= ter, Palmer, Landerer, and Weizsäcker, and since then has been chiefly supplied by contributions from the members of these two schools. For more than ten years it has been entrusted to the special direction of the Göttingen church historian Wagenmann (Jahrbücher für deutsche Theologie, 4 numbers; Gotha, Besser; Mark 14.40 $3.60). This quarterly, particularly since it has added to its essays a separate division for critical bibliography, namely, since 1862, bears externally a tolerably similar form to that of the "Studien und Kritiken." As to contents it is predominantly an organ of the mediating theological party, the Vermittlungstheologie, to which the large majority of its especially active regular contributors belong, such as Diestel, Dillmann, H. Schultz, Weizsäcker, Zöpffel. The chief founders, Liebner and Dorner, meant by the name Jahrbücher für deutsche Theologie to refer to the thoughtful German mysticism of the closing middle ages. The corresponding theosophical mystical element was at first quite powerfully represented in the journal. Of late, however, it has gone more into the background; at least, the contributors like Schöberlein and Hamberger, who chiefly pursued such thoughts, seem for several years past to have been less diligent in articles whether in the essay or the review department. The contributors who now come forward most distinctly, belong almost, for the larger part, to the left rather than to the right wing of the Vermittlungs theology. The department of Old Testament exegetical and theological research, in particular, has for a considerable time been supplied with scarcely any other articles and reviews than those of a negative critical stamp. Zeitschrift für Protestantismus und Kirche. One of the two scientific organs of the Lutheran confessional theology has with the opening of this year ceased its activity; it is the " Journal for Protestantism and Church," founded at Erlangen by Dr. A. Harless in 1838, on the occasion of his contest with the Bavarian ultramontanism of that day. We regret that this journal should have fallen a sacrifice to the ecclesiastical indifference of the present. It was constantly edited with judgment, and by its thorough papers in almost all the chief departments of theology it had a thankworthy influence on the course of the theoretical and as well of the practical development of the evangelical church in Germany. From the first also it secured for itself abundant sympathy and an important influence outside of the Lutheran state church of Bavaria. Naturally enough in times of the internal conflicts of the state church, the specifically Bavarian-Lutheran questions were assigned in it an extended space. Yet they exercised but temporarily an injurious effect on the variety of its contents. Zeitschrift für die gesammte lutherische Theologie und Kirche. The "Journal for the entire Lutheran Theology and Church ” began only a few years after the above-named journal, namely, in 1840. At first it was edited by A. H. Rudelbach and H. E. F. Guericke; since Rudelbach's death in 1862, Franz Delitzsch has taken his place (Zeitschrift für die gesammte lutherische Theologie und Kirche; 4 numbers; Leipzig, Dörffling und Franke; 12 Mark = $3.00). It has striven to answer to its name both by its contents, through a striking variety of material treated in the articles and in the "critical bibliography," and by its practical church tendency. The latter, on account of the breadth of the programme, which includes the interests of the whole Lutheran church, could never be narrowly limited and sharply defined. Hence, Lutherans who belong to the Prussian, Saxon, Bavarian, and Hessian churches, as well as the representatives of the Lutheran Free Church movement, have been able to raise their voices in it. Its defensive and offensive activity has, above all, sought constantly to serve the common sanctuary of all Lutherans, the doctrine of the Lutheran church. What the journal has done for this cause, positively as well as negatively, directly as well as indirectly, is its chief merit, and the chief ground for the authority and importance accorded to it even beyond the boundaries of Germany, particularly in Scandinavia and in North America. At this day, within the German theological review literature, it is the only organ for decidedly positive Scripture research in the Old Testament department, seeing that the other reviews favor in this respect almost unanimously the "critical" or modern liberal party. Der Beweis des Glaubens. We now turn to evangelical theological journals with a more narrowly limited programme, that is with a more particular definition of a scientific department. The first to be named is an apologetical monthly. "The Evidence of