"This moving spectacle fo raised the Et infidos agitans difcordia fratres. From the BRITISH MAGAZINE. neceffa that believes not another on his oath, knows himself to be perjured." We can form our opinions of that which we know not, only by placing it in comparison with fomething that we know: whoever therefore is over-run with fufpicion, and detects artifice and tratagem in every proposal, must either have learned by experience the wickednefs of mankind, and been taught to avoid fraud by having often been deceived; or he muft derive his judgment from the consciousness of his own dispo fition, and impute to others the fame inclinations which he feels predominant in himself. To learn caution by turning our eyes upon life, and obferving the arts by which negligence is furprised, timidity overborne, and credulity amused, requires great latitude of converse, and long acquaintance with business, or uncommon activity of vigilance, and acuteness of penetration. When there. fore a young man, not diftinguished by fuperior vigour of intellect, comes into the world full of fcruples and diffidence, makes a bargain with many provisional limitations, hefitates in his anfwer to a conimon question, left more fhould be intended than he can immediately dif cover, has a long reach in detecting the projects of his acquaintance, confiders every carefs as an hypocrify, and feels neither gratitude nor affection from the tenderness of his friends, because he believes no one to have any real tenderness but for himself; whatever expectations this early fagacity may raife of his tuture eminence or riches, I can feldom forbear to confider him as a wretch incapable of generofity or benevolence, as a villain, above the need of common opportunities, and gradual temptations. Upon men of this clafs, inttruction SUSPICION, however fe paf- and admonition are generally thrown a fage through ways beset on all fides by way, because they confider artifice and deceit as proofs of understanding; they are misled at the fame time by the two great seducers of the world, vanity and intereft, and not only look upon those, who act with openness and confidence, as condemned by their principles to ob fcurity fcurity and want, but as contemptible for narrowness of comprehenfion, shortnefs of views, and flowness of contri vance. younger years; and thofe that happen to petition late for compaffion or afliftance are suffered to languish without regard, and perish for the crimes of thofe who have formerly been found undeferving or ungrateful. Whoever commits a fraud is guilty not only of the particular injury to him whom he deceives, but of the diminution of that confidence which conftitutes not only the ease but the existence of fociety; and he that fuffers by impofture has too often his virtue more impaired than his fortune. But as it is necessary not to invite robbery by fupineness, it is our duty not to fupprefs tenderness by fufpicion ;. for it is better to fuffer wrong than to do it, and happier to be fometimes cheated than not to trust. Sufpicion is, indeed, a temper fo uneafy and restless, that it is very justly appointed the concomitant of guilt. It is faid, that no torture is equal to the inhibition of fleep long continued ; a pain, to which the state of that man bears a very exact analogy, who dares never remit his vigilance, or give reft to his circumfpection, but confiders himfelf as furrounded by fecret foes, and fears to entrust to his children, or his friend, the fecret that throbs in his breast, and the anxieties that break into his face. To avoid, at this expence, those evils to which eafinefs and fenfibility might have expofed him, is furely to buy fafety at too dear a rate, to die 111-111***** left he should be killed, and, in the language of the Roman fatirift, to fave life by lofing all for which a wife man would live. Nor is fufpicion lefs an enemy to virtue than to happiness: he that is already corrupt is naturally fufpicious, and he that becomes fufpicious will quickly be corrupt. It is too common for men to learn the frauds by which themselves have fuffered, and when they are once perfuaded that deceit will be employed against them, they fometimes think the fame arts juftified by the neceffity of defence. Even thofe whole virtue is too well established to give way to example, or be shaken by fophiftry, must yet find their love of mankind diminished with their esteem, and grow lefs zealous for the fafety and happinefs of those by whom they fulpect their own fafety or happiness endangered. Thus we find old age, upon which fufpicion has for the molt part been, by long intercourfe with the world, intexible and fevere, not easily toftened by fubmiffion, melted by complaint, or fubdued by fupplication. Frequent experience of counterfeited milenes, and diffembled virtue, have in time overcome that difpofition to tenderness and fympathy, which is fo powerful in our From the BRITISH MAGAZINE. Anecdote of Oliver Cromwell. M R. Jeremy White, one of Oliver Cromwell's domeftic chaplains, á sprightly man, and one of the chief wits of the court, was fo ambitious as to make his addresses to Oliver's youngeft daughter, the lady Frances. The young lady did not discourage him; but in fo religious a court, this gallantry could not be carried on without being taken notice of. The Protector was told of it, and was much concerned thereat : he ordered the perfon who told him to keep a strict look out, promifing, if he could give him any fubftantial proofs, he fhould be well rewarded, and White feverely punished. The fpy followed his buline's fo clofe, that in a little time he dogged Jerry White, as he was generally called, to the lady's chamber, and ran immediately to the Protector to acquaint him that they were together. Oliver, in a rage, haftened to the chamber; and, going in haftily, found Jerry on his knees, either kiffing the