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35 Watch then--for you know not when the owner of the house is coming, 36 at evening or at midnight or at cock-crow or in the morning--lest 37 he come suddenly and find you sleeping. And what I say to you I say to all, watch."

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Now after two days it was the passover and the festival of unleavened bread. And the high priests and the scribes were trying how they could 2 seize him by craft and kill him; for they said, "Not during the festival, in case of a possible tumult among the people."

3

And when he was in Bethany, in the house of Simon the leper, as he reclined at meat, a woman came with an alabaster flask of pure nard perfume, most precious; and breaking the flask she proceeded to pour 4 it over his head. Now some people were inwardly indignant: "Why," 5 said they, "has the perfume been wasted thus? This perfume might have been sold for more than three hundred shillings and given to the 6 poor." And they went on scolding her. But Jesus said, "Let her alone. 7 Why molest her? She has done a noble deed for me. For you have the

poor always beside you, and whenever you like you can do them 8 good but you have not always me. She has done what she could: she 9 has anointed my body in anticipation of the burial. And I tell you truly, wherever the glad tidings shall be preached through the whole 10 world, this woman's deed shall be also told, in memory of her."

Then Judas of Kerioth, who was one of the twelve, went off to the high 11 priests to betray him to them. Delighted to hear it, they promised to pay him money. And he kept trying how he could betray him at an opportune moment.

12

And on the first day of unleavened bread (when people sacrificed the paschal lamb) his disciples say to him, "Where wilt thou have us go and 13 make ready for thee to eat the paschal lamb?" Then he despatches two of his disciples, saying to them, "Go your way into the city; and a man shall 14 meet you carrying a pitcher of water. Follow him; and wherever he shall enter, say to the master of the house, 'The teacher says, "Where is my guest chamber, where I may eat the paschal lamb with my disciples?' 15 And he will himself show you a large upper room all ready, spread with 16 couches. Make ready there for us. So the disciples left and went into the city, and found it was exactly as he had said to them; and they 17 made ready the passover. And when it was evening he comes with 18 the twelve. And as they reclined at table and ate, Jesus said, "I tell you 19 truly, one of you-one who is eating with me-shall betray me." They began to be sorrowful and to say to him one by one, "Can it be I?" 20 And he said to them, "It is one of the twelve, one who is dipping in the dish with me.

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For the Son of man goes on his way, even as it is written of him;
But woe to that man through whom the Son of man is betrayed!
Better for that man had he never been born!"

And as they were eating he took bread, and after the blessing broke 23 and gave it to them, saying, "Take it, this is my body." Also he took a cup, gave thanks and gave it to them, and they all drank of it; and 24 he said to them, "This is my covenant-blood which is poured out for 25 many. I tell you truly, never again shall I drink of the produce of the vine, till that day when in God's reign I drink it new."

26, 27

Then after a song of praise they went out to the hill of Olives. And Jesus says to them, "All of you shall be repelled since it is written, 28 I will smite the shepherd, and the sheep shall be scattered abroad. But after I

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29 rise, I will go before you into Galilee." Peter said to him, "Though all 30 shall be repelled, yet I will not." Then Jesus says to him, "I tell thee truly to-day, this very night, ere ever the cock crows twice, three times 31 thou shalt deny me." But he repeated the more vehemently, "Though I have to die with thee, I will not deny thee." And so said all of them as 32 well. And they come to a piece of ground named Gethsemanê. 33 And he says to his disciples, "Sit here until I pray." And with him he takes Peter and James and John. And he began to feel appalled and sorely 34 troubled. And he says to them, "My soul is very sorrowful, even to 35 death: stay here and watch." Then he went forward a little, falling on the ground and praying that if it were possible, the hour might pass 36 away from him. His words were, "Abba! Father! anything is possible to thee; remove this cup from me. Yet not what I will, but what 37 thou wilt." Then he comes and finds them sleeping; and he says to Peter, "Sleeping, Simon? Hadst thou not strength to watch a single hour? 38 Watch and pray, lest you enter into temptation: the spirit is eager, but 39 the flesh is weak." Then once more he went away and prayed, uttering 40 the same words. And once more he came and found them sleeping, for their eyes were very heavy; and they did not know how to answer 41 him. Then coming for the third time, he says to them, "So you sleep and rest? It is enough. The hour has come; behold, the Son of man is 42 betrayed into the hands of sinners! Rise, let us be going. Behold, my 43 betrayer is near!" And immediately, when he was still speaking, Judas (one of the twelve) comes up accompanied by a horde with swords 44 and clubs, from the high priests and the scribes and the elders. Now his betrayer had given them a signal, saying, "Whomsoever I kiss, that is the 45 man seize him and get him safely away." So on arriving he immedi46 ately approached him, saying "Rabbi," and kissed him fondly. And 47 they laid hands on him and seized him. But one of the bystanders drew

his sword and struck the slave of the high priest, cutting off his ear. 48 And Jesus answered and said to them, "Did you come out as against a 49 robber, with swords and clubs to arrest me? Day by day I was with you in the temple teaching, and you did not seize me. However, it is 50 in fulfilment of the scriptures." Then they all left him alone and fled. 51 Yet one young man accompanied him, with a linen cloth thrown round 52 him over his naked body. They seize him also, but he left the linen cloth behind him and fled naked.

