perished in the Menai. The Welsh regarded this success as the presage of future prosperity. Confident, on the faith of a prophecy of Merddin, that in the person of Llywelyn the empire of their fathers would be restored, they urged him to act with intrepidity, to seize the fortunate moment, and to assault the English in their turn, separated and dispirited by their recent loss. Llywelyn soon afterwards entered South Wales, and proceeded with his forces to the centre of Buellt, where, by agreement, he was to hold a conference with some of the lords of that district. Having secured himself, as he thought, by the disposition of his troops, from the sudden attack of any enemy, he proceeded unarmed, and attended only by his esquire, into a valley, where it had been agreed upon that the conference should be held. There is every reason to suppose that Llywelyn was betrayed by the very lords whom he had appointed to meet. The Welsh forces were fiercely attacked by the English, and in the midst of the battle, endeavouring to make good his retreat from the valley, and rejoin his troops, he was closely pursued by Adam de Francton, an English knight, who, perceiving him to be a Welshman, but not knowing his quality, plunged his spear into the body of the Prince of Wales, he being unarmed, and incapable of defence. The action continued doubtful for more than three hours; but at length the Welsh were obliged to give way, were entirely defeated, and lost two thousand men, a third of their number, dead on the field. All this time Llywelyn had lain upon the ground, faint and expiring. The hurry of the action having ceased, Adam de Francton, now at leisure, returned into the valley to strip the individual he had wounded. On viewing the body, which was still breathing, it was found, to the great joy of the English army, that the dying person was no other than the Prince of Wales. No sooner had Llywelyn expired than his head was cut off by De Francton, by whom it was sent to Edward, then at Conway Castle. Llywelyn's head was afterwards exposed, by order of the English conqueror, on a pillory in Cheapside, to feast the eyes of his loving subjects. Thus died, after a reign of thirty-three years, the brave Llywelyn ab Grufydd.

Llanedwen is also notable as having given birth to the learned antiquary, the Rev. H. Rowlands, author of Mona Antiqua Restaurata. He was born in 1655, bred at Oxford, and was instituted to the vicar

age of Llanidan, with the annexed chapels, in October, 1690, died in the year 1723, and was interred in the south part of the church. At Porthamel, near to Moel-y-Don, Suetonius, the Roman leader, landed his army, A.D. 60, at a spot still called Pont yr Ysgraf (the Valley of Skiffs), the Roman soldiers having crossed the Menai in flat-bottomed boats. Agricola subsequently landed at the same place. In the vicinity there are various cromlechs, and the site of many others, with remains of ancient British fortifications; all, or most of which may be seen in one excursion from Beaumaris, if it be made in a long summer's day.

FURTHER SURVEY OF ANGLESEY.

THE first railway station on the Anglesey side of the Menai Straits is that of Llanvair, from which we proceed to

Newborough is now only a small village, containing not a thousand inhabitants; but it was once a chief residence of the Princes of Wales, and constituted the capital of Anglesey by Edward I., who made it a free borough; whence its name. In the reigns of Henry VIII. and Edward VI. it returned a member to Parliament. It was the countytown of Anglesey until Edward VI.'s reign, when that distinction was conferred on Beaumaris. In its pristine glory it had a Llys, or Palace, of the North-Walian Princes, who occasionally removed thither from the cares of state. The palace was in existence in the time of Edward III. In the vicinity of what has been considered the domestic chapel to the royal palace, at Frondeg, there is an upright stone, bearing an inscription, which is now illegible. Mr. Pennant supposes it was erected in memory of some Danish chieftain, the Danes having frequently invaded Anglesey. Newborough is celebrated in Wales as having been the birth-place and residence of John Morgan, an old blind musician, who was one of the last who played

on the ancient national instrument called the crwth. Three miles south-west from Newborough is the once noted parish of Llanddwynwen. The church, which is now in ruins, was a very fine building, and a great portion of the walls are still standing on a peninsula, somewhat more than half-a-mile in length. Near it are the small remains of the prebendal house, which is remarkable as having been the residence of Richard Kyffin, the last rector, and afterwards Dean of Bangor, known by the name of Y Deon Du (the Black Dean). He was a strenuous friend of the House of Lancaster, and concerted means for transmitting intelligence of the state of Wales to the Earl of Richmond when in Brittany. The driftings from the sand-hills, during the prevalence of westerly winds, render the vicinity quite barren. In the time of Edward III. there were on this peninsula no more than eight small houses, or as they were termed, weles; yet, in the reign of Henry VIII., it was one of the richest prebends in the diocese of Bangor.

