been not far from 100 per cent. This ratio will probably diminish as the country grows older, and those checks of population increase, which ever exist in long settled states. But it is hazarding little to say, that in 1850 the Western States will contain a population larger than that of the other three great divisions of the United States.

Of their capability to support a population equal in density to Massachusetts no doubt can be entertained. The number of persons to a square mile in Massachusetts is seventy. By recurring to the number of square miles of the Western States, it will be seen that with a population equal in density to Massachusetts, they will contain 36,960,000 inhabitants. The effective military force of a population of 10,000,000 may safely be estimated at 1,000,000 When, therefore, the Western States shall contain a population equal in density to Massachusetts, their effective military force will be nearly 4,000,000,-an army superior to that which can be brought into the field by the Autocrat of all the Russias. The above estimate is undoubtedly much too low. A moments reflection will satisfy any one, that the Western States are capable of sustaining a much larger population, who takes into consideration the salubrity of their climate, the extent and fertility of their soil, the richness of their mines, and the facilities they have for working them, and the great navigable rivers and tributary streams by which they are watered, suited either for manufacturing establishments, or the purposes of commercial enterprise and activity.

In the preceding remarks no regard has been paid to the unorganized territory belonging to the United States in the valley of the Mississippi. When, therefore, those immense regions between the Alleghany and the Rocky mountains, shall be filled with a population equal in density to Massachusetts, their physical power will be greater than that of the mightiest nation now in

existence.

Civil power.-By civil power is here meant, that influence which any division of our country possesses in the national councils. Proceeding, then upon the calculations laid down in the tables published in another part of the present

number of the Journal,* it will be seen that the civil power of this nation will soon be wielded by the people of the West. Divide the United States into four parts, Northern, Middle, Southern, and Western. The present number of Representatives in Congress, from each of the divisions, is as follows:Northern 39. Middle 67. Southern 64. Western 46. Whole number of Representatives from the first three divisions 170. From the last 46. Under the present regulations the apportionment for a Representative is 40,000. According to the best calculation that can be made, it is ascertained that in 1850 the population of the Northern, Middle, and Southern divisions of the United States will be 11,384,703; while that of the western division will be 11,424,550. Should the rate of apportionment be the same then as at present, the first three divisions will have 267 Representatives, and the Western 268, leaving the balance of power in favour of the West. The apportionment in future will no doubt, be much larger than at present; but upon the principle of equal representation, whatever the apportionment may be, the weight of influence possessed by the West will be the same.

In a little more than twenty years, therefore, the Western States will have a majority in Congress; and in fifty years that majority will be overwhelming. Of course they will be able to control all the measures of the general government which are of great national importance.

Moral power.-* ** Now when we reflect that the Western States ac

cording to the lowest estimate, are capable of sustaining a population of more than 40.000,000, we feel that their moral power must be great, either for good or evil, in proportion as intelligence

*The Tables here alluded to give the comparative increase of the several divisions of the country-in the following ratios: Eastern States, 127 per cent.; Middle, 32-8; Southern, 19-4; Western, 99. The comparative population of the same divisions of country, when as dense as the present population of Great Britain, will be as follows: Eastern States, 11,851,200; Middle, 18,072,000; Southern, 56,178,000; Western, 120,240,000; Unorganized Territory, 153.658.890:----Total, 360,000,000.

or ignorance, virtue or vice, prevail among their citizens. We have before shown that in 1850 they will have a majority in Congress; and it is well known that the character of a representative ever corresponds with that of his constituents. If the people are industrious and virtuous, then their representatives will be men of a like spirit. But if ignorance, licentiousness of manners, and a disregard of religious obligation prevail in the community, then reckless demagogues, and abandoned profligates, will sit in the sacred hall of legislation; and ambition, and self

RELIGIOUS.

aggrandizement, and love of power, will take the place of patriotism, and publie spirit, and an unshaken attachment to the best interests of the nation. Where such a state of society exists, the elective franchise, which is the peculiar glory of America, will become one of its deadliest scourges. Nothing, therefore, can prevent a dissolution of the union, and save our free and happy institutions from utter subversion, but patriotism and intelligence directed, animated, and controlled by the purest moral principles, pervading all classes of people at the West.