the Faith" is published under the directing co-operation of Professors O. Zöckler and R. Grau of Königsberg, Pastor O. Andreä in Wilmersdorf near Berlin, and Pastor K. Brachmann in Cologne (Der Beweis des Glaubens; 12 numbers; Gütersloh, Bertelsmann, 12 Mark: $3.00). The corps of editors is thus made up of representatives of academic scientific theology and of practical theology, and in it the confessional Lutheran element and the positive unionistic element join hands. Since its founding, some twelve years ago, 1865, it has with all its powers exercised not only a scientific theological, but also a more popular apologetical activity, according to its task, which consists in the "establishing and defending Christian truth for the educated." It has rejoiced in, if not a growing, at least a constant sympathy within the positive evangelical circles of Germany and of the neighboring countries. Since 1875 there has appeared also in its monthly numbers, besides the essays, a critical review division, in which new books, in and out of the sphere of theology, are discussed in so far as they offer a nearer or more distant relation to the apologetical task of the journal. Two other journals for special scientific departments, after a brief existence, were compelled by the unfavorable times to cease their issue; the "Archives for the Scientific Study of the Old Testament," Archiv für wissenschaftliche Erforschung des Alten Testaments, by Dr. Adalbert Merx, of Jena, later in Tübingen, Giessen, and Heidelberg; and the "German Quarterly for the Study and Criticism of English Theology," Deutsche Vierteljahrsschrift für englisch-theologische Forschung und Kritik, edited by Dr. M. Heidenheim, and issued in irregular numbers, 1862-1872, with frequent interruptions. A few journals, chiefly serving practical Christian interests may still be mentioned here, in so far as they at least occasionally open their columns to the scientific theological element. The "Weekly Journal for Evangelical Pastors and Church Officers," Wochenschrift für das evangelische Pfarramt und das kirchliche Gemeindeamt (52 numbers of −1 sheet, high 4to; Gütersloh, Bertelsmann; 8 Mark $2.00) seems in general thus far to have gained a circulation only among the Lutheran pastors of the state church in Prussia. An undertaking of a similar kind, which started in 1865 under the care of E. Ohy, the "Pastoral Journal for the Evangelical Church," Pastoralblatt für die evangelische Kirche (Wiesbaden, Niedner), had to stop in 1871. = = On the other hand, the "Pastoral Journal for Homiletics, Catechetics, and the Care of Souls," Pastoralblatt für Homiletik, Katechetik und Seelsorge (12 numbers; large 8vo; Leipzig, Teubner; Mark 9.60 $2.40), in its "New Series" the practical theological review, "Law and Testimony," Gesetz und Zeugniss, has already begun its seventh year, the nineteenth volume of the whole. It is a widely circulated homiletical organ of the Lutheran churchly party, and contains brief criticisms of literary theological publications. Connected with this comes the "Catechetical Quarterly for Clergymen and Teachers," Katechetische Vierteljahrsschrift für Geistliche und Lehrer (4 numbers; large 8vo; Leipzig, Teubner; Mark 3.60 - $0.90), which has with 1877 reached its thirteenth year, a token of the sympathy it meets with, and of the solid character of its contents. Besides catechizings, it contains articles on catechical questions, school discourses, and the like, and critical reviews. We find moreover a few organs for missions, which at least in many numbers approach the scientific character of the above-mentioned "General Journal for Missions," although the practical popular element predominates in them. The oldest of all these sheets is the Basel "Magazine for the Newest History of Missions and of Bible Societies,” Magazin für die neueste Geschichte der Mission und der Bibelgesellschaften, founded in 1816; since 1857, partly changing its form and arrangements, it has taken the shorter title: "Evangelical Magazine for Missions," Evangelisches MissionsMagazin. Professor Franz Delitzsch has edited since 1864, for a time in connection with Pastor Becker of Koenigsberg in the Neumarkt, a "Journal for the Mission of the Church to Israel" under the title of "Sowing in Hope," Saat auf Hoffnung (4 numbers; Erlangen, Deichert; Mark 1.50 = $0.37). Pastor Theodor Schäfer in Altona edits the "Monthly for Church Charity,' and for Inner Missions," Monatsschrift für Diakonie und innere Mission. = = We have also received since the beginning of last year a "Monthly for Liturgy and Church Music," under the title of Siona. It is edited by Pastor M. Herold in Schwabach and Dr. E. Krüger, professor of music at Göttingen (Siona; 12 numbers; one