nor could they any ways get round, as the rocks forming a femi-circle extended on both fides far into the fea. They then in defpair returned to their fhip, where they found the officer they left on board, upon the main throuds, from whence he had fcarcely defcended ten minutes, before the maft came by the board, and was followed by the foremast: and now the hull worked fo, that they all resolved to leave her again, which they did with much difficulty, and had not been long on fhore before The went to pieces. Thus they were to all appearance reduced to the alternative of starving or drowning; which carried them to a more minute examination of the rocks, when one of the failors found a place which feemed to offer the bare poffibility of afcent at the hazard of his neck, which, however, in their circumftances, was no hazard at all. He mounted, and carried a rope with him, and faftened it to the top, by which the reft got up after him. Thus being contrary to all hopes deli

to their country, in all times, makes every teftimony of their esteem an hônour to those who receive it. It wants no additional circumstance to heighten it. But in reminding me of your two former recorders, Lord Somers and Lord Hardwicke, my uncle, and my father, you have allowed me to fay, that it is the more flattering to me when I reflect on fuch predeceffors, the principles and integrity of whose conduct I have been, and ever will be, as ambitious to pursue, as I feel myself unequal, in all other refpects, to imitate their great examples. I am, Sir, with the truest regard, your molt obedient, and moft humble fervant,

Bloomsbury-fq. Oct. 12. C. YORKg.

HE article in our last concerning

the deplorable condition of the poor Palatines, and the advertisement copied from the foreign prints difcrediting Col. Stumpel, are thus accounted for. Stumpel was a captain in the British Legion during the late war, and being a foldier of fortune, offered himfelf to the Pruffian fervice on the conclufion of the late peace; and was told, that if he could raise a regiment, he fhould have the command of it. This he undertook to do; and, by making a tour through Holland, where he had formerly been an officer, acquainting himself with the fubaltern officers, and making himself agreeable to the men, he feduced many to defert, and some to enter volunteers, with promises of good encouragement. With thefe and fome other recruits, disbanded foldiers, and idle young fellows, he prefented himfelf to Prince Ferdinand, who recommended him to his Pruffian majesty, and he received his commiffion; but the peace which foon followed in Germany, again reduced him to the neceflity of

applying

applying elsewhere, and he came over to England, and follicited employment in the English service. This could not be granted to a foreigner, when fo many natives were dismissed; but on his boafting of the numbers of his countrymen he could carry over to our new fettlements, provided a suitable tract of land was allotted him, the miniftry was prevailed upon to grant his request, and a patent was actually made out at the proper offices for that purpose. With this Grant he returned to Germany, and by the credit of it, and the advantageous offers he made to fome young gentlemen who had credit with the common people, he prevailed with them to engage in the fame project. Having fo far fucceeded, an affociation was formed, and these joint adventurers were active in the profecution of it. By every where giving out what fortunes were to be raised, and eftates acquired in the new fettlements, many people of wealth were prevailed upon to fell their effects, and tranfport themselves, at their own expence, into America. The poor who offered, were either neglect ed, or referred from one to the other for the promised encouragement, till their number increased so fast, and their importunities became fo preffing, that no other shifts remained but to ship them for England, and leave them to the mercy of government. On their arrival, application was made in their behalf to the board of trade; but the forms of office prevented immediate relief, and, in the mean time, Stumpel came over, with a view to endeavour to justify his conduct, and to know how his people would be received; but finding the ministry incensed, his patent revoked, and writs out against him to make good his engagements, he watched his opportunity, left the kingdom, and returned to the continent, but to what part is not yet publickly known.

in chemistry, has been for these many years particularly fond of extracting the effences of every herb or flower that came in his way. A few years ago, having obferved, in a field of his own, a kind of weed, which had something of the appearance of the dock, but narrower and rougher in its leaves; he had the curiosity to pluck it, and afterwards fqueeze out the juice, of which it was remarkably full. This he laid by in a common phial; and it was many years before he thought of looking at it or using it; but happening one day to recollect the juice, upon observing a plant of the fame grow from the roots of the other, he took it down, and, to his great furprize, found the phial reduced to a third part of its former bulk, but still preferving its form; and on the outer furface a kind of petrified drops, perfe&ly hard and of a yellow colour, which he found to be some of the internal liquor, that had oozed from the mouth of the veffel. Its furprizing effects hitherto made him curious to obferve and trace them farther, and accordinglyupon breaking the phial (for the cork, by the te nacity of the liquor, was in a manner riveted to the glass) he drew off the juice, which within was the purest liquor, and poured it into a marble cup; he then put a very fmall piece of deal wood into it, which he let remain for four and twenty hours; at the end of which time he found the stick of a beautiful yellow colour, the fame as the liquor, and fo hard, that it could with difficulty be penetrated with a knife. To make further experiment, he put in it an halfpenny, which he observed with the niceft eye for feveral hours: upon the first dropping of it in, there rose from the halfpenny the Imalleft bubbles, fcarce bigger than the point of a needle, from every part of it, which continued for about two minutes, after which the copper began gradually to turn yellow. So great a curiofity induced him to call in a neighbour of his, Mr. John Bigott, apothecary at Newington, in Middlesex, and afterwards to admit many other