ABERFFRAW

Is seven miles from Newborough, taking the regular road. The town is now a small village, formerly the residence of the Welsh princes. The last prince who lived here was Llywelyn ab Grufydd, the last Prince of Wales. There are no vestiges of his palace; but there is a garden at the south-west of the town, called Gardd y Llys, or the Palace Garden. The title, "Princeps de Aberffraw," says Pennant, "preceded that of Dominus de Snowdon," which is itself very ancient. In the palace was kept a copy of the laws of Hywel Dda, enacted in 940, for the better government of Wales. The church, which was dedicated to St. Beuno, was rebuilt by Sir Arthur Owen in 1729, as a schoolroom, which he endowed with £4 per annum, for teaching six poor children in the Welsh language. Aberffraw gave birth to Walter Stewart, the ancestor, according to Rowlands, of the royal house of Stuart. Near this place the amulets called Gleiniau nadroedd, or Adderstones, have been found. They are supposed to have been manufactured by the Romans, exchange to the superstitious Britons in commerce. glass, of a rich blue colour, some streaked and others plain. Aberffraw is also locally celebrated for its cakes. The Eisteddfod, or Triennial

and given in They are of

Assembly of the Bards, was held here in the reign of the ancient Welsh princes; and in 1840 the high honour was bestowed upon the town of holding a modern Eisteddfod, which was attended by most of the Welsh gentry. In the thirteenth of Edward III. an extent was made of Aberffraw, for which it appears that part of the revenues of the Welsh princes arose from rents of lands, the profits of mills and fisheries, and often from things taken in kind; but the last were frequently commuted for their value in money. In this vicinity is the lake Llyn Coron, about two miles in circumference, abounding with several kinds of fish, especially trout and gwyniad. It is much frequented by piscatory visitors in the summer season, for whose convenience Mr. Jones, "mine host" of the Llywelyn Inn, has erected on the margin of the lake a very tasteful cottage. Bodorgan, the seat of Owen Fuller Meyrick, Esq., is pleasantly situated in the vicinity. There are cromlechs in the vicinity, west of Llyn Coron; and an ancient mutilated cross at Llangaffo.

TY CROES Railway station is three miles from that of Bodorgan. After crossing the railway embankment into Holyhead Island, Penrhos Park, the beautifully-situated seat of the Hon. W. Owen Stanley, is seen on the road. The mansion was built under the direction of Mr. Defford. The principal entrance faces the sea. About a quarter of a mile east of Penrhos is Penrhyn, a cliff projecting into the sea, which has been the residence of the Owen family for centuries. They are descended from one of the sons of Hwfa ab Cynddelw, Lord of Llivon in 1157, now represented by the Hon. W. O. Stanley. Hwfa was contemporary with Owen Gwynedd, one of the most celebrated princes of North Wales, who, on more than one occasion, gave battle, and completely routed the English army, under the personal command of Henry II. Hwfa founded one of the fifteen royal tribes of Wales; and his five sons inherited his princely property, extending from Aberffraw to Holyhead, with other parts of the island. During the heavy gales in January 1802, the De Liebe, a Dutch galliot, bound from Rotterdam to Ireland, and the Brothers, from Liverpool, were wrecked near Penrhos. The unfortunate sufferers found all the comforts and attention which beneficence and humanity can bestow. The crew of the first vessel comprised people of various nations, and some of them continued at Penrhos for a considerable time.

A few miles farther, by railway, will bring us to

Holyhead is situated on a small island, independent of the Island of Anglesey, but still it forms part of the county; and formerly the route of communication was by a crooked road, four miles long, to a bridge called the Four-mile Bridge. In the improvements that took place in the great London and Holyhead road, some thirty years ago, a more direct line of road was struck out, crossing the Stanley Sands over an embankment about a mile to the northward of the Four-mile Bridge.

Holyhead is called by the Welsh Cor Cybi, in honour of a British saint, who founded a small monastery here. Cybi, says Mr. Lewis Morris, lived at the time of the dissolution of the Roman empire in Britain, and was contemporary, and in great friendship, with St. Seiriol. "St. Kebius, who flourished about A.D. 380," observes Tanner, "founded a small monastery here; and in after times there was founded, in the Royal Free Chapel in the castle of this place, a College of Prebendaries, whose yearly revenues were valued, 26th Hen. VIII., at £24, as stated by Dugdale and Speed. This college was granted, 7th James I., to Francis Morrice and Francis Philips." The head of this institution, formerly one of the three spiritual lords of Anglesey, Mr. Pennant observes, was usually denominated Penclas or Pencolas. The Rev. Mr. Evans considers it to have been Pencais, or chief judge in matters ecclesiastical. But, by the inscription on the exergue of the ancient seal belonging to the chapter, "Sigillum Rectoris et capitalis ecclesiæ de Caer Gybi," it appears that his customary title was that of Rector. He was styled, in a subsequent period, Provost; for Edward III. bestowed the Provostship of "his free chapel of Caer Cube on his chaplain, Thomas de London," for which the king, in 1351, dispensed with his services to himself. The original number of canons is uncertain. By an inquisition made in