repeating his former orders, and sending us a copy of the proceedings of the Cabildo of that town, he proclaimed, with great enthusiasm, that the town should instantly proceed in the nomination of a Deputy, naming the most respectable persons for that purpose. The Cabildo heard the voice of the people; the Congress was formed the following day, the 23d. With one unanimous voice it was agreed that this town should unite itself to the capital, appoint a Deputy to represent it. To this the ministers of Finance, Don Domingo Torres, Don Joaquin Liano, and the Commandant, Don Faustino Ansey, objected, and from their opposition the nomination of a deputy was delayed until the 25th.— On the 24th the people waited on the first Alcade, in order that the Commandant should deliver up the command to some other person more acceptable to the people. Upon being informed of the wish of the people, the Commandant immediately agreed to resign. At one o'clock in the morning he delivered up the command, which was given to Don Isidro Saenzdela Maza, retaining his pay, honours, and the interior management of the troops. Every thing was settled without the least disorder. On the evening of the same day, Commandant Ansay wrote to the Cabildo, demanding to be reinstated in his com for his resignation, but a few individuals. mand, as it was not the people who called The Cabildo answered that it being the unanimous wish of the people, they should not oppose it.-On the 25th, we proceeded to name a deputy, when the Regidor Don Bernardo Artiz was elected.-On the 26th and 27th, there was nothing new occurred, the town remaining perfectly tranquil.-On the 29th, at three o'clock in the morning, the Commandant, with the above-mentioned Ministers, took possession of the barracks by assault, in three different points, at the same time. Having surprised the sentinel, overcome the guard, made the Officer prisoner, and seized the arms, the people confiding in their new Commandant, and be on the word of honour of the late Commandant, did not place a'competent guard at the barracks, under circumstances so critical. -At the moment the assault happened, the Alcalde was informed, and forgetting his illness, he went to the Cabildo, and alarmed the town, the alarm bell was rong, and the people united. During this time Commandant Ansay sent for the soldiers of the garrison to muster under pain of death, and was able to join 200 men, who were dragged to the barracks by the corporals, placing at the corner of the streets cannon loaded with grape shot, matches lighted, and orders to fire in case of necessity. This criminal disposition greatly incensed the people, who flew to arms with a full determination to revenge the insult heaped upon them by the criminal officers of the old government; but the illustrious Cabildo wishing to avoid such a fatal catastrophe, was able to contain the people, and sending Don Domingo Garcia, the Alcalde Don Joaquin Sosa, and the Commandant of the Frontier, to the Barracks, they entered into the following capitulation: 1st. To form a complete union between the Cabildo and the Commandant, in virtue of which both parties were to govern, and to which effect, all orders issued were to begin with the word "the Government."-2nd. That the present force should remain upon the footing it now was on.-3rd. That a Proclamation to that effect should be issued by the Treasurer.-4th. As this union of authorities had its origin in necessity, it was to cease the moment the capital or dered to the contrary.-5th. That it is solemnly declared this mode of conciliation does not carry with it any obligation to pursue the steps of the Juntas established, nor any other that may be contrary to the established form of government.-6th. That the union of the different Authorities shall be celebrated by a general illumination.-With this the town was somewhat appeased, and strictly adhered to the capitulation; nevertheless the people could not entirely forget the dishonourable behaviour of the Command of Cordova demanding 1,000 men to be sent him; and stating, that with 3,000 men he possessed, he was determined to defend himself against any force sent to disturb the old government. To this the Cabildo answered, that it was not in their power to comply with his request.-This town still entertained strong suspicions against the Commondant for the following reasons:-1st. Because he and the Ministers were hostile to the Governing Junta, and expressed themselves to that effect the day of the election of a Deputy.-2dly, For having expressed themselves in the most disrespectful manner against the Members of the Junta.-3dly, For having said, that with 500 Europeans they would subjugate the town, and compel it to obey the Governor of Cordova.-These fears were augmented by the preparations in powder and other warlike stores, made on the 10th of July by the Commandant doubling the guards, loading the cannon with grape shot, and his orders, that from the 11th the artillerymen should have lighted matches.