obliged every one they found to fwear fidelity to Joan Meskill, fecrefy and obedience in the execution of all their fchemes, and also, that they should not,, at the peril of their lives and substance, allow the clergy any tythe on potatoes for the future. It is computed they have at least 300 arms; and it is certain they are well provided with ammunition of all kinds."

WEDNESDAY, Sept. 12.

St. James's, Sept 11. In answer to the representations made by his Majefty's ambassador at the court of France, demanding immediate fatisfaction and reparation for acts of violence commit ted, on the ift of June laft, by the commander of a French fhip of war, in conjunction with other French veffels, at one of the Turk's Islands, the court of France has difavowed the faid proceedings, has disclaimed all intention or defire of acquiring or conquering the Turk's Iflands; and has given orders to the Compte d'Eftain, governor of St. Domingo, to cause the said islands to be immediately abandoned on the part of the French, to restore every thing therein to the condition in which it was on the ift of June last, and to make raparation of the damages which any of his Majefty's fubject fhall be found to have fuftained in confequence of the said proceedings, according to an estimation to be forthwith fettled by the faid gover. nor with his Majefty's governor of Jamaica: and a duplicate of the faid or ders has been delivered to his Majesty's faid ambassador, who has transmitted the fame to his Majesty's Secretary of State.

Letters from Lisbon advise, that they have lately discovered heaps of combuftible matter near several public edifices, and the houses of many of their principal merchants, supposed to have been lodged in thefe places with the most di. abolical intention.

Extract of a letter from Breft, Aut. 9. "The Citizen man of war of 74 guns being actually finished, will be launched here on the 12th of this month. We shall have then on the stocks only the St. Efprit and the Count d'Artois. The conftruction of the latter will be

finished fooner than that of the former, it being propofed to fit out the Count d'Artois as foon as poffible, in order to go out on an expedition. The Count d'Oify is to have the command of her, as well as of the squadron which is to fail on this occafion. But where they are bound for we know not, as not the leaft circumftance has hitherto transpired, which can enable us to guess at their destination.”

Extract of a letter from Jamaica. "We are under continual apprehenfions, without hardly knowing the cause of them, though, indeed, the governor has forbid any intercourse with the Spaniards, whofe preparations are really alarming."

It is now certain that more places than North America are the apparent objects of the men of war now fitting out, the number of which, when com. pleated, will amount, great and small, to twenty fail. Thofe at Chatham and Sheerness will be ready for fea in a few days, as they work double tides.

A new manœuvre, we hear, is going to be introduced on board our ships of war, which it is thought will be of great fervice in time of action.

We hear that for fome days past stand. ard prices on most of the necessary articles of life, confumed by the inhabitants of London and Westminster, have been fixing by fome members of an august affembly; which, it is confidently faid, will take place very speedily; and from which it will be highly punishable in retailers to depart.

Several private letters from Berlin, which arrived on Monday by the Dutch mails, bring advice, that Count Poniatowiki was elected King of Poland, in the ufual form, on the 27th ult. under the name of Stanislaus the Second. Thefe letters add, that the election tent was 20 fathoms long and eight wide, lined, with red cloth, with a wall behind, and a bank on each fide; and that the regalia, which were brought to Warsaw by the Bishop of Culm on the 22d from Cracow, confifted of five crowns, four fcepters, a globe, three gold chains, and a fable richly ornamented.

been fuppofed.".

This pofition, he fays, is founded on his own obfervations in the military hofpitals, during the late bloody war, where he remarked, that in a great number of cafes in which amputation was judged neceffary by the phyficians of the army, it did not answer the end; he had alfo under his immediate care a great number of patients, whofe limbs had been shot off, and the stumps left fhattered in fuch a manner, that a fresh amputation was univerfally thought neceffary, and whom he cured without that dreadful expedient: and he cured, without amputation, many patients whofe limbs were not entirely feparated, but for much detached, contufed, and hattered, that the ableft furgeons thought it indifpenfibly neceflary to take them wholly off.

M. Bilguer reduces the cafes in which amputation has been univerfally thought neceffary, to fix.

1. A mortification which spreads till it reaches the bone.

2. A limb fo hurt, that a mortification is highly probable.

3. A violent contufion of the flesh, which at the fame time has fhattered the bones.

4. Wounds of the larger blood veffels of the limb, when recourfe is had to amputation, as the only means of ftopping the hamorrhage, or through an apprehenfion that the limbs fhould perish for want of nourishment.

