of a long and uninterrupted courfe of virtue in private as well as in public life." It was likewife unanimously refolved, upon the motion of John Paterfon, Efq; That Sir John Barnard, Knt. fo juftly and emphatically ftiled the Father of this city, having lately (to the great and laft ing regret of this court) thought proper to refign the office of Alderman, the thanks of this court be given him for having fo long and faithfullydevoted him felf to the fervice of his fellow-citizens; for the honour and influence, which this city has, upon many occasions, derived from the dignity of his character, and the wisdom, steadiness, and integrity of his conduct; for his firm adherence to the conftitution, both in church and state, his noble struggles for liberty, and his difinterested and invariable pursuit of the true glory and prosperity of his king and country, uninfluenced by power, unawed by clamour, and unbiaffed by the prejudice of party." Upon his refigning the office of Alderman, he retired, in a great meafure, from public business; and continued to live chiefly in a private m. nner at Clapham; where, after having at tained to near the age of eighty, he died on the twenty-ninth day of Auguft of the present year. The character of Sir John Barnard is fo well known and fo generally established, that to attempt any defcription of it here would be altogether fuperfluous. A dutiful fon, an affectionate Kusband, an indulgent mafter, a generous benefactor, an active magiftrate, an intelligent merchant, an uncorrupt fenator; he discharged all the duties of focial life with equal honour to himself and advantage to his country: never man was more univerfally elteemed while living, or more fincere ly regretted when dead. dred fefterces to each Roman citizen. Tiberius, it seems, being in no hurry to pay this money, a pleasant fellowtook it into his head to remind him of his duty. With this view he fell upon an expedient, which however coft him very dear. Seeing a funeral pass the forum, he went up to the corpfe, and whispered fomething in its ear; and when fome people asked him what he had faid to the dead body, he answered, That he had commiffioned him to acquaint Auguftus, that the Romans were not yet paid the money bequeath ed them by his will. Tiberius did not relish this yoke: he therefore ordered the wit to be brought before him; and after paying him his three hundred fefterces, fent him immediately to exe cution, defiring him to deliver, with his own month, his meffage to Auguftus. XXXXXXXXXXXXX From the UNIVERSAL MUSEUM. Defcription of the Mogul's palace at Agra, and fome other Edifices in that City. of his e Tat Agra, the capit great Mo TH HE palace of the Mogil pire, as defcribed by Tavernies, B nier, Thevenot, and other ave is a very fumptuous and magnificent ftructure. This palace, according to Manouchi, an Italian, who live conty years at Agra, and was the Mogul's phyfician, is a citadel in form of a crefwith cannon. It is fituated on the river cent, the walls whereof are mounted Semana or Gemma, and is built of a spotted ftone like marble, which, when the fun fhines upon it, looks very beautiful at a distance. It is encompafted with ditches and a terrace garden cut through with canals of running water, intermixed with green-plots and pleafure-houses, which form a delightful scene. Thevenot fays the palace confifts of three courts, with porticoes and galleries running round them, which are finely gilt and painted, and feme parts parts of them covered with plates of gold. Under the galleries of the first court there are lodgings for the Mogul's guards, in the fecond for the chief of ficers, and the third confifts of stately apartments for the emperor and his ladies, who, according to the custom of the eastern princes, are very numerous, Within the walls there are likewise apartments for the inferior officers of the court, and long galleries for the emperor's manufactories of stuffs of gold, filver, filk, tapestry, &c. and for his goldfmiths, enamellers, and other artificers. Between the palace and the river is a large area where the troops exercise, and the emperor fometimes pleases himself with feeing elephants fight, or fuch other diverfions as he orders to be exhibited there or upon the water. Here are alfo about thirty palaces of princes and great men belonging to the court, all built of brick or stone, and in the same line with the Mogul's palace, befides many leffer palaces and other fine buildings, which all together afford a charming profpect on the other fide of the river. In a word, we may form fome judgment of the spaciousness and magnificence of this imperial palace from the account of father Tofi, who fays it is four miles