application, which mistook her; and to be revenged perhaps the will always remain eclipfed.

This we know but too much; the forces of our foul are circumfcribed and Jimited; the does not deliver herself over to a kind of action, but at the expence of another; reflection cools fentiment; fentiment absorbs reafon; too vivid an emotion exhausts all her movements; by the force of fenfibility the becomes little capable of thinking; the man that fuffers himself to be overheated in difputation feems to feel much, but it is very probable he thinks little. Add to this, that these angry tranf ports arifing from prejudice muft fupply it in its turn with new forces. To maintain an erroneous opinion is to contract an engagement with it; to main. tain it with heat is to redouble this engagement and make it indiffoluble. He that thinks himself interested in justifying his judgment is still more so in justitying his anger. For juftifying it to others he will be inexhaustible in bad reafons; and, for justifying it to him. self, he will confirm himself in the prepoffeffion that makes him believe them to be good.

It is only by the help of proofs and reafons that truth is difcovered to the eyes that have been fascinated against it; but those proofs and reafons, howfoever plain and intelligible to us, amidst the coolness of thought, are no longer prefent in the fit of anger. A. gitation and confufed ideas veil them from our mind; the heat of our tranfports permits us neither to apply to nor reflect upon them. Lavish of rudenefs, and parfimonious of reafoning, we load the adverfary with contumely without endeavouring to convince him; we infult instead of giving him the receffary information; and thus he doubly bears the punishment of our impa, tience.

But, though our tranfports might not deprive us of the use of convincing proofs and arguments, will they not be hurtful to thefe proofs Is not even reason in the mouth of an angry man

taken for paffion? The prejudice often falfe which is attributed to us, occafions a real one in the mind of the adversa- ̧ ry; it poifons therein all our words; our molt juft inductions are taken for fubtleties, our most folid proofs for fnares, our most invincible reafons for fophifms; fhut up within an impenetrable rampart, the mind of the adverfary is inacceffible to our reason, and our reafon alone could convey truth to him.

In fine, a paffionate behaviour in difputation is contagious; want of refpect will produce the fame; tartnefs will occafion tartnefs, the dangerous heat of an adverfary is communicated and tranfmitted to the other; but moderation' removes all obftacles to the ecclairciffement of truth; and by difpelling, at the fame time, the clouds that obfcure it, it fhews the beauty and value of its charms.

From the UNIVERSAL MAGAZINE.

Advice from a friend to another, in Regard to the Duties of Parents in the Education of their Children.

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Have often thought that, if children

take bad ways, it is owing to the mifmanagemeut of their parents; elfe why should we fee all thofe of fome. people behave well, all those of others quite the reverse. I have been a sportsman, and never had a dog in my life but I could break him to his bufinefs, provided I began with him in time; and, though I have often found a wide difference in their natural tempers and capacities, yet I think the parity will hold good; and, it there are fuch for. ward difpofitions, fuch innate bad inclinations in children, as cannot be corrected, I have been fo happy, I thank God for it, as not to have had any of them fall to my fhare, though I have had a competent number.

The first thing you are to obferve in your behaviour towards your children in general is, that it le perfectly equal

Do not oblige your eldest son to come! and afk you for money every time he wants it; but ratlier give him a certain yearly allowance. Make your house al ways easy to him," "and he will make it his ufual refidence, especially when his pocket's are low; and always shew your 1elf' glad to entertain his acquaintance, when they are deferving young men ; your behaviour to them will be a good leffon to him, for he will judge by that of their real worth; -9 56

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Encourage him in all kinds of fieldfports, they will preferve his health and, when he comes home tired, he will naturally fall to reading if he has not company; and if he has, want of fleep will prevent drinking.

Afk his opinion upon proper occafions, and he will afk yours. Behave with great confidence and openness to him, and he will do the fame to you.

