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AB, AC, AD, and note them down on the paper from a scale of equal parts, each against the corresponding line on the ground. Join their extremities, and the thing is done. By this method also the angles may be found, and the area computed, as above.

3d, By going round the field,

When woods, waters, or other interruptions happen to be in the way, a field may be maesured by taking all the angles and fides in their order: Thus, begin at A, after having fixed your inftrument, the needle pointing to the flower-de-luce, turn the index till through the fights you see the corners E, B, and along these directions draw obfcure lines, meeting at A. Measure these lines AE, AB. and note them down from a scale of equal parts. Then remove your instrument from A to B ; there fix it again, and turn the table about till through the fights, along the straight line AB, you see the point A. In this position, also, the needle will, of itself, point to the flower-de-luce. Here turn about the index till through the fights you fee the corner C; measure it, and mark it down from a fcale of equal parts upon the obscure line drawn in the direction BC. Again carry the instrument to C, there fix it again, and lay the index from C along the straight line DC, and screw the table faft: observe if the needle point to the flower-de-luce; turn the index about to D, and draw the obscure line CD; measure it and mark it down from the same scale of equal parts. In the fame manner find the remaining fides and angles till you end at the first station, and it is done.

PROBLEM PROBLEM VIII.

To furvey a field by the theodolite.

I. From a point within the field

Place the theodolite at O, (Fig. last Prob.) and turn it about till the fixed fights point to any object, as A; screw the instrument fast, and turn about the moveable index till through the moveable fights you fee B, and note the degrees cut on the limb of the inftrument in a field-book, or rather on an eye-draught, then turn the index in the directions C, D, E, and record the angles as above. Then measure the lines OA, OB, OC, OD, OE, and it is done.

2d, From one of the angles.

Choose any angle for a station, from whence all the other angles may be seen. Suppose angle A, as in fig. Prob. 7. Find the number of degrees in the angles BAC, CAD, DAE, and mark them down upon the eye-draught, each against the corresponding parts of the field; then measure the straight lines AB, AC; AD, AE; mark these upon the eye-draught; so the plan may be made out, and the area found, as shewn above.

PROBLEM IX.

To furvey a field by two flations.

By this method, grounds may be planned and surveyed without entering upon them. This is performed by choosing two stations, either within or without the field, from whence all the angles, ponds, houses, cross-hedges, roads, rivers, &c. &c. may be seen. Either the theodolite or plain table may be used.

Let

Let ABCDEF be a field whose plan is required, and let the points 1. 2. be eminences, from which a fufficient view of the field is obtained. First, Place the instrument at 1, and take the angles AIB, BIC, CID, DIE, EIF, FIA, and draw lines in the several directions of these angles, and any other remarkable object. Then measure the distance from 1 to 2, and place your instrument at 2; thence drawing lines in the directions of all the angles, and of fuch other objects as have been noted from the former station. Then these obfervations being planned, the interfection of the lines will point out the feveral corners and objects required.

When two stations are not sufficient, three or more may be chofen, as the furveyor shall fee caufo, measuring the distance between each station. And the intersections of the lines point out the objects, with their proper places on the plan. By this method very extensive surveys may be taken.

1

OF DIVIDING, OR LAYING OUT GROUND.

PROBLEM I..

To lay out rectangular ground.

RULE.

Divide the given area by the given fide, and the quotient will

be the fide required.

EXAMPLE. I.

What length of a rectangular field, whose breadth is 400

links, will make 3 acres 2 roods?

400)3.50000
Anf. 875

Ex. 2. What length of a ridge, 8 ells broad, will make 15 falls? Ans. 67+ ells. Ex. 3. What length of a ridge, 40 feet feet broad, will make Ans. 816 feet.

3 roods of land? Ex. 4. A field contains 32 acres 3 roods Scots, the breadth being 510 links, required the length. Ans. 6422 links nearly. Ex. 5. 'The length of a rectangular field, being 6575 links, required its breadth to contain 328 acres 3 roods.

Anf. 5000 links.

Ex. 6. A fquare field of 15 acres 2 roods 20 poles: It is reAns. 1250 links.

quired to find the length of its fide.

Ex. 7. Required the fide of a square field in yards, whose Anf. 831 nearly.

content is 30 English acres.

Ex. 8. What length of a rectangular field will make 25 Eng

lish acres, the breadth being 193 yards?

PROBLEM II.

To lay out a triangular field.

RULE I.

Anf. 625 yards.

When the base is given, to find the perpendicular: Divide the area by the base, and twice the quotient will give the perpendicular.

RULE 2. When the perpendicular is given, to find the base: Divide the area'by twice the perpendicular, and the quotient is the bafe.

RULE 3. When any part of a given triangle is to be cut off by a line parallel to one of the fides, it must be remembered that fimilar furfaces are to one another as the squarcs of their corresponding fides; and vice verfa.

EXAMPLE EXAMPLE I.

Required the perpendicular breadth of a triangular field, the base being 520 links, and content 9 acres.

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Ex. 2. A triangular field of 630 acres is to be divided equally between two farmers; the base measures 6000 links, and the march is to be drawn parallel to the base; required how much of the perpendicular will fall to each.

6.000)6300০.০০০
10500

2

21000 the whole perpendicular.

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