The Man of God: a Sermon, preached in St. Thomas' Church, in the City of New-York, at the Institution of the Rev. George Upfold, M. D. into the Rectorship of the said Church, on Thursday the 6th of March, 1828. By John Henry Hobart, D. D., Bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the State of New-York, Rector of Trinity Church in the City of New-York, and Professor of Pastoral Theology and Pulpit Eloquence in the General Theological Seminary. New-York: T. & J. Swords.

Pulpit Sketches, Sermons, and Devotional Fragments. By Rev. John N. Maffit.

Signs of the Moral Age: a Sermon preached in Reading, North Parish, on Lord's day, Jan. 1, 1828, with sundry Notes. By Rev. Andrew Bigelow. Boston: Bowles & Dearborn.

The Prospects of Christianity: A Sermon delivered at the Ordination of the Rev. Warren Burton, as Minister of the Third Congregational Society in Cambridge, March 5. By the Rev. F. W. P. Greenwood.

More than One Hundred Scriptural and Incontrovertible Arguments for behieving in the Supreme Divinity of our

RELIGIOUS.

MISCELLANEOUS.

An Appeal to the Temperate on the vice of Intemperance. In three parts. 1. The Condition of Society. 2. The Causes employed and permitted by the Temperate. 3. The Responsibility of every Citizen in the work of Prevention and Reformation. By Samuel Nott, Jr. Author of Sermons for Children.

Memoir of Samuel Hooker Cowles;

with an Address, delivered before the Society of Inquiry into Missions, in the Theological Seminary at Andover."[From the Christian Spectator.]

A Brief Outline of the Mode of Instruction pursued by Rev. John M. Mason, D. D. in the Theological Seminary, lately under his care in the city of New-York. By a Student of said Seminary. New-York, John P. Haven.

Naval Tract Society.-A Tract Society was lately organized on board the U. S. frigate Gurriere, at the Naval Station at Gosport, Va. It is called The Gosport Naval Tract Society

Auxiliary to the American Tract Society," and one of its objects is, to aid the Parent Society in extending its operations more generally into the Navy. Its President, Directors, &c. are officers of the Navy.

A handsome Mariner's Church is about to be erected in New-Orleans on land belonging to the U. S. and granted by the government for that purpose.

The Presbytery of Troy at their late session, adopted a number of resolutions in relation to Intemperance-among which are the following:

Resolved. That this Presbytery view, with deep regret, the alarming prevalence of the vice of intemperance, and they feel the vast importance, of individual and combined exertion in attempting to stem a torrent that threatens to desolate our country.

That the members of this Presbytery pledge themselves to each other, habitually to abstain from the use of such liquors, and to make vigorous exertions, both by precept and example, to discountenance the habitual or frequent use of any kind of intoxicating drink.

That it be, and it is hereby earnestly recommended to the churches and congregations under the care of this Presbytery, in their habitual or collective capacity, to co-operate with this

body and the numerous friends of morality and religion in various parts of our country, in discarding these liquors from a place among the tokens of hospitality in their social intercourse.

Teacher's Assistant.-The Hampden Sunday School Union has commenced a weekly paper devoted to the interests of Sunday School instruction and youthful piety.

Revivals of religion in Germany.— A clergyman in Berlin in a letter to his friend in New-Jersey communicates the following interesting facts:

The cause of religion appears to be prospering more every day in Germany. I have heard lately, a letter read from Pomerania, giving an account of a revival, which might have been taken for a description of such a season in our own country. The same inward experience was detailed, and even the attending external circumstances are almost precisely the same. This revival, which is represented as very extensive, has been in a great measure produced by the efforts of several young military men, belonging to noble familes, who had been brought to the knowledge of the truth in Berlin. The clergy of that district

In

are said to be peculiarly cold and neological; and these young men began by holding religious meetings on their own estates, which God has blessed in a remarkable manner. one neighborhood, 600 are supposed to have become truly pious. The ministor of ecclesiastical affairs ordered the military to disperse all such meetings; but the Crown Prince (who is military governor of the district) refused to allow his officers to execute the order, which led to an investigation of the whole affair. As naturally might be expected, from an excitement of this kind being conducted apart from and in opposition to the clergy, many disorders have occurred: but all things considered, it has terminated very favorably."