neigh

neighbours and curious people, who all obferved the impreffion of the halfpenny to grow lefs and lefs diftinct, and in a bout an hour's time to vanish entirely. Six hours after it was put in, it was taken out, and was abfolutely found to be to all appearance perfect gold. He immediately took horfe, and carried it, accompanied with Mr. Bigott, to Mr. Slater, goldfmith, in Bishopsgate-freet, told the whole affair to him, and defired him to make trial of it. It was firft weighed, then caft, then beat; in short, it was found not to differ in the leaft from pure gold. Mr. Slater afterwards accompanied him to his houfe at Newington, where every kind of metal was tried, and found to have the fame effect at its proper time. He has thought fit to make this public, being a man that has, by no means, occafion for fuch an expedient to grow rich; and at the fame time fearing it should be dangerous to make use of it till proper notice is taken. The plant, its juice, and the effects of it, may be seen every day at Mr. Jackson's, at Newington, facing the church:

From the LONDON MAGAZINE. Anecdotes of the new King of Poland.

T'

HE new-elected Polish monarch is fon of Count Poniatowski, who was a colonel of the Swedish guards of King Stanislaus of Poland, and a nobleman of uncommon merit. His attachment to the person of Charles the XIIth of Sweden was fuch, that he followed him into Ukrania as a volunteer, without any poft in his army. He was a man of invincible courage, and of great calmness and prefence of mind in the molt imminent dangers. He was the chief inftrument in faving and carrying off the Swedish hero from the battle of Pultowa, when desperately wounded; for "which fervice, he was promoted to the rank of a general. He alfo preferved the life of that prince a second time, at the battle of Rugen in Po

merania. He afterwards acted as ambassador from Charles XII. at Conftantinople; which duty he discharged with extraordinary addrefs. His fon, the prefent king of Poland, who inherits all the virtues of his illuftrious father, is about five feet feven in ftature, about thirty-two years of age, has a majestic afpect, a piercing eye, and poffeffes great courage tempered with reason'; his natural parts, which are ftrong and quick, are improved by a very liberal education; he is bleffed with the gift of memory in a very extraordinary manner; he fpeaks feveral languages in great perfection, and is a lover of the arts and fciences. This monarch vifited London in the year 1754, remained in England from the beginning of September to the latter end of December, and when in town lodged at Mr. Croppenhole's, in Suffolk-ftreet, near the Mews.

From the LONDON MAGAZINE. A Cafe in Husbandry.

A

Farmer near Warrington, in 1762, fummer-worked a field, and manured one half of it with fludge out of an old marle pit, and the other part with dung from his dunghill; after which he fowed the whole field with wheat all of one fort. When that wheat was reaped in 1763, that part of it which had been fludged was clean and fine, but the other part which had been manured from the dunghill, was very much fmutted. Thofe who are verfed in husbandry are defired to account for this. ANSWER.

"MANY, are the causes of smut in wheat, I therefore fhall not pretend to account why one part of the crop of the farmer near Warrington, dressed with fludge was clean, and the other part, dreffed with manure, from his dunghill, was fmutty, but will endea your to fhew what might be the cause.

A general opinion prevails among farmers, in many parts of the kingdom,

bat

that if they drefs their wheat-land with yard or stable dung, wherein the straw of fmutty wheat has been spent, their crops will always be fmutty, and will have the fame effect as if they were to fow smutty feed.

I have used a farm for above ten years laft paft, that, for time immemorial, produced fmutty wheat, the te nants always dreffing their wheat-land with their yard, or stable dung, wherein they spent their wheat ftraw. The first two years I laid all my dung on my grafs-ground, and dreffed my wheatland with lime; I have fince every year dreffed part of my wheat-land with my yard and stable dung, and other parts with a variety of other dreffings, and have not yet had a smutty crop, and have therefore no doubt, but that the dung of the fmutty wheat straw was the cause of the fmut on my farm: whether this was the cafe with the Warrington farmer's dung does not appear. *****{*}*******

From the LONDON MAGAZINE.

L

Dr. Cook's generous Apology. ET a man do what he can, and with ever fo good an intention, I find he will be fure to fuffer cenfure, and be certainly blamed by fome folks for the fame.

It is objected, that this my charitable undertaking, though of publick fervice, will yet encourage quackery exceedingly, which is but too much practifed and encouraged all over the kingdom already. 1 fhould be very forry for this, if fo. But how, pray, can this be accounted quackery, which is delivered out by rules of art?

Quackery, as I take it, is when medicines are used by guefs, without rule or reafon, only becaufe fuch a recipe has been faid to have cured fuch a disease. I rather imagine umbrage will be taken from another quarter; foraf much as fuch a publick method I use for the benefit of the poor, who cannot, afford a phyfician his fee, nor be able to pay an apothecary his bill (and but,

little is to be had of them without) may be the occafion of their lofing fome patients, whofe abilities could well afford calling them in; but their parfimony will hence induce them to make ufe of what is thus advised for the relief of the needy, and fo, ftingily, referve their money in their pockets.