When he is between five-and-twenty and thirty, endeavour to perfuade him to think of marriage: and, in the first place, be exceeding cautious to keep him out of the danger of making any familiar sacquaintance with Ladies who aret related to madness; no birth, no title, no fortune can be an equivalent to that terrible difafter, which is generally the destruction both of heirs and ellates! But, above all, fhew him, by your own example, that it is not unbecoming a fine Gentleman to profefs himself a Christian, to live like one, and go to church and ferve God with devotion, at least every Sunday.be -The education of a daughter is more the province of the mother and, if 7 you beconte a widower; your girls have a very great loss, and it is quite neceffary that you repair it with fome difcreet relation, who knows the female world exceedingly, well; for (except in over grown ellates), I cannot be a friend, to Lecond marriages, whilft there is a comVOL. III

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petency of children by the first; having frequently feen them the fubjects of ill blood, expenfive law-fuits, and fome. times the ruin of eftates. 'St. Paul advites us Art thou loofed from a wife? feek inot a wife, 1 Cor. vii: 27. . .

We all with our daughter's may be exceeding handfome, little confidering that beauty is often a dangerous weapon to themfelves, if not accompanied with great: difcretion; it frequently makes them cultivate nothing befides. Thus, you have an affected vain creature, who has, from her childhood, neglected every other accomplishment whereas, --had the not been handsome, he would probably have made herself mistress of all the good qualities defirable in a wife.

When he becomes fo, what must protect her chastity from the attempts of numbers of vain young fellows, who go about feeking whom they may devour? Nothing that I know of, but religion or pride. You will fay, it is strange that two fuch oppofites as virtue and vice should have the fame effects; but as fome phyficians prefcribe to their rheumatic patients to bathe in hot waters, others in cold, and fometimes both with fuccefs; fo a woman, without the affiftance of the principles of religion, (especially if he has good fenfe) may be preserved by her pride, which will not permit her to give up the most brilliant jewel in the character of her fex.

When you give your daughter in marriage, do not let the figure the will make in the world, and your own credit, be the fole motives; and be fure it is not where the has an averfion. Be her fortune, birth, and quality great or fmall, I infift upon it, the ought to be carefully intrusted in all maxims of virtue and honour in general, and all that female houshold economy neceßary for the married state; he ought to know what is an elegant, what a frugal table, and what kind of a one will fuit her husband's eftate, and keep a family handfomely of fuch a number. Tho the is in a circumstance to have fervants to contrive that for her, yet the ought

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to know it herself, otherwise how shall the be fenfible if she is well or ill ferved? I have no apprehenfion that she will not be taught to prefide at a tea-table, to dress, to come gracefully into a room, to be genteel in all her motions, and to dance, from the time, perhaps, the can run crofs the floor; and these are neceffary accomplishments: but methinks fome farther regard ought to be had to the improvement of her mind, than what is ufual in the educa. tion of young Ladies: fhe ought to be thoroughly instructed in the fundamental principles of true honour and virtue, and the religion the profeffes: fhe ought to know how to become her table, and fay fomething both proper and obliging to every guest in that circle: to read, write, fpell, and indite letters upon all the variety of fubjects in her province, fo as not to be ashamed who fhould fee the performance; the ought to be miftrefs of at least the four first rules of a rithmetic, to understand the caterer and house-keeper's accounts: to be a judge of the feafons, propriety, goodnefs and value of the provifions for her table: The ought to know the history of at leaft her own nation, and to be able to read and understand, if not speak, the French language. If the has a tolerable voice and good ear let her be taught to fing; and, if she can learn to accompany a fong with the harpsichord, it will have a fine effect, and be an entertainment, whether alone or in company. Playing lessons upon that inftrument requires so much practice to do it well, that I think it is not worth the time and pains required, and I know no other, except the lute which fets them in a graceful attitude, that is proper for Ladies, and deferves their application.

Drawing and defigning, as far at leaft as may be practifed with a lead pen, will be of much ufe in preceding works of the needle, and be greatly ferviceable in giving inftructions, and making herself understood by mantuamakers, milliners, embroiderers, join ers, cabinet-makers, upholsterers, &c.