lady's hand, or having just kissed it. Cromwell in a fury afked what was the meaning of that pofture before his daughter, Frank White, with a great deal deal of prefence of mind, faid, May it please your highness! I have a long time courted that young gentlewoman there, my lady's woman, and cannot prevail: I was therefore humbly praying her ladyship to intercede for me. The Protector turning to the young woman, cried, What's the meaning of this, huffy! why do you refuse the honour Mr. White would do you? he is my friend, and I expect you should treat him as fuch. My lady's woman, who defired nothing more, with a very low curtly, replied, If Mr. White intends me that honour, I fhall not be against him. Say 'ft thou fo, my lafs, cried Cromwell? call Godwyn; this business shall be done presently, before I go out of the room. Mr. White was gone too far to go back; his brother parfon came; Jerry and my lady's woman were married in the presence of the Protector, who gave her five hundred pounds for her portion, which, with the money fhe had faved before, made Mr. White eafy in his circumstances, except that he never loved his wife, nor the him, tho' they lived together near fifty years af terwards. ber of phials, and then filling them, carefully corked them up, and fealed them; this done, the caufed it to be rumoured abroad, that she had a quantity of the dutchefs of Marlborough's Eye-water, which her grace, at her departure, had put into her hands to fell. It was, in reality, the dutchefs of Marlborough's water that filled the bottles, and the humour fucceeded to the girl's with; the eye-water was bought for the novelty by rich and poor, and the cures it performed were so wonderful, that the fame of its virtues reached the dutchefs at the English camp. Her grace recollected her omiffion, and was not a little nettled at the wench's stratagem, but could not then help it. In her return home, however, she lay again at the fame inn; and as the wench was putting her to bed at night, Child, faid the, I hear you have a famous eye-water to fell; I have a mind to be a purchafer. The girl, quite confounded, and ready to fink, faintly faid, it was all difpofed of. What quantity might you have of it, faid the dutchefs? Only a few dozens, replied the girl. Well, faid the dutchefs, prepare your bottles, and you now may have a larger quan XXXXXXXXXXXXX tity of the genuine fort. The girl was From the BRITISH MAGAZINE. Anecdote of the Dutchefs of Marlborough. OON after the battle of Oudenarde, the dutchess of Marlborough made a tour to Flanders, under pretence of complimenting the duke on that victory, but in fact to inform him of the cabals of his enemies, which it was not safe to entrust on paper. Her grace landed at Dunkirk, where the lay all night; and in the morning, her thoughts being intent, perhaps, upon more important concerns, though she had given a great deal of trouble in the inn, yet The went away and forgot the ufual prefent to the chambermaid. The girl, who interpreted this neglect to her grace's want of generofity, thought of an expedient to make herself amends; and with this view the purchased a num miferably perplexed, and could not tell what to fay; but fell into tears, and dropping upon her knees, confeffed her indifcretion, and humbly implored her grace's forgiveness, promifing never to offend again in the like manner. Nay, but indeed, child, faid her grace, you must make up fome for me, for I have heard an excellent character of its fovereign virtues. Being affured her grace was in earneft, the girl replied, the should be obeyed. Her grace's intention was, to prevent her eye-water being any more hawked about in Dunkirk; and therefore, in the morning, the ordered her young doctress, in her own prefence, to bottle every drop of it, to cork it up fafely, and feal it, as the had done the former; by which the discovered, that the girl had actually procured her grace's arms to her new noftrum, a circumstance he had not before dreamt of. Well, my my dear, faid the dutchefs, I find you are a mistress of your trade; you make no fcruple to counterfeit a feal. Madam, faid the girl, you dropt the feal in the room,and that put me in the head of it. And what might you gain, faid her grace, by your laft fupply? Fifty livres, replied the girl. Very well, faid the dutchess, please to reftore the feal, and there is double that fum for you; putting five louis d'ors in her hand: adding, with a ftern look, and a severe tone of voice, Beware of counterfeits, huffey. From the ROYAL MAGAZINE. provided they could at that price pay their court, and enrich themselves. It is impoffible to fix the æra when the family of CAVENDISH took upon them to be the defenders of liberty and the English conftitution, unless we take it from their origin; for fuch a spirit of virtue and ftrict justice between prince and people, have been fo remarkably hereditary in the family, that one can hardly fay the father excelled the fon, or the fon the father. Not one of this noble family, was ever the flave or fycophant to a tyrant prince: fooner than concur in measures which were deftructive of the peace or liberties of their country, they always refigned, or retired from court. When Charles II. had admitted in Short Memoirs of his Grace the late to his councils the most abandoned of I Duke of Devonshire. I would be a task too arduous for us to do juftice to the memory of that great and worthy peer, his Grace the late Duke of Devonshire; but let it be obferved, that all the excellent qualifications of his family were united in his perfon; that all which can adorn human nature, or fill the foul of man, he was poffeffed of; that his virtues were too numerous to be recounted, too numerous for any one man to know. Thole who knew him best can best speak his eulogium by the plainest truth; of his noble and illuftrious ancestors, it is necessary