53 And they led Jesus away to the high priest, and all the high 54 priests and the elders and the scribes accompany him. And Peter followed him from afar till he was inside the palace of the high priest; then he sat along with the officers and warmed himself at the 55 lighted fire. Now the high priests and in fact the whole Sanhedrin sought for witness against Jesus to get him put to death, but they found 56 none. For while many bore false witness against him, their evidence 57 did not agree. And some persons stood up and bore false witness against 58 him; they said, "We heard him say, 'I will break down this sanctuary made by hands, and after three days I will build another made by no 59, 60 hands." Yet not even thus did their evidence agree. And the high priest stood up in the midst and questioned Jesus, saying, "Hast thou no 61 answer? Of what do these men bear evidence against thee?" He kept silence and made no answer. Again the high priest questioned him, say62 ing to him, "Art thou the Christ, the Son of the Blessed?" And Jesus said, "I am : and you shall see the Son of man sitting at the right hand of 1 Omitting []. . . [[¿ 'Ioxxpiúrns]].

63 the Power and coming with the clouds of the sky." So the high priest rent 64 his vestments, saying, "What further witnesses do we need? You heard the blasphemy; what is your opinion?" And they all condemned him to 65 the doom of death. And some started to spit on him, also to blindfold him and buffet him, and then say to him, "Prophesy!" Even the officers 66 received him with blows. And while Peter was down below in 67 the courtyard, one of the maidservants of the high priest comes; and on seeing Peter warming himself, she looked at him and says, "Thou also 68 wast with the man of Nazaret, Jesus." But he denied it, saying, "I know not-I do not understand what thou meanest." Then he went out 69 into the fore-court. And seeing him the maidservant began once more to 70 say to the bystanders, "This man is one of them." But he again persisted in denying it. Then after a little while the bystanders again said to Peter, "To be sure, thou art one of them. Why, thou art a Galilaean!" 71 But he began to curse and swear, "I know not this man whom you 72 mean." And immediately the cock crowed for the second time. Then Peter recollected the word that Jesus had spoken to him, "Before the cock crows twice, three times thou shalt deny me." And as he thought of it he wept.

151

3 says,

And in the morning the high priests along with the elders and scribes and the whole Sanhedrin immediately held a consultation, bound Jesus, 2 carried him away, and delivered him up to Pilate. And Pilate questioned him, "Art thou the king of the Jews?" And in reply to him he "Certainly." Then the high priests brought many accusations 4 against him. And again Pilate questioned him,2 2Hast thou no reply? 5 Look at what grave accusations they bring against thee!" But to Pilate's 6 wonder, Jesus made no further reply. Now at festival time he used to 7 release for them one prisoner, whom they begged from him. And there was a man called Bar-Abbas imprisoned along with the rioters, men who 8 had committed murder in the riot. So the multitude went up and began 9 to ask him for his customary boon. Pilate answered them, "Do you 10 wish me to release for you the king of the Jews?" (for he saw it was 11 for envy that the high priests had delivered him up). But the high

priests stirred up the crowd to make him release Bar-Abbas for them 12 instead. And in reply Pilate again said to them, "Then what am I to 13 do with him whom you call 'the king of the Jews'?" And again they 14 shouted, "Crucify him." Said Pilate to them, "Why, what evil has he 15 done?" But they shouted vehemently, "Crucify him." So, as Pilate wanted to satisfy the crowd, he released for them Bar-Abbas; and after scourging Jesus he delivered him up to be crucified.

16

Now the soldiers led him away inside the palace (that is, the 17 praetorium). Then calling the whole cohort together, they clothe him in 18 purple, and after plaiting a wreath of thorns they put it on him; and 19 they began to salute him, "Hail, king of the Jews!" And they smote

his head with a reed, and they spat on him, and they did homage 20 to him on bended knee. Then after their mockery of him, they stripped off the purple and put his own garments upon him. And

21 they lead him out to crucify him, and force a passer-by to carry his cross, namely Simon a Cyrenian who was on his way from the country (the 22 father of Alexander and Rufus). So they bring him to the place 23 Golgotha (which when translated means, "The place of a skull"). Then 24 they offered him wine flavoured with myrrh, but he would not take it. And they crucify him, and distribute his garments amony them by casting 1 Omitting καὶ ἀλέκτωρ ἐφώνησεν. 2 Omitting [[2]]. 3 Omitting [[062676]].

