hastily reared in 1956 for sugar ware. is true. Such is the country we reside houses? The foundation of a store in, and such the people we have to deal building for this important purpose was with. A certain great personage atlaid fome years ago, but the work was tended, with great pomp and parade of left off, and the money applied to the guards and trumpets ; and, it is said, building of an arsenal, large enough for was seen to thed tears at the fight of France or England, which can never be this dismal catastrophe. Crocodile's filled ; towards opening streets in the tears. Or perhaps he wept fincerely, to fields, and fields in the city ; in making see himself deprived in an instant, and new roads to Omas, and building pa- by an accident, ot the honour of accomlaces and fountains in the Ra F-a. plishing what he has been planning and

Will it be believed, that in those projecting for years: the ruin of the wooden barracks, the depository of such poor foreign merchants residing liere. an immense value, drunken porters were

What an inundation of galling regu. suffered to rummage the warehouses with lations! What a new. load of impositi. candles;' as was the cafe the evening ons are we not'now to expect ! Such an before the fire, and in all probability event as this will not fail to produce a the cause of it?

multiplicity of laws, decrees, edicts, Will it be believed, after the fire was &c.--So many fresh snares to the poor discovered by the centinels on duty, and trader.-By the same rule that we have the alarm given, nobody durst open the been paying such heavy taxes till now, doors till an order, or the keys, Mould for buildings that have never been built, arrive from a person at several miles dif- and lights that have never been lighted, tance, to whom a messenger was dif. we may now expect to pay rent for the patched on foot ?

new arsenal, one corner of which, tha' Will it be believed, that in conse- built and unoccupied these three years, quence of these ridiculous formalities, is found sufficient for a Custom-House, and the absurd orders that ensued, tho' with all its appendages of stores, warethe impetuosity of those whole proper. houses. &c. built of stone, and vaultties were at stake at last prevailed, in ed. By the same rule that our properhaving the doors burst open, yet ro ty has till now been so unjustly, so crua much time was lost, that tho' at first, elly detained, in the value ot effects viby opening a breach in the wall upon olently seized from us, during, and the brink of the quay, a thousand bales fince the war, for cloathing and feedmight have been saved, by rolling them ing the K-g's troops, may we not now into the river, with no great damage, expect to see it applied to the raising a and many goods entirely, by throwing new tuneral pile for the future fortunes them into the boats that attended in of some future factory! The will of great numbers, yet not a bale was saved God, or rather the will of 0-as, be from the fames ?

done !--We are in his power. -My Will it be believed, that in the midt feelings choak my utterance ! of this dreadful scene of havock, where “ Consider my situation, my dear the wealth of nations was perishing, a friend, and blaine, if you can, the aperson of no less consequence than the gony I betray, I was stript once ala President of the board of Trade Thould ready, you know, by the earthquake of come and attempt to divert the arten- 1755, though no man suffered by me. tion of those who were endeavouring to By industry and perseverance, honeft stop the progress of the flames, which industry and unremitting perleverance, threatened a large district of the city, to I bad itruggled through a thousand ditsuch a ridiculous obje&t as that of lav. ficulties to the prospect once more of ing a few chairs belonging to the K-g? acquiring a competency for my little

All this, as I have said, will scarcely family, and for old age, which is now be believed: ,Yet all this, and more, approaching i wien, tchuld in a few VOL. III.

iuniuit,

Y y

minutes, my labours are frustrated, my for a long course of years; and if this hopes blafted ; and I and my family re- method was taken of supplying the duced again to-I know not what wants of the families of clergymen, perWould to God I had no companions in haps for ever.- The consequence of acthis heavy misfortune: But alas! I cumulating such an immense fum in the "have many. Most English houses are hands of the church, which many peogreatly hurt: and if our friends in ple pretend to dread already, may, by England do not resolve, not only to this annual method of diftribution, be fpare, but to assist us, we are undone. prevented. But fhould there be suffi.

