The Scotch Pint contains 103, and the Beer Firlot 2150 Cubic Inches. This Table is agreeable to moft Authors, but Mr. Ward fays, 10 Quarters 1 Wey, 12 Weys! Laft of Corn. 1 Note, The Winchester (or Corn) Buthel, having a plain round Bottom 18 Inches wide, and being 8 Inches deep, is, according to the Standard in his Majefty's Exchequer, a lawful Bufhel. Hence it may be found, by any one acquainted with the firft Principles of Gauging, that the Corn Gallon contains 268 Cubic Inches; therefore, the Ale Gallon is to the Corn Gallon as 282 0 268, or, which is the fame, as 235 to 224. In Scotland, Mr. Malcolm fays, the common Denominations of Corn Measure are, 4 Quarters 1 Peck, 4 Pecks 1 Bufhel, 4 Bufhels 1 Boll, 16 Bolls1 Chaldron. But they are different Measures from the English of the fame Name. According to the Experiments of Mr. James Gray, (in the Phyfical and Literary Effays of a Society in Edinburgh) the Wheat Firlot of Scotland contains 2197 Cubic Inches. To this Gentleman it is wel are obliged for the Comparison of the other Scotch Measures abovementioned. 148. Of TIME. By Time, we only mean the Quantity or Meafure of any Duration of Things, which Duration is in a continual and equable Flux; and therefore, that we may be able to communicate our Thoughts of fo long or fo fhort a Duration, we must make Use of fome Contrivance to measure Durations with: And the most natural that occurred to Mankind, and which hath been agreed on by the Confent of all Nations, is, that the Interval of Time elapfed between the Inftant when the Center of the Sun is on the Meridian, or due South, and its Return after one Revolution (real or apparent) to the fame Meri, dian, fhould be called a Day; which Day they subdivided into 24 equal Parts called Hours, and each of thefe again into 60 equal Parts called Minutes, and each Minute into 60 equal Parts called Seconds, &c. Further, the Time which is elapsed between the Inftant when the Sun is in the Equinox, or first Point of Aries, as the Aftronomers exprefs themselves, to the Time of its Return to the fame Place after one Revolution, is found by them to contain 365 Days, 5 Hours, 48 Minutes, 55 Seconds; which they call a tropical Year: But, as these odd Hours, Minutes, and Seconds, are not convenient in common Affairs, they made a common Year to be 365 Days; but as by this Reckoning they omitted 5h. 48'. 55", which in 4 Years would amount to near a Day, they made every fourth Year, called Biffextile, or Leap-Year, confift of 366 Days. Whence this Table: 60 Seconds 60 Minutes 365 Days ri Minute I Hour I Common Year Here it is evident, that the calling a common Year 365 Days, and every fourth Year 366 Days, is in Effect Effect the fame as calling every * Year 365 Days 6 Hours. 66 In In the Year 325, when the Nicene Council was held, History informs us, that, amongst other Things, that Affembly agreed, that Eafter fhould be celebrated on the Sunday next after the 14th Day of the Moon, that fhould follow next after the vernal Equinox, which they then fixed on the 21ft of March. And we may remember, that in the Year 1752 the vernal Equinox was on or about the 10th of March, so that, through fome Caufe, the Equinox happened about 11 Days fooner in the Year 1752, than it did in the Year 325; which may be thus accounted for: In making each Year 365 Days 6 Hours, called Julian Years, inftead of 365 Days 5 Hours 48 Minutes 55 Seconds, we make each Year about 115" too much, which in 1427 Years, the Time from the Year 325 to 1752, will amount to near 11 Days. This being the Cafe, most Nations in Europe before, and Great Britain in the Year 1752, adjusted the Calendar, fo as to bring the Equinox on the fame Day it was on at the Time of the Nicene Council. And (that it might agree with foreign Accounts) it was done after the following Manner, viz. In the Year 1751 it was ordered by an Act of Parliament," that the "natural Day, next immediately following the Second of September 1752, fhould be reckoned and accounted the 14th Day of Sep"tember, the next to that the 15th. And fo on in the natural Or "der." By which Omiffion of 1 1 nominal Days in September 1752, it is evident that