in compafs, and deferves to be ranked amongst the wonders of the world. * that Bernier thinks it deferves better to be reckoned among the wonders of the world, than the Egyptian pyramids, or any of the others that are so denomi nated. This maufoleum was contrived and carried on by the best architects from all parts of the Indies, and was twenty years in compleating, though a vast number of hands were continually employed. It ftands at a place called Secandra, which is reckoned one of the fuburbs of Agra, and feems, by the defcription that travellers give of it, to be a prodigious pile of buildings in the midst of a large and beautiful garden, into which (says Thevenot) all the parts of the mausoleum are distributed. They particularly admire the great pavilions, the beautiful portico's, the lofty dome that covers the tomb, the just difpofition of its pillars, the arches that fupport a great many galleries one above another, the fine piazzas, alcoves, and terraffes; all which fhew that the Indians are not unskilled in architecture, and that though their orders are different from those of the antient Grecians, they are not without a pleafing fymmetry and magnificence. ******(*}***** From the BRITISH MAGAZINE. RICHES. HERE is fcarcely any fentiment in Nor is the Mogul's palace the only ornament of Agra; for Thevenot in- Reflections on the univerfal Defire of forms us, that there is a vast number of mofques in that city, above eight huncofe ftately caravanfera's, fome of which confift of fix large courts, with piazzas round them, and very commodious apartments for the merchants. The ftately monuments, which feveral great men have erected for themselves in their life-time, or to the memory of their ancestors, contribute likewife to the beauty of Agra, particularly that which the emperor Jehan Guir caufed to be built for his father Ecbar, which furpaffes all those of the Grand Signior's in magnificence. But that which the fame emperor erected for one of his favourite wives is still more furprizing, infomuch ble varieties of inclination that nature or accident have fcattered in the world, we find greater numbers concurring than in the wifh for riches; a with indeed fo prevalent, that it may be confidered as univerfal and transcendental, as the defire in which all other defires are included, and of which the various purposes which actuate mankind, are only a sub. ordinate fpecies, and different modifi. cations. Wealth is indeed the general center of inclination, the point to which all minds preserve an invariable tendency, and from which they afterwards diverge în numberless directions. Whatever is the remote or ultimate defign, the immediate care is to be rich; and in whatever enjoyment we intend finally to acquiefce, we seldom confider it as attainable but by the means of money, of which all therefore confefs the value; or is there any disagreement but about the ufe. There is fcarcely any paffion which riches do not affift us to gratify. He that places his happiness in full chefts of numerous dependents, in refined praise or popular acclamation, in the accumulation of curiofities or the revels of luxury, in fplendid edifices or wide plantations, muft ftill either by birth or acquifition poffefs riches. They may be confidered as the elemental principles of pleafure, which may be combined with endless diverfity; as the effential and neceffary fubftance, of which the form only is to be adjusted by choice. The neceffity of riches being thus apparent, it is not wonderful that almost every mind has been employed in endeavours to acquire them; that multitudes have vied with each other in arts, by which life is furnished with accommodations, and which therefore mankind may reasonably be expected to reward. It had indeed been happy had this predominant appetite operated only in concurrence with virtue, and influenced none but thofe who were zealous to deserve what they were eager to poffcfs, and had abilities to improve their own fortunes by contributing to the eafe or happiness of others. To have riches and to have virtue would then have been the same, and fuccels might reafonably have been confidered as a proof of merit. But we do not find that any of the defires of men keep a ftated proportion to their powers of attainment. Many envy and defire wealth, who can never procure it by honeft industry, or useful knowledge. They therefore turn their eyes about to examine what other methods can be found of gaining what VOL. III. none, however impotent, or worthless, can be content to want. A little enquiry will discover, that there are nearer ways to profit than by through the intricacies of art, or up the fteeps of labour; that what wisdom and virtue