What has not this wretched place cient reasons against any alteration of suffered within these ten years past! the act for the augmentation of small Earthquakes, conflagrations, confpira- livings, in the way that I have propocies, imprisonments, confiscations, op. fed, yet one remedy is still left; a reprefive monopolies in trade, and a war medy which is entirely in the power of worse than either of the other calami- the legislature, which infringes on the ties, in its consequences, and the pre- right and property of none of the subtext it has given for the most grievous jects of England, and which will be no exaction of 10 per cent, which still con- less serviceable to the state than the tinues to be levied on all denominations church, that it should be applied to the of property and income, down to the better maintenance of our parochial pitiful pittance of a serving man. clergy The reader, who does not

know it, will be surprized perhaps to be told, that estates in this kingdom,

of no less value than 80,00ol. are left to From the GentLEMAN'S MAGAZINE. the support of religious houses and fe

minaries abroad. I do not publish this From Dr. Warner's Appendix to his

from common fame, for very few even Ecclefiaftical History.

of our great men know any thing F the nine thousand and some of it; but I speak it on authority not

hundred churches and chapels to be contradicted. If the parliament, which we have in England and Wales, therefore, would address the crown for fix thousand, I speak it on the best au- these eftates, which are justly forfeited, thority, are not above the value of 401. the annual produce of which is sent out a year. -As to queen Anne's bounty, of the kingdom, expressly contrary to it will indeed be the work of ages before law, and contrary to its religious and all the livings entitled to an augmenta- civil interests, there is no doubt but the tion can receive any benefit from it ;

crown would grant them; and these and it will be so0 years before every estates, together with the royal bounty, living can be raised to 6ol. a year by would make an effectual augmentation this royal bounty, supposing the same of all the small livings, as well as some money to be distributed as there has been provision for the widows and children for some years past. Would it not of the clergy. therefore better answer the designation of the firf fruits and tentlıs, in relieve ************** ing the wants and miseries of the infe. rior clergy, that the tenths at least, if From the GENTLEMAN'SMAGAZINE. not the interest of the sum accumulated, should be annually divided among fuch The interifting Quefiion, Whether Inowidows or children of the clergy as are

culation for the Small-Pox be favouin distress? I presume to say it would.

rable to Life, or the contrary, confio The great sum in hand, with the first

dered. fruits continually adding to it, would be HIS has been long debated afufficient to answer the demands of augnientation according to the present act,

mong 1s, and it is, at last, de.

termined

O

termined for Inoculation with such con- lation for the small pox, that it is a
fidence, that any thing now offered a. practice destructive of life, at least as it
gainit it is treated with contempt and is now managed.
ridicule. It is indeed true, that the It is incontestibly like the plague a
arguments which have hitherto been u. contagious disease, what tends to stop
fed by the opposers of Inoculation, are the progress of the infection tends to
such as have disgraced the cause, and leffen the danger that attends it; what
that, as far as they go, the triumph of tends to spread the contagion, tends to
their antagonils is just. When a man increase that danger; the practice of
tells you gravely, after he has admit. Inoculation manifectly tends to spread
ted that life, upon the whole, is pre- the contagion, for a contagious discase
served by Inoculation, that to inoculate is produced by Inoculation, where it
is to tempt God, and to take the arbi. would not otherwise have been produ-
trement of life and death out of his ced; the place where it is thus produs
Hand, he deserves to be treated with the ced becomes a center of contagion,
same contempt that we thew for the whence it spreads not less fatally or
Turks, when they give the same reason widely, than it would spread from a
for not securing themselves against the center where the disease should hoppen
plague by such methods as Providence in a natural way; these centers of con-
has put in their power.

