But if the figures denoting the latitude increase from the top of the map towards the bottom, the country which the map represents lies south of the Equator. Meridian or longitude is the distance of a place east or west of another place. Longitude is marked by numbers which are placed at the top and bottom of maps, but if the map represents a portion of the earth through which the Equator passes, the meridians are generally marked on the Equator. If the figures denoting the longitude increase from the right to the left, the longitude is west; if from the left to the right, the longitude is east. QUESTIONS. How is the surface of the earth represented most correctly? What is the Axis of the earth, and what are the two extremities of this Axis called? What is the Equator, and how is it situated with respect to the two poles? What is the Ecliptic? What are Meridians? What are Parallels of Latitude? What are the Tropics? Which is called the Tropic of Cancer, and which the Tropic of Capricorn? What are the Polar Circles? Which of the Polar Circles is called the Arctic, and which the Antarctic Circle? How many degrees are in a circle, and how is each degree divided? What are the four principal points of the Horizon, and what are they called? What points are between the Cardinal? What is Latitude? What is a Map? What part of a Map is north, south, east, and west? How is Latitude marked on maps? How are you able to determine that a country represented on a map is north of the Equator? How do you know that a country represented on a map is south of the Equator? What is the Meridian or Longitude of a place? How are Meridians marked on maps? How do you know when the longitude of a place is west? How do you know when the longitude of a place is east? OF THE ZONES. There are five Zones; one torrid, two temperate, The space of the earth's surface, on both sides of the Equator between the tropic of Cancer and the tropic of Capricorn, is called the torrid or burning zone, because the weather is always very warm. In countries situated in the torrid zone, it rains almost constantly six months in the year, which is called the rainy season, or winter; during the other six months it seldom rains, which is called the dry season, or summer, and there is no spring or autumn. In the torrid zone the forests are clothed with perpetual green, and some trees grow to a larger size than those of any other part of the globe. The most remarkable vegetable productions of the torrid zone, are coffee, tea, the sugar-cane, bread-fruit, oranges, spices, and gums. The most remarkable animals found in the torrid zone are the elephant, rhinoceros, lion, tiger, camel, crocodile, ostrich, and serpents and insects of a monstrous size, many kinds of which are very venomous. Nations inhabiting the torrid zone are remarkable for the blackness of their skins, and their want of vigour, both of body and mind. How many zones are there? QUESTIONS. What part of the earth's surface is called the torrid zone, and why is that name given to it? What seasons have countries situated in the torrid zone? What are the most remarkable vegetable productions? QUESTIONS ON THE MAP Of the world. What countries in America are situated in the torrid zone south of the equator? What countries in America are situated in the torrid zone north of the Equator? What portion of South America is situated in the torrid zone? Is a very large portion of North America in the torrid zone? What countries in the eastern hemisphere are situated in the torrid zone? Name the countries in Asia which are situated in the torrid zone. How large a part of New Holland is situated in the torrid zone? Name the principal islands in the western hemisphere which are in the torrid zone. Name the principal islands in the eastern hemisphere in the torrid zone. TEMPERATE ZONES. The spaces on the earth's surface between the tropics and polar circles are called the temperate zones, on account of the mildness of the climate, which is neither very warm, nor very cold. The temperate zones have four seasons; spring summer, autumn, and winter. The principal vegetable productions of the temperate zones are grains of different kinds; also |