25 lots over them for each man's share. (It was the third hour, when they 26 crucified him.) And the title of his crime was inscribed, THE KING 27 OF THE JEWS. Also they crucify along with him two robbers, one on 29 his right hand and one on his left. And the passers-by heaped abuse

on him, wagging their heads and saying, "Ha! thou who wouldst break 30 down the sanctuary and build it in three days, save thyself and come 31 down from the cross!" Similarly, the high priests also mocked him among themselves with the scribes, saying, "Others he saved, himself 32 he cannot save! Let 'the Christ,' the king of Israel,' come down now from the cross, that we may see and believe!" Those also who were crucified with him kept denouncing him.

33 And when the sixth hour came, a darkness covered the whole land till 34 the ninth hour. And at the ninth hour Jesus cried with a loud voice, "Eloi, elôi, lama sabachthanei?" (which when translated means, " My God, 35 my God, why hast thou forsaken me?") And on hearing it some of the 36 bystanders said, "Look, he is calling Elijah!" Then one man ran, filled a sponge full of vinegar, put it on a reed, and offered him it to drink, saying, "Hold! let us see if Elijah does come to take him 37, 38 down." But Jesus uttered a loud cry and expired. And the veil of the 39 sanctuary was torn in two, from top to bottom. Now when the centurion, who had been standing by opposite him, saw that he thus expired, he said, 40 "This man was certainly a son of God." Now there were also women

looking on from a distance. Among them were Mary of Magdala, Mary 41 the mother of James the younger and of Joses, and also Salomê (women who used to follow him when he was in Galilee and minister to him), as well as many other women who had come up with him to Jerusalem.

42

And now that it was evening, since it was the Preparation (that is, 43 the day before the sabbath), Joseph of Arimathaea-a councillor of good position, who was also waiting himself for the reign of God-took courage 44 and went in to Pilate and asked for the body of Jesus. Pilate was astonished that he was dead already, and summoning the centurion 45 he inquired of him if he had been dead for any time. And on ascer46 taining it from the centurion, he granted the corpse to Joseph. And he brought a linen cloth, took him down, wrapt him in the linen cloth, and laid him in a tomb which had been hewn out of a rock. Then he 47 rolled a stone against the entrance to the tomb. (Now Mary of Magdala and Mary the mother of Joses were looking to see where he was laid.)

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And when the sabbath had elapsed, Mary of Magdala and Mary the 2 mother of James and Salomê bought spices, to go and anoint him. And very early on the first day of the week, they go to the tomb when 3 the sun was up. And they were saying to themselves, "Who will roll 4 away the stone for us from the entrance to the tomb?" But on looking up they observe that the stone had been rolled back (rolled, for it was 5 very large). And when they entered the tomb they saw a young man 6 sitting on the right, clothed in a white robe; and they were appalled. But he says to them, "Be not appalled! you are seeking Jesus the man of Nazaret, the crucified; he has risen, he is not here. Look! here is the 7 place where they laid him. But go your way, tell his disciples and Peter, 'He goes before you into Galilee; you shall see him there, as he 8 told you.' Then they went out and fled from the tomb, for trembling and amazement possessed them. And they said nothing to anyone, for they were afraid. . .

[75-90 A.D.] MATTHEW

The author is no Pharisaic Jewish Christian. His desire is to represent the advanced and universal form of Jewish Christianity, to guard it, to give it a firmer consciousness of its rights, and at the same time to oppose Judaism. With this point of view, his work maintains throughout a character that lies above all party-extremes. "Catholic": that is the final impression which this writing over and again presents most unmistakably, whether we look at its teaching on the church, its idea of Peter's primacy, its Christology and Trinity (pointing already in the direction of later dogma), or lastly its ethics.

Many features that at first strike one as due to Jewish and OT thought, may quite well be explained by the requirements of the church, which was accustomed from the outset to seek its own early history in the OT. Our first gospel is properly a book upon the OT possessions and inheritance of the new religion. In fact, not merely does the whole life of Jesus appear to be determined by the prophecies of the OT-that is the general rule, more or less, throughout the synoptic representation-but, in addition to this, the materials common to the synoptists have been expanded in a variety of ways, after the style of the OT historical writings; candidly, they have undergone alterations for the purpose of stirring OT reminiscences in still larger numbers. Whatever stands debited to the Messiah in the OT, must be discovered to his credit in the evangelic history, and OT vouchers must be adduced for all the deeds and fortunes of the Messiah that are fixed in the church's faith.-Holtzmann.

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