-On the 16th of July we received an express from the Junta by Lieut.-Col. Don Juan Moron, with orders to afford us every assistance in his power, at the same time communicating the agreeable intelligence of the stability of the Junta, which had the powerful effect of compelling the insolent conspirators to surrender themselves, who already wish to acknowledge the supremacy of the Junta. The troops are withdrawn from the barracks, and the criminals remain confounded with the enormity of their crimes. They will leave nothing undone in order to disguise their infamous proceedings.-Note:-The Commandant Ansay, and the two Ministers of Finance, principal authors in this horrid conspiracy at Mendoza, march prisoners to that city; and this town reposes in tranquillity, without the least fear that it can again be dis turbed. COBBETT'S ant in assaulting the barracks, and putting Parliamentary Debates: so little value upon his own word of honour. From this day until the 3rd of The Fifteenth, Sixteenth, and SevenJuly nothing extraordinary occurred, teenth Volumes of the above Work will when a courier arrived from the Governor be published in about a Fortnight. Published by R. BAGSHAW, Brydges-Street, Covent Garden :-Sold also by J. BUDD, Pall-Ma!}, LONDON:-Printed by T. C. Hansard, Peterborough-Court, Fleet-Street, VOL. XVIII. No. 28.] LONDON, WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 14, 1810. [Price 1s. "It is admitted that a paper medium, under the form of bank notes or government-securities, is "circulated in France, England, and most other commercial countries: but nobody is compelled by law "to receive the payment of any debt in such money: hence it is, that the paper of these countries bears 66 no resemblance to ours, except in name. Every man receives a bank-note or refuses it at pleasure. "When he receives it, he knows that on the next hour he may have it changed for gold or silver, às "the Bank is obliged to make such payments on demand. For this reason, bank-notes, being portable,' are frequently preferred to coin of the weighty metals.". -SYLVIUS, on the American papermoney. 1787. 307] PAPER AGAINST GOLD: BEING AN EXAMINATION OF THE Report of the Bullion Committee: IN A SERIES OF LETTERS TO THE TRADESMEN AND FARMERS LETTER XVI. [898: ceive real money in exchange for them. But, when the Bank, in the manner that we have seen, refused payment upon de mand, the nature of the Notes was wholly, changed. They were no longer equal in value to real money; and nothing but a species of compulsion would, of course, induce the people to receive them in payment of any debt theretofore contracted. Now, then, came the pinch. Now came forth the fact, that it was beyond all the powers of hypocrisy, trick, and confusing verbosity any longer to disguise: forth, came the fact, that Bank Notes were to Introduction of the Bank Restriction Act that the man, who had a debt due to him, be, in reality forced upon the people; into the House of Commons-The origin of this measure-The Bill moved for by Mr. must take them in payment, or, if he rePit-Suspension of the two Acts prohibiting ditor: forth came the fact, aye, forth it fused them, be unable to arrest his créSmall Promissory Notes-The Title and Preambles of those Acts-The Principles of those came, after all the railing against French Acts-Title and Preamble of the Bank Re-assignats; forth came the fact, that no man striction Act-View of the Provisions of that Act-The Legal Tender-The meaning and application of the word Restriction. Gentlemen, We have now to take a view of the Acts of Parliament, passed in consequence of the Stoppage of cash payments at the Bank of England; then to see what was, at the passing of these Acts, said by the advocates of them, respecting their duration; and this will enable us to form a pretty correct judgment as to the statesman-like wisdom of those advocates, and also as to the probability of the Acts ever being hereafter removed, except by a total anni hilation of the paper-money. held a note of that Company of Traders, who held a Bank note; that no man who payable on demand, could compel them to pay him, except in other such notes, Forth came this fact, and yet those who had brought the finances of the country into such a state, were still kept in power; to their management were the nation's af fairs still left; to their promises did the credulous and affrighted people still listen; and of their measures has the nation ever since been feeling, and will, it is to be feared, long feel, the consequences. The Order of the Privy Council (See it in Letter XI, page 652) required the Bank Company to stop paying their notes in money. The words are "to forbear issuing any cash Until the time at which the Bank Stop-" in payment." I beseech you, Gentlemen, page took place; until the 26th day of February, 1797, the Notes of the Bank Company were