fcarcely receive at the clofe of life, as the recompence of long toil and repeated efforts, is brought within the reach of fubtilty and dishonesty, by more expeditious and compendious measures : that the wealth of credulity is an open prey to falfehood; and that the poffeffions of ignorance and imbecility are ea fily withdrawn by the fecret conveyances of artifice, or feized by the gripe of unrefifted violence. It is likewife not hard to discover, that riches always procure protection for themselves, that they dazzle the eyes of enquiry, divert the celerity of purfuit, or appeafe the ferocity of vengeance; that when any man is inconteftibly known to have large poffefsions, very few think it requifite to enquire by what practices they were obtained; that the refentment of mankind rages only against the ftruggles of feeble and timerous corruption; but that when it has furmounted the first oppofition, it is afterwards fupported by favour, and animated by applause. The profpect of gaining (peedily what is ardently defired, and the certainty of obtaining by every acceffion of advantage an addition of fecurity, have fo far prevailed upon the paffions of mankind, that the peace of life is deftroyed by a general and inceffant struggle for riches. It is obferved of gold, by an old epigrammatift, that to have it is to be in fear, and to want it is to be in forrow.” There is no condition which is not disquieted either with the care of gaining or of keeping money; and the race of man may be divided in a political efti mate between thofe who are practifing fraud, and those who are repelling it, If we confider the prefent ftate of the world, it will be found, that all confidence is loft among mankind; that no man ventures to act, where money Nnn can can be endangered, upon the faith of another. It is impoffible to fee the long fcrolls in which every contract is included, with all their appendages of feals and atteftation, without wondering at the depravity of thofe beings, who must he restrained from violation of promife by fuch formal and public evidences, and precluded from equivocation and fubterfuge by fuch punctilious minutenefs. Among the fatires to which folly and wickednefs have given cccafion, none is equally fevere with a bond, or a fettlement. Among the various arts by which riches may be obtained, the greater part are at the first view irreconcileable with the laws of virtue; fome are openly 'flagitious, and practifed not only in neglect, but in defiance of faith and juftice, and the reft are on every fide fo entangled with dubious tendencies, and fo befet with perpetual temptations, that very few even of thofe who are not yet abandoned, are able to preferve their innocence, or can produce any other claim to regard, than that they have deviated from the right lefs than others, and have sooner and more diligently endeavoured to return. One of the chief characteristicks of the golden age, of the age in which neither care nor danger had intruded on mankind, is the community of poffeffions, by which ftrife and fraud were excluded, and every turbulent paffion was stilled by plenty and equality. Such were indeed happy times, but such times can return no more. Community of poffeffion must always include fpontaneity of production; for what is only to be obtained by labour, must be of right the property of him by whole labour it is gained. And while a right ful claim to pleasure or to affluence must be procured either by flow industry or uncertain hazard, there will always be multitudes, whom cowardice or impatience will incite to more fafe and more Speedy methods, who will study to pluck the fruit without cultivating the tree, and to share the advantages of victory, without partaking the danger of the bat. tle. In later ages, the conviction of the danger to which virtue is exposed, while the mind continues open to the influence of riches, has determined many to vows of perpetual poverty; they have fupprefled defire by cutting off the poffibility of gratification, and secured their peace by deftroying the enemy whom they had no hope of reducing to quiet fubjection. But by debarring themfelves from evil, they have refcinded many opportunities of good; they have funk into inactivity and uselessness; and if they have forborn to injure fociety, they cannot be confidered as contributors to its felicity. While riches are fo neceffary to prefent convenience, and so much more easily obtained by crimes than virtues, the mind can only be fecured from yielding to the continual impulfe of covetoufnefs by the preponderation of other motives. Gold will generally turn the intellectual balance, when weighed only against reputation, but will be light and