And now, pray tell me (except French and mufic) where is the difficulty that a young Lady of a middling capacity fhall learn all above-mentioned ? With thefe fhe will be able to entertain herself at home, and not be eternally gadding abroad to feek company to help her to kill time: with thefe fhe will be able to employ herself in thoughts of fomething above her girdle, and not as foon as the as got a husband (which fome Ladies term getting their liberty) turn all her thoughts to intrigues; inventing fchemes to carry them on with fuch fecrecy as never to be detected, at leaft in te flagrant act. But the devil generally comes up with them one time or other; for he will take care not to lose the advantage of the influence of their bad-example, which may forward his designs upon the rest of the fex, and inftruct them how to carry on their criminal love affairs with better contrivance. And thus a foul is loft to God, and you have a child fhamefully expofed to the obloquy of a fatyrical world; defpiled and detefted by all good men, abandoned by her husband, and turned a-drift, to the eternal ignominy of his family and yours, and of herself and children; and all this is occafioned, because you obliged her, for your own credit, to marry against her inclinations; or because you did not take care to have her taught the duties of her station in the world, those of a Christian, and particularly the real value of the first of female virtues.

As to younger fons, it appears to me abfolutely necessary that they be brought up in fome calling; a man without one makes but an odd figure in the eyes of thinking men; and, in thofe of God, I do not fee how he anfwers the end of his creation; he is generally of no confequence in his own family, though he has his maintenance from it; because, not having a fortune to enable him to marry, he cannot fupply it with heirs, who will not, at the fame time, be almoft beggars; and, from the want of employment, he often becomes a burthen to fome of his rela

tions, by hanging upon them: he will be a burthen to himself, becaufe, if not a good scholar and a studious man, his time must often lie very heavy upon his hands he mult be a burthen upon his country, becaufe, though he lives upon the profit of the land, he is unprofitable himself, being no more than an ufelefs fupernumerary; having no bufinefs himfelf, and standing in the way of those who have. Indeed, if you can give him an eftate fufficient upon which to begin a family, he has an honourable station, and becomes a prudential referve in cafe of failure of heirs in the chief house.

In the difpofal of him to bufinefs, take all the care imaginable to find out his genius, and then never hesitate to put him forward in the way to which that points.

It is a very indifcreet, tho' common practice, for parents to deftine their fons, almost from their childhood, to particular profeffions; but with what fhadow of reafon? Is that a time to judge of their inclinations, capacities, or turns of mind? A confiderate tradefman will not take an apprentice into his fhop, without having reafon to befieve he has fuch qualifications as are neceffary for the business of it; nay, will have a trial of fome months before he is bound and shall a father, brought up to no profeffion, pretend to chufe one for his fon, even before he comes to the use of reason?

It is one of the most difficult things, that I know of, to dive into the capa cities and difpofitions of youth, and requires all the judgment, attention, and perfpicuity of which a father is capable. He ought even to pump his fchool-fellows and companions, to find out his turn of mind; for he will always be upon fome constraint, and hide before his father; and, with all this precaution, the wifeft of us may find ourfelves mistaken at last.

Jack, fays the father, fhall be a Jawyer; and perhaps for no other reafon, but because his great grandfather was fo, and raised the family. But

does he confider what qualifications are necellary for a perfon to make a figure in that profeffion?

The law requires a profound judgment, a quick apprehenfion, a strong memory, an undaunted affurance, a great prefence of mind, an audible voice, a clear utterance, a flow of words, and a diligent application; and, if but this laft is wanting, all the reft of thefe noble gifts of nature will cer tainly be loft upon him; and with them, all (if he has not an upright heart) he will probably mifs of his happiness in the next world, do a great deal of mifchief in this, and die attended by its curfes.

Now, perhaps nature has not been kind to Jack in any of these particulars; and, in truth, he is fitter for the navy or army, where a steady refolution, an undaunted courage, and a vigorous conftitution, with a tolerable fhare of good plain fenfe, would enable him to do great fervice to his country, and gain fuch preferment as might afford him an honourable, comfortable maintenance, though perhaps not qualify him to become either an admiral or a general.