5. An incurable caries of the bones. 6. A cancer, or tumour in danger of becoming fuch..

He lays down his method of cure in each of thefe cafes feparately..

1. In a mortification, he begins by making incifions on the part affected, to procure a discharge of the corrupted matter, and affift the action of the medicines. He makes thefe incifions of a confiderable length, not only on the mortified parts, but thofe adjacent, and as near to each other as the large trunks of the blood-veffels and branches of nerves will allow, not more than an inch distant from each other, and always to the quick if the bone, be allested, he cuts through the periofteum, and lays it bare. Thefe incifions are in the direction of the fibres of the muscle on which they are cut; but he obferves, that when the Kkk

gaftroene

gaftroenemii, the glutei, or deltoid muscles have been wounded by a ball, they must be cut tranfverfely, other wife convulfions, particularly the fpafmus cynicus, will entue: feveral of the aponeuroses, especially that of the biceps, ought likewife to be cut tranf verfely; the tendons alfo must be cut in the fame direction. If the wound or ailment happens to be near the articulations, he also cuts through the ligaments. Thefe incifions must be longest where the fore has fpread the wideft, and deeper in the middle than at the extremities; the number may be from three to eight, as the case may require.

After thefe incifions, the mortified parts must be feparated from the found by a bistory, as one muscle is divided from another in diffections; but parts not totally corrupted may be fpared; for, after the removal of what is to tally dead, they will recover; great care must be taken in removing the grangrened parts that lie near large veffels, that fuch veffels are not wound

ed; and it is better to leave a fmall part of the mortified flesh that adheres to them behind, and trust to its feparation by the dreffings, than to risk breaking them; and, in general, the incifions fhould be made with as little effufion of blood as poffible: if the neighbouring parts are tainted, the corrupted humour must be fqueezed out by gentle compreffion, and wiped off with a soft linen rag: afterwards, proper external applications must be

ufed.

The bone, whether the periosteum be found or destroyed, must be dreffed with the following medicine:

Frankincenfe, maftich, farcocolla, and myrrh, finely pounded; true balfam of Peru, and genuine effential oil of cloves, of each equal parts; of balfam of fioraventi as much as may, in mixing all the ingredients over a very gentle fire, form a thin liniment.

This must be used warm, and poured plentifully into the wounds, fo that the bone may be well moistened with

it; fome dry lint must then be laid on, and the fleshy parts dreffed by sprink. ling upon this lint a powder compofed of " an ounce of myrrh finely pounded, half an ounce of fal ammonix, camphor and nitre, each a drachm:" After the first layer of lint is thus covered, fresh lint must be applied, and fprinkled with the powder, till the wound is quite filled up with alternate layers of the lint and powder.

If the bone is not affected, or the pe riofte um laid bare, the liniment may be omitted, and the lint and powder only used.

Slight fcarifications thould alfo be made upon the neighbouring parts, fprinkling them with the pow der; and all the fores fhould be afterwards embrocated with oil of turpen tine, and the whole bandaged up with plain linen cloth, which must be kept moistened night and day with warm fomentations.

Heifter has collected a fufficient number of these fomentations, from which a furgeon will eafily felect the mot proper for the cafe of his patient: that confifting of a pint of lime-water, three ounces of camphorated spirit of wine, and an ounce or half an ounce of fal ammoniac is useful in mortifications which proceed from high inflammation; fo is that made with loap, falt of tar tar, and oil of turpentine, dissolved in

lime-water.

When the mortification proceeds from a mere defect of the vital motions, as in dropfical and aged persons, the following fomentations are more

proper.

worm

1. Take of water germander, wood, fouthernwood, rue, of each two handfuls; chamomile flowers, one hand. ful: boil them together, and to two pints of the ftrained liquor add four ounces of treacle fpirit, two ounces of venice foap, and half an ounce or even an ounce of fal gem.

2. Take of water germander, worm. wood, feverfew, of each two handfuls; of mint and fouthernwood, of each a handful: boil them together in oxycrate, fo as to have four pints of the

ftrained