and sharpen these for cutting; and, moreover, by thus cliciting sparks he made the accidental discovery of fire. Now all this may have been; but it is an unscientific method to take our present knowledge of implements and their uses and prescribe from this the way in which the primitive man must have invented his tools. It is, to say the least, a curious accident that no such accident as is here imagined for the savage ever happened to the monkey; that it never occurred to him to crack a stone and shape it into a knife, or to gather sparks for kindling a fire. And it is still more curious indeed unaccountable upon the theory of a kindred intelligence-that no monkey, baboen, chimpanzee has profited by the example of man in learning to make implements of the crude native materials about him. Different tribes of savages, it is believed, have separately stumbled upon these inventions; but in all the ages since the Stone Age, no tribe of Simiae has either stumbled upon such inventions or copied them from man. The most savage tribes learn from civilized man to improve their weapons of warfare; sometimes copy with deadly effect the weapons and tactics of their superiors; but no tribe of Simiac has yet learned to make the simple weapons of stone that even the rudest savage manufactures for himself. All experience. teaches us that man is the only animal capable of fashioning an implement for a specific purpose; and hence the implements of the Stone Age are a primitive demarcation between man and other animals. This fact has no necessary bearing upon the question of man's derivation as to his bodily frame; but it does mark very distinctly a point of departure in the crude pre-historic data of our race. The Stone Age is after all an age of human capacity, discovery, invention, and also of prophecy, and we need not be ashamed of our connection with it. Admitting that the first suggestion of a knife, the first hint of fire, came of the accidental striking of two flints together; in the same sense it may be said that the invention of the 1 Sir John Lubbock's Pre-historic Times, chap. xiv. steam-engine was accidental, being suggested by the vapor lifting the lid of a tea-kettle; and if we may accept the legends about Newton and Galileo, the discovery of gravitation was due to the accident of a falling apple; the suggestion of the heavenly motions, to the accidental swinging of a chandelier. In every case there was something in the man for the accident to work upon; the accidental sharpening of the stone sharpened his capacity into a purpose for adapting inorganic nature to his use; the first spark struck from the flint elicited a spark from his consciousness that kindled to a flame of invention. What we sce in the Stone Age is man asserting his supremacy over nature by taking into his own hands her raw materials and shaping these to his higher uses. The first attempts are crude enough, and the progress to polished and ornamental implements, and to works in metal, is toilsome and slow. But the germ of great possibilities is there; the science of architecture is there; the science of engineering is there; the science of husbandry is there; all arts, manufactures, inventions are potentially there; for in building the cathedral, the fort, the viaduct, in forging Krupp's cannon, and the armor of the Thunderer, man is but carrying to higher and yet higher perfection that which he began to do when he first formed the rough materials about him into tools and weapons for his own usc. Не then began the mastery of nature through his adaptive intelligence and his purposing will. All that he has yet accomplished in subordinating and adapting nature to his ends has been through the development of the faculty that first taught him to shape an implement out of a stone. That line of demarcation separates man on the one side from physical nature by all that is possible in invention, and on the other side separates him from other animals by all that is actual in achievements over nature. That Hence the prominence given by science to the Stone Age involves no controversy with the philosophy of man. age is not derogatory to man as philosophy would present him in his intellectual and moral attributes. The surveying, measuring, choosing, purposing, conquering intelligence is already there, discriminating him from the brute not only quantitively, but qualitatively also. The old arguments of philosophy for the exaltation of man are indeed brought in question by modern science. Consciousness, language, reason, reflection, memory, imagination, the domestic affections, the emotions, and even the moral feelings-all these once assumed to be distinguishing prerogatives of the human species are now claimed in some degree for different animals. I shall not trespass here on this debatable ground. Science has first of all to do with facts, without regard to their bearing upon theories of philosophy and ethics. But it is science that offers us the Stone Age as an incontestable witness for man. And surely, the germs of the spiritual and the ethical are given in an intelligence that first addressed itself to the mastery of rude nature for human ends. The conquest of thought over matter began in the making of implements; and the first rude scratches to record memory, feeling, or fancy foreshadowed that supreme implement of thought by which man gives permanence to knowledge by the written page, records the phenomena of nature and the discoveries of science, and transmits to other ages the history of the race. ARTICLE V. HORAE SAMARITANAE; OR, A COLLECTION OF VARIOUS BY REV. B. PICK, ROCHESTER, N. Y. 6 and he shall flay ραντες. LEVITICUS. CHAP. I. Sam. and they shall flay; Sept. kaì ¿kdeí and cut- Sam. and they shall cut; Sept. pedrovσiv. 7 the priest Sam. the priests; Sept. oi iepeîs. 8 the head Sam. and the head; Sept. Kai Tηv kepaλýv. shall he wash ירחץ 9 Sam. by it is a burnt sacrifice; Sept. .liis offering to the Lord קרבני ליהיה .his offering - Sam קרבנו אל פתח אהל מועד :At the end of the verse the Samaritan adds sp at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation he shall bring it. 12 and he shall cut it διελοῦσιν. Sam. and they shall cut it; Sept. κai 17 he shall not - Sam. and he shall not b; Sept. κaì ov. CHAP. II. 1 frankincense thereon Sam. frankincense thereon, it is an oblation ** ; Sept. Ovoía corí. תקטירו 11 shall burn-Sam. " shall bring; Sept. πposoίere. 5 on the fire - Sam. пn by 28 enn by on the fire which is upon the altar. 8 the blood thereof 9 and the fat-Sam. the fat. Sam. ns the blood. 13 sons of Aaron 16 a sweet savor τῷ κυρίῳ. 5 that is anointed Sam. sons of Aaron the priests; Sept. ci iepeîs. CHAP. IV. that is anointed המשח אשר מלא את ידו .Sam seven times with his שבע פעמים באצבעו .Sam who consecrates his hand, Sept. ὁ τετελειωμένος τὰς χεῖρας. 17 and sprinkle-Sam. and sprinkle of the blood; Sept. ἀπὸ τοῦ αἵματος. before the veil - Sam. before the veil of the sanctuary ph; Sept. τοῦ ἁγίου. 18 he shall put - Sam. and the priest shall put. of the altar · Sam. Dixon pop of the altar of sweet incense; Sept. τῶν θυμιαμάτων τῆς συνθέσεως. 24 he shall kill Sam. they shall kill; Sept. opáčovou. 27 any of the commandments commandments; Sept. πασῶν τῶν ἐντολῶν. 29 in the place they kill; Sept. οὗ σφάξουσιν. any of all the אחת מכל מצות .Sam in the place where במקום אשר ישחטו את .Sam bottom of the altar המזבח מזבח העלה .Sam as he takes away יסיר החלב .fat is taken away - Sam הוסי חלב 31 30 bottom of the altar of the burnt offering (id. v. 34). the fat (id. v. 35). 35 priest shall burn them trs Sam. priest shall burn. CHAP. V. .shall sin יחטא .shall be guilty - Sam כי יאשם 5 concerning his sin מחטאתו 6 על חטאתו אשר חטא ונסלח לי .Sam for his sin which he hath sinned, and he shall be forgiven; Sept. περὶ τῆς ἁμαρτίας καὶ ἀφεθήσεται αὐτῷ ἡ ἁμαρτία. 8 and wring off-Sam. n p and the priest shall wring off; Sept. καὶ προςάξει ὁ ἱερεύς. |