The Editors of the New-York Observer remark concerning the above information, that it is the more gratifying, as they are personally acquainted with the writer and know that his statements are guardedly made and worthy of full credit.

American Education Society.--At the late quarterly meeting of the Directors, "thirty four additional young the usual appropriations made to about men were taken upon the funds, and two hundred beneficiaries, although the Treasury has been overdrawn nearly a thousand dollars."

MISCELLANEOUS.

the New-York Observer shows how much money is wasted at the Theatre by the following facts:

Theatres in New-York.-A writer in

The manager of the Park paysannually, for the lease of the building occupied for the Theatre, Eighteen Thousand Dollars; and it is probable that the other expenses attendant upon it, for the salaries of actors, &c. Inust be at least Thirty Thousand more. Then, according to his own statement, the profits in a single year have amounted to Fifty-two Thousand; which added to the above, would make the amount paid at one theatre in a year, One Hundred Thousand Dollars. There are now four theatres, and supposing the amount paid to each to be seventy-five thousand, it would give a total of Three Hundred Thousand Dollars per annum, for the support of theatres, in this city, to say nothing of the money consequently spent at their saloons, &c.

THE SECESSION AND ORGANIZATION OF THE PRIMITIVE CHURCHES.

To acquire just views of the government of the churches of the Apostles' days, it is proper to abandon all ideas of later changes, and retain only that knowledge, which Jewish believers had, prior to the descent of the Spirit upon them on the day of Pentecost.

The Mosaic dispensation terminated with the rending of the vail of the temple, Christ having been a minister of the circumcision (a) to fulfil the law, the sacrifices of which were to be superseded by his own. The seventy disciples could not have been officers of the kingdom then to come; but, like those of the baptist, than whom "the least in the kingdom of heaven" was greater, Matt. xi. 11, they were only Jews. The twelve received a commission, just before the ascension, to be executed after the descent of the Spirit. Prior to such inspiration, they had neither the wisdom nor power requisite. It is no impeachment of the verity of the record to say, that the appointment of Matthias to the apostleship was equally unauthorised, as the desire of a temporal kingdom, Acts, i. 6, both of which facts have been recorded. On the day of Pentecost, Peter saw with a clearness to which

(a) Rom. xv. 8, vide Matt. xv. 24, xx. 23, Matt. x. 5, viii. 4, xxviii. 19. VOL. II.-No. VI.

36

[No. VI.

he had been a stranger, the design of the death, and of the exaltation of Christ, the nature of his kingdom, and the importance of the gift of the Spirit; chap. ii. 4, 23, 4, 34, 5. The apostles were themselves baptized by the Holy Ghost, and afterwards by virtue of their commission, initiated believers with water, ver. 38, into a society, in which all things were common, chap. iv. 32. Yet belonging to the stock of Israel, they attended at the temple, and the synagogues, chap. v. 42, vi. 9, but commemorated, on its own day, the resurrection of Christ, in private assemblies. Acts xx. 7. 1 Cor. xi. 20. Their increase of numbers soon required the designation of seven men, of spiritual gifts, and wisdom, to serve tables. Acts vi. 1-5. Stephen exercised his gift of teaching; ver 8, 10, Philip, viii. 12, Ananias, ix. 10, and other saints, when dispersed by persecution, also preached, viii. 4, and baptized, ver. 16. Saul arrested, received the word of wisdom from Christ; his sight by the hands of Ananias, with initiation into the church by baptism, and an introduction to the apostles by Barnabas, a Levite of Cyprus. The restoration of Eneas and Tabitha, the visions of Cornelius and Peter, and the gift of tongues to the gentiles at Cesarea, were also suited to the dispensation of the Spirit. The enlargement of Peter, Paul, and Silas, and of all the apostles from prisons; the spiritual