to say a few words, and they fhall be as few as poffible. To his great grand-father (the first duke of Devonshire) we owe the REVOLUTION, which fecured our liberties, by the expulfion of the Stuarts; and confequently it may be laid, that to the fame excellent lord we owe the prefent family on the throne. Had it not been for the great and noble ftand that he made against the tyrant STUART, and his minifters, we had now been flaves, and prerogative held over us with an iron-hand ; for too many of the great were then a bafe fycophant crew! who cared not to whom, nor by what means, they fold the liberties of their country, VOL. III. every party, becaufe he found fuch men the most pliable to his purpose, by which the administration became fo exceffively odious, that notwithstanding all his art and great love for his prero gative, he found himself in danger; he then refolved to chufe a privy-council" out of the most popular of his fubjects, among whom was the earl of Devonfhire; but this nobleman foon perceiv ing the ill ufe Charles intended to make of his presence, and looking upon himfelf as anfwerable to the public, should he keep his feat where the most destructive fchemes were deviled and authorized, he refigned, and was afterwards the principal perfon who managed the impeachment against Sir William Scroggs, chief justice of the King's Bench, for iluing general warrants, and granting a power to officers to feize all whom they fufpected to be authors, publishers, &c. of feditious libels, together with their papers. In short, he became fo obnoxious to the prerogative Stuarts, that, on the acceffion of James II. having been infulted at court by one colonel Culpepper, he difciplined that creature of defpotifm with his cane, for which he was profecuted in the court of King's Bench, and by that infamous tool and tyrant of rotten memory, lord chief juftise justice Jefferies, fined 30,000!, and committed to prifon, the other judges upon the Bench meanly and fycopliantly acquiefcing in the enormity; for which, in better times, they were feverely reprimanded. He gave his bond for the money, which was afterwards returned him by king William, and lived an illuftrious exile in Derbyshire, where he built Chatsworth, the glory of his name, and the monument of his age. When James had well nigh deftroyed the conftitution of England, in order to establish his own doctrine of Popery, flavery, and paffive obedience, his lordfhip invited over the prince of Orange to rescue these kingdoms from his arbitrary defigns, and was the fift who had virtue and courage enough publicly to avow it while James was yet upon the throne. This gave life to the public caufe, and his great example was its chief fupport. He raised all Derbyshire, &c. cherished the princefs Anne when the stood most in need of a friend, and was the fountain of his country's deliverance. For this great act he was created a duke. The preamble of his patent was his truest and best eulogium. It is in these words: "The king and queen could do no lefs for one who had deferved the beft of them; one, who in a corrupted age, and finking into the basest flattery, had conftantly retained the manners of the ancients; and would never fuffer himself to be moved, either by the infinuations or the threats of a deceitful court, But equally defpifing both, like a true affertor of liberty, ftood always for the laws; and when he faw them violated past all other redress, he appealed to us; and we advising with him to shake off that tyranny, he, with many other peers drawn over to us by his example and advice, gave us the greatest affistance towards gaining a most abfolute victory without blood, and fo restoring the ancient rights and religion." His fon, who was equal to his father, but had not fuch opportunities of difplaying his firmness and talents, was, on his Grace's death, appointed to all his places and trufts by queen Anne: but in 1710, when by the intrigues of France, and the Jacobites at home, a Tory miniftry was appointed, who reftored to France all the fruits of a ten years glorious and fuccessful war, the difmiffed his Grace from all his employments, without reflecting on his or his ancestors fervices, together with all the other friends of Liberty and the RevoJution. On the acceffion of the houfe of Brunswick, his Grace appeared again in his offices, and continued the honest and firm friend of his royal mafter, against all his fecret and public enemies. His fon inherited all his father's virtues, and fhewed that, by his integrity and fpirit, on all occafions, he was worthy of the name which had been the patron and protector of public liberty. The late duke (who died the 3d inftant, in the 44th year of his age) to whofe memory, words cannot do justice, was like all the reft of his illuftrious house, GREAT and GOOD! His amiable talents, his parts, his equanimity, and addrefs, endeared him to all mankind, but most to his sovereign, who early faw his principles and his virtues, and loved him from the firft. In the fenate, intrepid and fenfible; in office, faithful and uncorrupt; in private, generous and humane: without meannefs he was a friend to the crown, and without faction he was a patron of liberty; therefore it may truly be faid, he has not left behind him his equal in either private virtues, which those who knew him can well testify, or in strict adherence to the conftitution, which all his public conduct proved. And in no part fo noble as the latter, for which, after many studied flights and affronts, h's great and illuftrious name (which had hitherto done honour to every prince it ferved) was, by the mifchievous arts of court intrigues, ftruck off the lift of privy-counsellors. Pofterity will hardly credit that a name aufpicious to liberty, fo dear to every true Englishman, and once fo great a champion for the virtue of that council board, |