A mixture of the former; as, bin ich nicht? am Inot? bist du nicht? art thou not?&c. The relative particles are, es, davon, dafür, daher, darum, darüber, daraus, damit, da, dabei, daran, hindurch, &c. all these particles are put after the verb; as, ich habe es, I have it. ich habe es nicht, I have it not, &c. When it is a question the particles are put after the personal pronouns; as, habe ich es ? have I it? habe ich es nicht? have I not it? Davon is put after a negation; as, ich habe nicht davon, I have none of it, This is the same with the particles da, darin, &c. as, er ist da, he is here. er ist nicht da, he is not here. ist er da? is he here? ist er nicht da? is he not here? verlaszt euch darauf, rely upon it. in want of money? seyd ihr Geldes benöthiget? are you in want of hat er einen Sohn? has he a son? ja, er hat einen, yes, he has one. wie viele sind ihrer ? how many are there of them? es sind ihrer sechs, there are six. da sind andere, there are others, &c. &c. Con INDICATIVE MOOD. SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. Present Tense. Plural. Plural. wir werden, we become. wir werden, we may be come. ihr werdet, (ye) you be- ihr werdet, (ye) you may become. come. sie werden, they become. sie werden, they may be ich ward, or wurde, I be- ich würde, I might be came: du wardst, or wurdest, thou becamest. come. du würdest, thou mightest become. er ward, or wurde, he er würde, he might be ihr wurdet, (ye) you be- ihr würdet,(ye) you might came. become. sie wurden, they became. sie würden, they might become. werde du, become thou. werdet ihr, become (ye) you. werde er, become he. werden sie, become they. Preterperf. geworden, or worden seyn, to have become. Future. werden werden, to be about to become. PARTICIPLES. Present. werdend, becoming. Preterite. geworden, or worden, become. Observations on the Auxiliary Verbs. Many verbs in the English are used as auxiliaries, which in German are not required. It is true, they have formerly been introduced under that denomination, but modern grammarians no. longer consider them as useful, being merely combined with other verbs, which they govern in the Infinitive Mood; but if they were admitted as helping verbs, their number might be still increased. For that reason, I have adopted, only those that are real auxiliaries, by the means of which a complete conjugation can be performed; consequently the three foregoing ones, which have been given at full length, alone come under this description. Those which have been formerly considered as auxiliaries, are Ich mag, I may. The application is nearly the same as in English. It has been exhibited under the head of the Irregular Verbs,, together with the subsequent ones. I here treat of its various significations, in particular, which Y 2 |