considered as good as real money, because, if the holder chose it, he could, at any moment, demand and re to consider well the nature of this transac tion. Look back at the origin of the Bank Consider it, as it really was, a mere Company of Traders. Then view the holders of the Notes, who were so many legal eres ditors, so many persons having a just and legal claim to be paid upon demand. See all these creditors at once deprived of their legal rights of payment by an order of the Privy Council, of which the Minister himself was a member. See here a Com pany of Traders, having promissory notes out to the amount of many millions, required by the Privy Council "to forbear" to pay off the said notes; and, above all things, observe, and NEVER FORGET, that this order, or request, was made in consequence, as we have seen from the official documents, of representations made by this Company of Traders themselves, who, as is stated in those documents (Letter XIII, page 750), made such representations in consequence of the drain upon their cash and of the alarm they therefore felt for the safety of their House. This was a fine spectacle to behold: it was a fine thing to be held forth to the world by a Minister, whose boasting about his financial resources and about his support of public credit had been incessant from the day he first vaulted into the sad dle of power. If this could be done with regard to one Company of Traders, why not with regard to any other Company of Traders, or any other single Trader, in the kingdom? If the Privy Council, avowedly upon the representation of the Minister, were to protect this Company of Traders against the lawful demands of their creditors; what reason was there that other Traders, that other Debtors, should not be protected in the same way, if they should "feel alarm for the safety of their House?" We must never lose sight of this fact, that the Order in Council arose from a representation of the Minister; that representation arose from one made to the Minister by the Bank Company; and this latter representation arose (See Letter XIII, p. 750) from the drain of cash at the Bank, and from the alarm, which the Bank Company felt for the safety of their House. This should be constantly kept in view. We should never, for one moment, lose sight of the fact, that the whole of this measure of protection to the Bank had its origin in representations made by the Bank Company itself. And, if we keep this fact steadily in view, we shall be in no danger of coming at a proper conclusion.. the Bank Company, the demands of whose lawful creditors had given them alarm. We have seen the Bank Company calling upon the Minister to know when he would interfere. And, we have seen the Minister, after saying, on the 24th, that he would prepare a resolution of Council, go to the Council, on the 26th, and obtained the Resolution and Order that we have seen. Thus the Privy Council became a party to the transaction; and we are now about to see how the Parliament put the finishing stroke to it by giving to the order of Council the sanction of law; we are now about to take a view of the Legislative Acts, by which, to use the expression of the late Lord Liverpool, paper-credit was exchanged for paper-currency, by which bank-notes were moulded into paper-money. In Letter XII, page 681, we have seen how the minister first introduced to the House of Commons the project of passing a law to sanction the Order in Council; that is to say, to sanction the refusal of the Bank Company, to pay their promissory notes. We have seen, that, upon being asked by MR. ALDERMAN COMBE, whether he meant to make the bank-notes a legal tender, he knew not what to answer; that he twisted and writhed in great apparent embarrassment of mind; but, that he knew not what to answer. We have also seen, that, before the House met the next. day (28th of February, 1797) the meeting at the Mansion-House had taken place, having been, as we have seen, previously contrived, in private, with the Minister. We have seen an account of the other Meetings through the country; and we have seen, in Letter XIV, the manner of forming the SECRET COMMITTEE, from whom came Reports (Letter XIV, p. 808), declaring the affairs of the Bank to be in a most flourishing way, and that the Company were possessed of a great surplus of means. Thus prepared, and perceiving, by this time, that his adherents were resolved to stand by him (See Letter XIV. p. 8C5) the Minister, on the 9th of March, 1797, moved for leave to " I bring in a bill to "confirm and continue the Order in Council "of the 26th of February, for a time to "be limited." This was the first motion towards the making of the law for autho Thus far, then, we have seen the trans-rizing the Bank to refuse to pay its creaction going no further than the Privy Council. We have seen it originate with ditors their just demands; that law, which has filled the kingdom with banks and with |