tagion are manifestly multiplied very
But it seems that the practice has greatly by Inoculation, and the places
too haftily been admitted to be in fa. to which the disease is carried from such
vour of life, for the boasted proof of artificial centers, become also centers of
this fact is manifestly fallacious. It is contagion by means of the diseases are
said, that of a certain number who have tificially produced, and the numbers of
the small pox by inoculation, a much the sick in a natural way being thus en-
smaller proportion dies than of the same creased by an artificial production of the
nuinber that take it naturally ; but ad. disease, the number of deaths must also
mit this to be true, it does not tollow be encreased in the proportion in which
that Inoculation is a practice favoura. this disease found to be fatal ; and
ble to life. The chance of not having what then avails it to the advocate of
it at all seems to have been always very Inoculation, when, with his usual pa-
much under-rated ; we see that when rade and confidence, he tells you, the
the small pox gets into a country town individual that was inoculated had a
the place is comparatively deserted ; so better chance for his life by twenty to
that the inhabitants generally find it one, than if he had been taken with the
necessary to advertise that health is re natural small pox.
stored among them, in order to pre Our registers of births and burials
vent the delertion of their markets and secure this argument against the charge
the stagnation of their trade ; but hy of fanciful exaggeration of mere posis
whom are these places deserted ? by bilities, by incontestible fact.
those, certainly, who have never had Inoculation was first practised in Lon:
the distemper, or who fear to carry the don in the year 1721, and continued
contagion among those that have never gradually to gain ground ; so that in
had it ; and do those appear to be fo 1758 it had been practised upon num-
few as is pretended ? do not the very bers continually encreasing 38 years.
advertisements imply, that persons be During this 38 years the number of
ing ill of the small pox in a country births in London was 613,608 : the
town is an uncommon thing, and that number of burials was 958,527. And
the numbers that are intimidated by it of the dead, thus registered by their bu-
are great ? But not to inlift upon this, rial, 78,500 died of the small pox. It
it may be demonstrated, granting all appears, therefore, that during 38 years,
that has been said in favour of inocue immediately following the introduction

Y y 2

of

of Inoculation into London, the num- post to court, where he made his reber dead of the small pox was to the port, That, in pursuance of his innumber born as 127 to 1000, and to the structions, he had discovered a very fair registered dead as 81 to 1000. But in and fruitful island, 200 leagues in exthe 38 years immediately preceding the tent, very advantageoufly situated; and introduction of this practice, that is, from which great commercial benefits from 1683 to 1720 inclusive, the num. might be expected ; that he had conber of births in London was 595,058 ; fructed a 'tolerable fort, defended by the number of burials was 840,370 ; of 14 pieces of cannon, a fair house, large the buried 54,040 died of the small pox ; magazines, and had left a sufficient garit therefore appears, that before Inocu. rison to maintain the possession, with the "lation the number of the dead by this news of which he had dispatched the

distemper was to the number born as Sphinx to Guadaloupe. 90 to 1000, and to the number buried This island, it is said, lies 80 miles as 64 to 1000 ; so that fince Inoculation distant from the continent of South has been practised in London, the mor- America, over-against the Straits of tality by the small pox is augmented in Magellan, in the latitude of 52 degrees. the proportion of 127 to 90 computing It is, however, no new discovery, has. by the births, and in the proportion of ing been seen and visited by several thips 81 to 64 computing by the burials. of St. Malo in the first year

of the curIt seems, therefore, to follow by ne. rent century, who, by tonching on secessary consequence, that before Ino- veral fides, and entering several ports, culation can be favourable to life in ge- believed it to be a cluster of inands, to neral, some effettual inethod must be which they gave the name of Illes Ma. taken to prevent it from spreading the louins, or the Islands of St. Malo, in natural small pox,

honour of that haven from which they were fitted out. It apppears, however, now to he a single inland, of the extent

before-mentioned, very fair and fertile, From the GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE. abounding with large woods, many fine

harbours, all the necessaries of life in Interesting Letters respecting Commerce.

great plenty, and from whence, as you Paris, July 9. will easily perceive by its situation, a E were some time lait year 2 very extensive commerce may be car

mused with an account of a ried on. new discovered island, from which the It is reported, that three ships of a people of this country proposed to considerable force are to fail as soon as themselves immense advantages į and possible to this new settlement, of which which, as I remember, was treated on the most sanguine expectations are your side of the water as an absolute formed. chimæra. It was not so. The Eagle, of 20 guns, commanded by Capt. Du

