None who attend the Panathenæa may wear died gar

ments.

It is enacted, that at the institution of the Panathenæa, Homer's Rhapsodies be repeated.

Sojourners are commanded to carry about at public processions, small vessels framed after the model of a boat, and their daughters water pots with umbrellas.

No foreigner is to be initiated into the holy mysteries. Death shall be his penalty who divulges the mysteries. The persons initiated shall dedicate the garments they were initiated in, at Ceres and Proserpina's temple.

He who comes off conqueror at the Olympic games, shall receive as his reward 500 drachms, at the Isthmick

100.

Fifteen persons shall go to the constitution of a tragical chorus.

It is forbidden that Eschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides be brought on the stage, wherefore licence is given that the city clerk read them publicly. This was out of respect to these three tragedians.

No one under thirty years of age, some say forty, shall be an actor.

Let no Archon be exposed by any malignant aspersion in comedy: if any reflections are designed, let them be palliated under a feigned name: this law was enacted to restrain the old comedians, who used to reflect on people by their names.

Sacrifices are required to be at the beginning of every month.

Out of the laws relating to the sacred rites, I select this for its analogy to the law of Moses, viz.

It is hereby appointed that the consort of the Basilius shall be a citizen of Athens, and never before married. No impure person shall be elected into the priesthood.

Laws relating to Decrees.

Tisamenus hath established with the consent, and by the authority of the people, that Athens shall keep her ancient form of government, and make use of Solon's laws, weights and measures, with Draco's sanctions, as hitherto; if new ones shall seem requisite, the Nomothetæ, created by the senate for that purpose, shall engross them on a tablet, and hang them up at the statues of the Eponymi, that they may be exposed to the view of all passers by; the same month they are to be given up to the magistrates, after they have passed the estimation of the senate of five hundred, and the delegated Nomothetæ. Be it also further enacted, that any private person may have free access to the senate, and give in his sentiments concerning the law proposed. After the promulgation of them the senate of Areopagus is required to take care that the magistrates put these laws into execution, which for the convenience of the citizens, are to be engraved on the wall where they were before exposed to public view. This law was enacted after Thasybulus had expelled the thirty tyrants.

He that proposes a law contrary to the common good shall be indicted.

The Thesmothetæ shall yearly assemble in the repository of the laws, and carefully examine whether one law is contradictory of another, or any law unratified, or whether there are any laws that are mere repetitions of some other law: where any instances of this kind ococcur, they shall be noticed, by inserting them on a tablet, and publishing them, at the statutes of the Eponymi, which being done, the people by the Epistasta's order, shall determine by these which laws shall be cancelled, and which shall be ratified.

No man shall enact a law in behalf of any private person, unless six thousand citizens shall give their assent. This is one of Solon's laws.

It shall be a capital crime for any man to cite a fictitious case in any court of justice. The laws shall be in force from the Archonship of Euclides. This law was enacted after the expulsion of the thirty tyrants, and intimates that what had been done under their usurpation, should not thenceforth be inquired into, an act of amnesty having been passed.

Diocles during the freedom of the commonwealth, enacted a law, which by the different provisions made in it, gave perpetual authority to the laws of Solon, which were at first enacted only for an hundred years.

Laws respecting the legitimacy of Children.

He shall be considered as illegitimate whose mother is et free.

Let none of spurious birth, whether male or female, inherit either in sacred or civil things.

That inheritance shall be considered good, which is given by a childless person to an adopted son.

Parents may give their children what names they will, or change those they have for others.

The Oath to be taken by the Ephebi.

"I will never do any thing to disgrace this armour. I will never fly from my post, nor revolt from my general, but will fight for my country and religion, either in the ranks, or in single combat. I will never be the cause of weakening or injuring my country; and if it be my fortune to sail on the seas, my country thinking fit to send me to a colony, I will willingly acquiesce and enjoy that land which is allotted to me. I will adhere to the present constitution of affairs, and whatsoever enactions the people shall please to pass, I will see nobody violate or pervert them, but will either singly,

H

or in conjunction with others, endeavour to revenge them. I will conform to the religion of my country: all this I swear by the following deities, viz. the Agrauli, Enyalius, Mars, Jupiter, the Earth, and Diana. If occasion require it, I will lay down my life for my native country; my endeavours to extend the dominion of Athens shall never cease, while there are Wheat, Barley, Vineyards, and Olive-trees without its limits."

The first education of youth is to be in swimming, and the rudiments of literature; as for those whose abilities in the world are but mean, let them learn husbandry, manufactures, and trade; but they who can afford a genteel education, shall learn to play on musical instruments, to ride and to hunt; they shall also study philosophy, and be instructed in the gymnastic exercises. One of Solon's laws.

Let him be infamous who beats his parents, or neglect to provide for them.

No illegitimate children, nor such legitimate ones as have not been brought up to some business, shall be obliged to keep their parents. Another of Solon's laws.

He that is undutiful to his parents, shall be incapable of bearing any office in the state, and shall be impeached before the magistrates.

Laws respecting Slaves and Freed Servants.

He that beats another man's servant may have an action brought against him.

Any slave unable to drudge under the imperiousness of his master, may compel him to let him quit his service for one more mild and gentle.

Slaves may buy themselves out of bondage.

No slaves are to have their liberty given them in the public theatre, the crier that proclaims it shall be declared infamous.

All emancipated slaves shall pay certain services, and do homage to the masters who gave them their liberty, chusing them only for their patrons; performing duly those duties which the laws require of them. Patrons are permitted to bring an action against such freed slaves as are remiss in the said duties, and reduce them to their former state of bondage, if the charge be proved against them; but if the charge be groundless they shall remain in full possession of their freedom.

Any who have a mind, whether citizens or strangers, may give evidence in the above-mentioned causes.

Maintenance is by no means to be given to a slave that is remiss in his duty.

Laws concerning the Senate of Five Hundred, and the Popular Assemblies.

No one is to be twice an Epistata.

The crier shall pray for the good success of affairs, and encourage all men to exert themselves for the interests of their country.

The crier shall publicly expose him and his whole family who shall appear in court and conduct a cause, or give his vote for the sake of gain.

Let the most ancient of the Athenians, having decently composed their bodies, deliver their most prudent and wise thoughts to the people, and after them let such of the rest as will do the like, succeed each other one by one, according to seniority. One of Solon's laws.

In every assembly let there be one tribe elected to preside, and to look after the laws.

The senate of five hundred may fine as far as five hundred drachms.

Let the senate of five hundred build new ships.

Such as have not built any shall be refused the donation of crowns.