ineffectual when the opposite scale is charged with justice, veracity, and piety. *** From the BRITISH MAGAZINE. Defcription of the Roebuck that pro- T HE animal which produces musk resembles the roebuck; his skin and colour are the fame; he has allo flender legs, a fplit fmooth horn, but fomewhat bending. On each fide he has two white teeth, which are straight, and rise above his muzzle, each about half a finger in length, and resembling in form the teeth of the elephant. This is the mark which distinguishes this from other roebucks. The mufk produced by these creatures in Tibet is much preferable to that of China and other countries, from this animal feeding on aromatic paftures, and also from the inhabitants of Tibet preferving the bladder of mufk in the natural state, while the Chinese adulterate all that come into their hands. The The most excellent musk is what the roebucks have behind them, when they rub themselves against the rocks and mountains; for the humour whence it is generated falling down towards its navel, gathers like a bile or any other tumour; and when the fwelling is ripe, the creature feeling a painful itching, fearches for ftones and rubs himself against them, till opening the fore, the matter runs out and coagulates. The wound closes, and the fame kind of humour gathers to a head again as before. There are men at Tibet who make it their business to collect this musk, and having gathered a quantity, put it up in bladders. The mufk that has ripen. ed in the skin of the roebuck furpafles all others in goodness, just as fruit is better when it is gathered ripe from the tree, than when it is pulled green. There is another method of getting mufk by enfharing the roebuck in toils, and fhooting him with arrows; but thefe hunters frequently cut the tumours before the mufk is elaborated, and in this cafe it has at firft an ill fcent, that prevails till the matter is thickened, which fometimes does not happen in a great while; but as foon as it coagulates its turns to musk. ftantly fixed on thofe of the preacher: but notwithstanding the zeal of her devotion, the could not help perceiving that he was handfome'; and fecretly withed Monf. Bernard, her husband, was not lefs agreeable. When fermon was ended, Agatha addreffed father Girard to give her confeffion, who was not a little pleased at having so favourable an opportunity to difcover his parfion. Girard, feated in the confeffional chair, heard a fhort detail of her own fins; but then she began a long account of thofe of her husband; age, neglect, inability, and lastly, jealoufy, were reckoned up as cardinal vices. The father confeffor, with an amorous grin, replied: jealoufy, madam, is a paffion which can scarce be avoided by that hap py perfon who poffeffes fo divine a creature as yourself. Agatha fmiled, and thinking it time to return to fome fe male friends, who were waiting for her, defired abfolution. The confeffor figh ed, and leering on her with another languishing look: " My fair daughter, cries he, who can free her who is bound himself? I am captivated with the irre fiftible power of your beauty, and without your affiftance, can neither abfolve myfelf nor you." Agatha was young, and well verfed in fuch intrigues; yet XXXXXX XXXXXXX by the affiftance of a good natural ap From the BRITISH MAGAZINE. The Breeches: Or, St. Thomas de Becket's Relick. FAT ATHER Girard was a celebrated preacher in one of the most noted cities of France; a man of ready elocution, handfome perfon, and a lively eye, which was generally roving among the female part of his audience. As he was one day preaching and fearching after hearts instead of God, and striving by wanton ogles to make profelytes to love instead of religion, he happened to fix his eyes on a beautiful young lady named Agatha, wife to a phyfician called Bernard, and was immediately enamoured with her. The lady was fo very devout, that he had her eyes con prehenfion, she was not at a lofs to unra vel the meaning of thefe words; he had befides, to quicken her wit, been strictly guarded, and not over well used by Dr. Bernard; therefore he had not many fcruples of confcience, but foon let father Girard perceive, that she was not fo dull as to mistake his meaning, nor was of fo nice a virtue, as to be difpleafed at his declaration, and to find, notwithstanding the fanctity of his character, he was made of flesh and blood. The bufinefs of the abfolution was en tirely forgot! Girard began to be very amorous, and openly professed his paffion, and the lady undertook to find fome method to have another interview. After fome confideration, the acquainted him he was often troubled with fits, and that all the medicines her Nana husband |