Such indeed is the imperfection of the prefent ftate, that there can be no good done, but fome inconveniency or other will attend it. Muft the poor then, who have but few friends, be quite neglected, and utterly forgot, because fome near people will, to fave their purfes, partake of what is intended for the other's benefit ?

Was I once confcious to myself, or could be convinced by argument, that I hereby did more hurt to fome, than good to others, I would defift directly; but till then, I mult in duty and confcience proceed, as I have begun, thus to ferve the publick, and leave the poor fuch a legacy, as no one else, that 1 know of, ever did before; that I may do all the good in my power, not only for the prefent but for the future, even to pofterity, and those as yet unborn, long after I am dead, and utterly forgot.

And as we cannot leave our know

ledge and skill behind us, as we do our eftates and money, to be distributed among the furvivors; I thought no method could be better taken than to commit this legacy to your truft.

I well remember, when I was young, that the very useful Dr. Quincy was blamed by many of his brethren for rendering phyfick, as they thought, too familiar; but really I then thought it fo far from being a fault, that it rather added honour to his memory.

Now we will, for once, fuppofe the damage may amount to 1ool, or even fet it, if you will, at 1000 l. Pray, what is this fum among fo many? Let them generously then throw it in, as their own share, to this general charity, without grumbling, and be easy, For we very well know there are but very few of the profeffion who are fond of poor patients.

But

But come, that is not all, they shall not be lofers altogether neither, I will even make them some amends for the fmall damage I may hereby do them. Ay! How can that be, cries one? Why, I will tell you. I will inftruct them fomewhat in their profeffion, and fave them the time and trouble of turning over many bulky volumes, and poring much upon the tedious writings of prolix and obfcure authors.

I hope, thofe gentlemen will not take it amifs, if I declare I had them in my eye too, and was ready and willing to ferve and oblige them, as well as the poor patient; and surely practifing apothecaries cannot be forry, much less offended, with plain rules to direct them in their intentions, generally their weak fide, when they fhall be concerned alone, either with internal diftempers, or, upon fome emergent occafions, are obliged to act the part of furgeons.

But if they are fo very sturdy, or fo well learnt, as to accept of none of my affiftance, as I make no doubt but there are feveral apothecaries as judicious in phyfick as many physicians, yet let them allow their fons, relations, and other tyros of the profeffion, (may I advife it without vanity) to learn fomewhat of me, though they themselves may be too wife, or conceited, to ftand in need of any fuch instruction; and let them only confider how cheap an acquifition it is, fo eafily to obtain, in a few hours time, what coft the author fo much pain or ftudy, whofe main endeavour it is that, henceforth, the reproach of ars longa may be changed into the encomium of fcientia certa, & brevi paranda.

After this long preamble, let us now proceed to our main point in hand.

Among the many difeafes our frail bodies are fubject to, I think hardly any is more shocking to behold than an afthma, where fuch dismal disorder calls for a speedy relief, as it is to ftubborn in itself, and threatens death to the patient every day for though, perhaps, it may not be quite fo painful as feme distempers, yet it is as melancholy as

VOL. III.

:

any, to be obliged to fit and ftrive for breath, and be violently debarred the refreshing ventulations of the vital air. The external caufe is any thing whatever, which depraves the regular mixture of the common, mafs of blood, fo as to impede the due circulation thereof thro' the lungs. The internal is a confriction of the veficles of that bowel, which prevents their free and full expanfion in inspiration, fo as to permit a due and regular tranfmiffion of the blood through their fubftance, from one ven tricle of the heart to the other.

Hence the symptoms are fhort and hard breathing, with wheezing and violent motion of the midriff, and every muscle elfe fubfervient to respiration, with a ftertor, or ratling in the throat, fo as not to be eafy but in an erect pofture.

So an obstruction, you fee, wherever it happens, or from whatever matter or substance occafioned, is the common and proximate cause of every disease, taking its name and nature from the particular place effected, and differing in the fymptoms according to the feveral and various circumftances attending the fame. So that a combination of falts, flime, oils, globules of blood, and the like, can plug up, or obstruct the evanefcent arteries, or their lymphatick ones arifing out from them, and other fmailer tubes, or conical canals, in the animal machine, as effectually as gravel or ftones themselves can the larger or wider ones of the kidnies and liver; and the effect here, in the cafe of an afthma, is equally the fame, whether the bronchial veficles be ftuffed with vifcid matter from within, the cafe of coughs, or preffed upon from without, the more general state of this disease.

Obstructions, ¡ fay, are the general caufe of all inflammations and pain, which are varioully denominated from the different parts of the body they happen in: as the gout in the joints; the rheumatifm in the muscles; quinzcy in the throat; piles in the podex; pleurify in the pleura, afthma in the lungs, and fo forth. So with me it is al