and state in connection with this what you know about the nucleus of cells.

22. Describe a Sponge, and explain how it differs from the Protozoa, and from other animals.

23. Describe the bones of the leg and foot in man or any other mammal. What is the trochanter of the femur? What animals have a third trochanter?

24. Describe the bones of the forelimb and pectoral girdle in some vertebrate. Why is the coracoid bone so called?

(h)

25. What is a cell? Give the constituent parts of an ordinary cell, and describe how you would show these parts.

26. Explain this statement: "Every plant at one time of its life consists of a single cell, and some plants never consist of more than one cell."

27. Describe briefly the following:-A Starch grain, a Chlorophyll grain, Epidermis, Bark, Stomata, and Hairs on plants.

28. Explain the meaning of an endogenous and an exogenous stem, drawing a diagram of each.

(k)

29. Whence is the force derived which causes materials to be ejected from volcanoes? State your opinion as to the cause of volcanic outbursts.

30. Mention what substances, solid and fluid, are given off by volcanoes.

31. Enumerate the conditions which affect climate, and show how places on the same latitude may differ in climate.

32. Describe carefully what occurs when an earthquake takes place, showing how the depth in the earth's crust of the original disturbance may be estimated.

Science.

Higher Local.

(a) ELEMENTARY CHEMISTRY, PHYSICS, AND BIOLOGY; (b) CHEMISTRY; (c) PHYSICS; (d) BOTANY; (e) ZOOLOGY; (ƒ) PHYSIOLOGY; (g) PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY.

All Students are expected to satisfy the Examiners in (a) and in one at least of the subjects (b) to (g). No Student will be examined in more than three of the subjects (b) to (g) in one year.

(a)

1. What is Ozone? How is it prepared, and how distinguished from oxygen ?

2. Explain clearly what is meant by the statement that "Oxygen has specific gravitý 1,105, and atomic weight 16."

3. What is meant by distillation of water; and why is this process necessary to the chemist? What are hard and soft

waters?

4. The railway from London to Edinburgh is about 400 miles long; the extreme variation of temperature between winter and summer is 90° F.; find the variation in the whole length of the rails of wrought line.

5. The specific gravity of oxygen at 87° F. is the same as that of air of 32° F.; denoting this by unity, determine the specific gravity of oxygen at 32° F., the pressure being constant.

6. Explain with reference to Bacteria the terms "Brownian Movements," "Cilia," and "Zooglea stage," describing how you would show each.

7. Define the terms, Plant, Fungus, Hypha, Conidia, Zoospore, and Alternation of Generations, using Mucór or Penicillium as examples.

(b)

8. Explain and discuss the Atomic theory. How far do you consider it hypothetical, and how far capable of proof?

9. Show that "atoms in the gaseous state all occupy the same space." How does this fact affect the combining volumes of gases?

10. What is an "acid," an "alkali," a "salt"? How far do you consider these terms appropriate?

11. What is an oxide? Briefly describe the various oxides of Nitrogen.

(c)

12. A pound of cold iron is placed in a pound of hot water; the water loses 5° of temperature; find what the iron gains.

13. Find how much steam at 100° C. is required to raise the temperature of 540 ounces of water from 0° C. to 100° C.

14. The bulb and the tube of a thermometer up to the freezing point mark are immersed in water at 50° C., while the rest of the tube has the temperature 0° C.; find what will be the reading of the thermometer.

15. A weight of a ton is lifted by a steam-engine to the height of 386 feet; find how many units of heat are required for this work.

(d)

16. A tissue is a combination of two or more cells obeying a common law of growth. Explain this.

17. Trace the various stages through which a collection of simple cells would pass, until they became converted into pitted vessels. Illustrate with diagrams.

18. Describe minutely a typical Fibro-vascular Bundle.

19. The Fibro-vascular tissue of a plant has been compared to the skeleton of an animal: examine the comparison.

(e)

20. How are Insecta distinguished from Crustacea? Describe the appendages of a typical member of each group.

21. What do you understand by symmetry? Give instances of radial and of bilateral symmetry.

22. The Cæcilia were described by early travellers in Brazil as huge earthworms: state all the characters by which we know they are not such.

23. Refer the following to their place in classification, stating the characters of each: Gallus, Lepus, Cervus, Pteropus, Rana.

(f)

24. What is meant by "connective tissue"? Describe the principal varieties of it.

25. What is cartilage, and how may it become converted into bone?

26. What is meant by striated muscle? Describe its appearance (i) in the insect, (ii) in the amphibian and mammal.

27. What is a nerve ganglion? Describe one fully, illustrating your answer by diagrams.

(g)

28. Point out the causes which regulate the deposition of sediment, and explain the origin of the various kinds of sedimentary rocks.

29. Volcanic rocks have been divided into two classes, acidic and basic. Give the name and mineralogical composition of a common rock of each class.

30. How would you distinguish marine from fresh-water deposits? Enumerate the principal fresh-water deposits in England.

31. Draw up a table giving the classification of the Cambrian and Silurian rocks. Describe in detail the May Hill Sandstone (= Llandovery rocks), its sub-divisions, geographical distribution, and characteristic fossils.

Logic.

General Paper.

1. What is a proposition? How does it differ from a sentence? Make a table of propositions, classified according to kind, quality, and quantity.

2. Give original examples of exclusive, exceptive, essential, ampliative, truistic, pure, and modal propositions.

3. What do we mean by distributing the subject or predicate of a proposition? Explain the terms:-contrary, subcontrary, contradictory, and subaltern.

4. What is meant by converting a proposition? Give examples of the different sorts of conversion.

5. Give a definition and examples of each of the five predicables, and explain the following terms :-infima species, summum genus, sui generis, homogeneous, heterogeneous.

Give the rules for it.

6. What is meant by logical division? Give examples of cross division and of dichotomy.

7. What is definition? Criticise the following definitions :— (i) A chair is a four-legged piece of furniture, and is not to be used as a table or a sideboard.

(ii) A student is a person who studies.

(iii) "Political economy is the science of the laws which regulate the production, distribution, and consumption of wealth."

8. Analyse the following passage:—

"And here it were fit to leave this point, touching the concurrence of military virtue and learning (for what example should come with any grace after those two of Alexander and Cæsar?), were it not in regard of the rareness of circumstance, that I find in one other particular, as that which did so suddenly pass from extreme scorn to extreme wonder; and it is of Xenophon the philosopher, who went from Socrates' school into Asia in the expedition of Cyrus the younger against King Artaxerxes." (Bacon, "Advancement of Learning.")