that natural Day in 1753, which would, if the Old Stile had continued, have been called the 10th of March, was by this Means called the (10+11) 21ft of March New Stile; and therefore the Equinoxes and Seafons were reduced to the fanie nominal Days, as at the Time of the Nitene Council aboveme:1tioned. But fince the 11 Minutes 5 Seconds, which the tropical Year is less than the Julian, will in 400 Years amount to 3 Days, in Order to prevent the Falling back of the Equinoxes in future Ages, it was further enacted," that in the feveral Years of our Lord 1800, 1900, 2100, 2200, 2300, or any other hundredth Years of our "Lord in Time to come (except only every fourth hundredth "Year, whereof the Year of our Lord 2000 fhall be the first) shall "not be taken to be Leap-Years, but fhall be common Years, con. "fifting of 365 Days; and that the Year of our Lord 2000, 2400, "2800, and every fourth hundredth Year of our Lord, from the "Year 2000 inclufive, and alfo all other Years of our Lord, which "by the prefent Supputation are Leap-Years, confifting of 366 Days, fhall be Leap-Years as is now ufed." And by this Method it is evident, that the Falling back of the Equinox 3 Days, in four hundred Years, will be prevented. But perhaps fome Aftronomers may object, that in the Year 325 the vernal Equinox was on the 20th of March, and in the Year 1752 on March 9th. Be it fo, yet the Difference is 11 Days as above. They may further object, that, in correcting the Calendar, the Time of the Equinox ought to have 66 been In Payment of Men's Wages belonging to the Royal Navy, each Year is reckoned to confift of 364 'Days, and is thus fubdivided: 7 Days 4 Weeks 1 Week I Month 13 Months 1 Year. This is fufficient for many Ufes, where Exactness is not required. In Almanacks the Year is divided into 12 Months, called January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December. The Days in each Calendar Month may be known by the following memorial Verfe: -Thirty Days hath September, April, June, likewife November; But, in Leap-Year, more one's it's right; Have Thirty-one, in ev'ry Year. Or by this, April ter denos, June, Septemberque November; Thus much concerning Time is fufficient at prefent, till we come to a more proper Place to treat of the different Kinds of Years, Solar, Lunar, &c. 149. A been found for the Year of the Julian Reformation, or at least for the firft Year of the Chriftian Era. To this it may be fufficient to answer, that the principal Defign of the Parliament was to make our Calendar agree with moft Countries in Europe. In a Word, our Calendar is now fo accurately adjusted, that it will not anticipate a Day in less than 5760 Years, fuppofing the World to continue in the fame State fo long. We have only to remark further, that, whereas our civil Year ufed to begin on the 25th of March, it is now always to begin on the First of January. 149. A TABLE of fuch Quantities of Goods, &c. whether Number, Weight, or Meafure, as could not properly be inferted in the foregoing Part of this Chapter. ACHISON, a Coin of a Farthing. 15 AEM, Awme, or Awame; Gallons (of Wine) 35 from Antwerp; 40 from the Rhine; 50 from Dordrecht. ANGELET, a Coin 4 Shillings. BAG,Bufhel; 1 of Lime; -hundred Weight; 3 of Almonds; 4 of Currants. BALE, Bolts; 100 of Lyons and Paris Thread ; -hundred Weight; 1 of Cochineal, Indigo; 2 of Cardamoms, thrown Silk; 24 of Spanish Wool; 3 of Carraway-Seeds; 6 of Safflower.Pieces; 20 of Boultels; 22 of Bevernix and Holmes Fuftians.-Reams; 10 of Paper; 100 of unbound Books. BAND, Strikes; 10 of Eels. BANDLE, Feet; 2 in Length; an Irish Meafure. BARREL,- Bufhels; 3 ; 3 of Apples, Pears. - Dozen; 10 of Candles.-Gallons; 31 of Oil; 32 of Herrings, Ling; 42 of Eels, Mum, Salmon. Hundred Weight; I of Gunpowder, Lipora, Raifins. Number, 300 of black or white Plates; 1200 of Herrings, Stock-fifh. V. Hundred Pounds, 16 (the little) 30 (the great) of Anchovies; 120 of Candles; 200 of Barilla, Oat-meal; 224 of Butter; 240 of Soap. - Gallons, 30 of Herrings, Eels; 84 of Salmon. 3 BASKET,- Bufhels, 2 of Medlars. BILLET,- Feet, (of Wood) 3 in Length; whereof there fhould be 3 Sorts. (1.) a fingle Billet, 7 |