Supplement. If a quarter of a cwt. be 28 pounds; then, 7168 448 28- 1 cwt. 28672= 1792= 112= 4=1_T. 573440-35840-2240-80-20=1 If 25 pounds make 1 quarter of a cwt.; then, 512000=32000-2000-80=20=1 Note 1.-In the examples given in this Work, 1 quarter of a cwt. is allowed to be 28 pounds, and the higher denominations of Avoirdupois weight are reckoned accordingly, excepting where it is otherwise mentioned in the question. Note 2.-By Avoirdupois weight are weighed all coarse and bulky articles ;such as provisions, groceries, hay, &c. and all metals except gold and silver. Note 3.-The Avoirdupois pound is heavier than the Troy pound; but the Avoirdupois ounce is lighter than the Troy ounce. 144 pounds Avoirdupois are equal to 175 pounds Troy; and 192 ounces Avoirdupois, to 175 ounces Troy. Therefore, 1 lb. Avoirdupois is equal to 7000 grains, or 1lb. 2oz. 11pwt. 16gr. Trọy; and 1 lb. Troy is equal to 13 oz. 214 dr. Avoirdupois. Note 4.-There are some other denominations in Avoirdupois weight, which are made use of in many places, in weighing some particular kinds of goods, &c., viz. the following: 196 A faggot of steel is Ib. | lb. 120 200 7 Do. of gunpowder is 112 A fother of lead is 19 cwt. or 360 Degrees, or 24912 m. The circumference of the Earth.* 1 fur. 594= 198 16 5 23760 7920= 660= 220 40-1 m. 190080-63360=5280=1760=320=8=1 Note 1.-The use of Long Measure, is to measure the distance of places, or any thing where length is considered without regard to breadth. Note 2.-Distances are frequently measured by a chain, 4 rods, or 66 feet long, containing 100 links. In measuring the height of horses, 4 inches make 1 hand. In measuring depths, 6 feet make 1 fathom. * In this Work, where calculations are made which have any relation to the maguitude of the earth, its circumference is supposed to be 24912 American or English miles, and its diameter 7930 miles. na. qr. 4=1 yd. 16=4=1 12=3= 2=1 Fl. e. Supplement. Note. By this measure, are measured cloth, tapes, &c. 20-5-11-1 E. e. 24-6-14-1 Fr. e. 9. Superficial, or Square Measure. 144 Square Inches, (sq. in.) make 1 Square Foot, 9 Square Feet, 30 Square Yards, or 272 Square Feet, 40 Square Rods, sq. ft. 1 Square Yard, sq. yd. S Square Rod, Note. This measure is used to ascertain the quantity of any surface, or any thing which has length and breadth, without regard to thickness; as the floor of a room, or a piece of land, &c. The length and breadth being multiplied together, to make the area, or superficial content. Hence, 144 square inches make 1 square foot; because 12 inches in length multiplied by 12 inches in breadth, gives 144 square inches; and so of the other denominations. 10. Solid, or Cubic Measure. 2 1728 Cubic Inches, (cub. in.) make 1 Cubic Foot, cub. ft. 27 Cubic Feet, 40 Feet of round timber, or 50 Feet of hewn timber, 128 Cubic Feet of wood, 1 Cubic Yard, cub. yd. Note. This measure is used to ascertain the quantity of any solid, or any thing which has length, breadth, and thickness; and to regulate all measures of capacity, of whatever form. A solid or cubic foot contains 1728 cubic inches; because it is 12 inches long, 12 inches broad, and 12 inches thick, and 12×12×12, or the cube of 12, is 1728. Note. In the United-States, the ordinary measure for all liquids is Wine Measure. A gallon of this measure contains 231 cubic inches. * In the United States, a hogshead is no determinate quantity. Casks that are called hogsheads, usually hold more than 100 gallons. Note.-This measure is used, in some places, for beer and some other liquids. A gallon of this measure contains 282 cubic inches. Note. This measure is used for corn, seeds, fruit, roots, "salt, coals, oysters, &c.-Corn, seeds, salt, &c. are measured by striked measure; but fruit, roots, coals, oysters, &c., are heaped to a handsome rounding measure.--A gallon of this measure, contains 268, or 268.8 cubic inches; and a bushel contains 2150%, or 2150.4 cubic inches. 365 Days, 1 Minute, 1 Hour, 1 Day, min. h. da. 1 Week, W. 1 Common Year, yr. 1 Julian Year. 365 Days, 5 h. 48 min. 48 sec. 1 Solar Year. 100 Years, 1 Century. Note 1.-The Solar year is the true length of a year, or the time in which the Sun passes through the 12 signs of the Zodiac. The Julian year takes its name from Julius Cæsar, who ordered that 3 civil years in every 4 should consist of * In England, 8 bushels are equal to 1 quarter; 5 quarters, to 1 wey; 2 weys, or 10 quarters, to 1 last. |