Phyfic is more the profeffion of a gentleman in England, than in any other place that I know of; and I believe it is become fo, because our countrymen are the best phyficians in the world; which makes them receive the greatest respect and greatest fees.

If your fon fhews himself to have a talent this way, be fure to make him fenfible, that he ought to exert it with a view of doing good to his own fpecies in general, as well as to his own profit; and that he ought to do it particularly to the labouring poor, whofe health is their bread; and perfuade him to devote fome small part of the day for their affiftance gratis.

The ifland of Great Britain has greater obligations to its merchants than almolt to any other order of men ; for as it produces numberlefs things in greater quantities than it can confume, what must become of them, and how could Fff 2

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those people live who are employed in their manufacture, if they were not exported? Befides, we cannot, at least we will not, live without' a multiplicity of things which they import: and thus they become both neceffary to ourselves, and to all foreigners with whom they have any dealings. How, therefore, can a gentleman's younger fon be better employed?

I am fenfible that a great many of our antient families will cry out, This is not a station fufficiently honourable for their fon; but I am fure honour is as effentially necessary in a merchant, as in any profeffion I have named. Be fides, he ought to be a man of an unbounded way of thinking, generous, and rigorously juft and exact in all his dealings, of great forefight and profound judgment; adventurous in his undertakings, when grounded upon prudent deliberation, must have a great faith in his correfpondents, as he deals by commiffion and intelligence; and furely the strictest honour, and a most exalted way of thinking, must be required to perform all this!

The Church gives another fine provifion for a younger fon, if he is wor thy of the calling; but all the fine qualifications, mentioned in thofe above, are infufficient to make a good clergy

man.

The state of life may properly be termed a calling, because no man ought to prefume to afpire to it, who is not previously called by the grace of God. I am fenfible this motive is generally less attended to than any other; and that is a strong reason why we fee fuch bad example in many churchmen, and I believe the best that can be given for the almost general contempt of a body of men, who ought to be regarded with the greatest esteem and respect imaginable. They are, certainly minifters of the Gospel of Jefus Chrift as they are fucceffors of his apostles, and though wicked ones, if they preach good morals and found doctrine, their fermons may have good effects upon their audience, at least where they are not known; but if, by their example, they preach up

the world, the flesh, and the devil, they then become his ministers, his apostles; and who can deserve greater contempt than fuch pharifaical hypocrites? A clergyman should be a man of good morals, good natural parts, and an excellent fcholar, because his business is to instruct numbers; a man of an exemplary life, or he can never inforce what he teaches; a man who has an unbounded zeal for the honour of God, and the good of the fouls of his flock, or how thould he be their paftor? If your fon is thus qualified, let him put on the caffock in God's name; but if he has nothing in view but the fleece of his flock, when he shall get one, and his own preferment, where he mine, I would not have the fin of having put him forward in that way, upon my confcience, tho' I could command the best church preterment in the three kingdoms.

There is another profeffion which I have often thought might employ a gentleman's younger fon agreeably, become profitable before he was thirty, make him greatly useful to his country, and acceptable to many of the greatest families in it; though I fcarce recollect that I have seen it delignedly undertaken; I mean the arts of painting and architecture joined. A proper education to thefe need not be very expenfive, and confequently more fuitable to men of fmall fortunes; but a genius is abfolutely neceffary.

You should begin, by making him a good claffic fcholar, knowing in the mathematics, and tolerably genteel, fo as to behave properly in good company; then Rome is the place whither he ought to be fent to learn these arts. A young man, who is a tolerable manager, may live there upon the fame income, in as creditable a manner, as he could in one of our best county towns; and it would give him fuch a fine opportunity of introducing himself to fuch a number of our English nobility and gentry of the belt fortunes (who are always eafy of accels to their countrymen when abroad, and who feldom fail of making a confiderable stay there, when on their tra