Jamaica, May 5. clos Guyot ; and the Sphinx of 10 guns, THE commercial concerns commanded by Capt. Giraudais Che. part of the world were never known nard, both under the direction of M. fo bad as since the peace was concluded; de Bougainville, failed last September to for that part of trade which was the make the discovery ; and it was at that support of this island, and its credit at time given out, that they were gone to home, is entirely subsided, by orders the Eaft- Indiis.

from home, to suppress all commerce On the 25th of last month, the Eagle with the Spaniards, who were the only returned, and having put M. Bougain- people that brought us money here for ville on shore at Morlaix, proceeded to our British manufactures, and enabled St. Malo, while that gentleman came us to make our remittances to England.

Nos

in this

manner.

Not a Spanish vessel can now come with circumstance attending our trade in these money to this idand, but what is seized parts, which is, that the Englih clotha hy officers either under the Admiral or is come into dilrepute ; and, indeed, it Governor. We have been prevented is no wonder it thould do so ; for, dut. receiving in this island (since I arrived) ing the late war, many French Chips near a million of dollars, in consequence were taken in the Mediterranean, con. of those orders being put in execution taining considerable quantities of French against the Spaniards. They now carry manufactured woollen cloth in bales : their money to the French and Dutch these cloths, when the prizes were fold, ilands, which would otherwise bave cen were many of them bought up by En. fered with us. What can be the reason glimmen, who, not having the reputa. of suppressing so beneficial a part of tion and good of their country at heart, commerce, is a mystery to all people moft disingenuously fold them again to here, as what goods they took from us the Turks, in several ports, for Englista were chiefly British manufacture, and manufactured cloths. This fraud, lowwe in return received their specie. If ever, was soon discovered in wearing; this trade is not suffered, this island in a but it has made the Turks every where few years will be depopulated. We jealous of being imposed on, and will, feel the effects already in a most sensible I fear, be a lasting hurt to this branch

of commerce. The accounts I have from Havannah, are, that the Spaniards are very active

Barbadoes, June 1. in repairing the fortifications, and are THE affair of the longitude engtofclearing all

away from the city as far as ses a great deal of our conversatithe hill where the head quarters were; on, as some astronomers are come over, are planning batteries to be erected in by order of the lords

of the admiralty, several places from thence to the hill ; to make trials of Merr. Irwin and Harand are going to level all the village of rison's leveral schemes. The marineGuardaloupe. The citadel on the Ca- chair, invented by the former, is a very vannas is going on briskly; they have ingenious piece of mechanism; and the already three 74 gun ships on the stocks; watch, made by the other, is, as I am and all the flip-yards are full of timber. informed, a very curious time-piece Every inhabitant is obliged to muster as to the rest, we are quite in the dark, under arms from 9 o'clock in the morn- nothing having transpired respecting the ing to 12 at noon, and from 3 to 6 in success either of them las had. Some the afternoon ; and I am told, the mi- curious people here would willingly liave litia is near as well disciplined now as seen the work of the movement, but the regulars. They have 7000 regulars. the owner was too wise to thew it. It

is said he sets out for England in a few Conftantinople, June 14. days ; when the other learned astrono THE English trade in these parts is iners will leave us, I know not; shey

reduced to a very low ftate, in com- say, however, that before they go, they parison of what it was 30 or 40 years are ordered to make some astronomical ago, when our wrought plate was pre• observations in this island, in order to ferred, and our watches greatly fought correct some observations which were after ; but the plate trade is now of no made many years ago respecting the consequence, and there has been of late longitude of some of our principal headsuch an inundation of watches brought lands, which cannot but be of infiniti hither, which were made at Geneva, use to all navigators. and other places, with English names to them, that the English watches are now

Quebec, May 24. no longer in the reputation they were Refer you to Captain Moore for lite with the Turks. But there is still a worfe particulars of our voyage : ! Cid

hardly