sheet, large 8vo; Gütersloh, Bertelsmann; 4 Mark $1.00); and the illustrated "Archives for Church Architecture and Church Ornament," Archiv für kirchliche Baukunst und Kirchenschmuck (6 numbers; folio; Berlin, Logier in commission; 12 Mark = $3.00), edited by the Berlin architect, Theodor Prüfer. These are both worthy publications, not of a directly theological character, and yet of large importance for certain special lines of theological research and of the official work of ordinary clergymen. Catholic Journals. Finally, we may say a word about the Catholic theological periodicals of Germany. If we leave out of consideration the Church papers, the numerous pastoral journals for particular dioceses, the organs for Inner Missions, and the Christian newspapers for the people, we have really but one strictly scientific organ to name. This is the " Theological Quarterly," Theologische Quartalschrift (4 numbers; Tübingen, Laupp; 9 Mark= $2.25), edited since 1819 by the Catholic faculty at Tübingen. The present editors are Professors Kuhn, Himpel, Kober, Linsemann, Funk, and Schanz. In view of its honorable age and its not unimportant historical past, it may claim among Roman Catholic journals an authority similar to that of the "Theologische Studien und Kritiken " among evangelical reviews. Yet for a long time it has failed to accomplish the task it executed in its prime, under the leadership of Möhler, Herbst, Von Drey, and Hefele. Of late, owing to its very moderate character and its not particularly friendly posture towards the doctrine of infallibility, it seems to have suffered quite a severe diminution of its former popularity. At the beginning of this article we referred to the fact that another organ of thoroughly scientific character, Reusch's "Theologisches Literaturblatt," 1" Church Charity" is not the equivalent of the German word "Diakonie." German deaconesses, like sisters of charity, take care of the sick, and of children, and of servants, and "Diakonie" is the general term for this activity. Inner Missions comprise all manner of charitable enterprises, which are chiefly exercised, it would appear, by laymen under the general direction of clergymen, such as lodging-houses for apprentices, sometimes Sunday-schools, Bible-classes, Young Men's Christian Associations, Mothers' meetings, and the like. — TR. had been anathematized by the Ultramontane party and completely excluded from the company of the journals recognized as belonging to the church. The "Catholic," Katholik, published under Bishop Ketteler's auspices by the Mainz Canons Moufang and Heinrich, is an influential review in ultramontane circles. Owing to its strictly scholastic1 character we can hardly attribute to it the importance of a scientific theological organ. We should much sooner have to grant the title of vigorous scientific character to Von Moy's, now Vering's, "Archives for Catholic Canon Law," Archiv für katholisches Kirchenrecht, and to the Munich "Historico-Political Journal," Historisch-Politische Blätter. But these fall outside of the number of theological journals strictly so-called, the one being chiefly a scientific legal journal, and the other a scientific historical journal. ARTICLE IX. EDITORIAL CORRESPONDENCE. THE SOCIETY OF BIBLICAL ARCHAEOLOGY. — MR. GEORGE SMITH. THE readers of the Bibliotheca Sacra are doubtless familiar with the fact that there exists in England a "Society of Biblical Archaeology," instituted "for the investigation of the Archaeology, History, Arts, and Chronology of Ancient and Modern Assyria, Palestine, Egypt, Arabia, and other biblical lands, the promotion of the study of the Antiquities of those countries, and the record of future discoveries which may be made in connection therewith." The first movement to organize such a society was made, under the direction of Dr. Birch of the British Museum, in November 1870, and it now numbers several hundred members, among whom are found many of the ablest Biblical and Oriental scholars of England and the continent of Europe. Not the least interesting fact in regard to the membership is that the names of fifty or more ladies appear upon the roll, and the large number of wealthy and cultivated women that are seen at the regular meetings of the Society shows that they desire to promote its objects not only by their means, but by personal observation and study. The "Transactions" of the Society which are published from time to time, —generally two parts a year, have now reached the fifth volume, and are to be found in all our larger libraries, and occasionally in the possession of private scholars. It should be mentioned that the present Society absorbed several older TR. 1 In the sense of the scholasticism of the middle ages. |