OF

PRACTICAL ENGINEERING

AND ALLIED TRADES

A PRACTICAL AND INDISPENSABLE WORK OF REFERENCE
FOR THE MECHANICAL ENGINEER, DESIGNER, DRAFTSMAN,
SHOP SUPERINTENDENT, FOREMAN AND

MACHINIST.

We have concluded that it would be more advantageous
to bind two volumes of this Encyclopædia in one volume.
That is, volumes One and Two, Three and Four, Five
and Six, Seven and Eight, and Nine and Ten, are each
bound together; thus publishing the work in five bound
volumes, instead of ten.

THE NORMAN W. HENLEY PUBLISHING CO.,
132, Nassau Street, New York.

ts, simple
ilæ. The
tement of

ce in the

.E.

MAKING,"

ASSISTED BY A CORPS OF PRACTICAL MEN, EACH A SPECIALIST

IN THE SUBJECT OF WHICH HE WRITES.

PROFUSELY ILLUSTRATED.

VOL. V.

FIL-OPE.

NEW YORK

THE NORMAN W. HENLEY PUBLISHING COMPANY,

132 NASSAU STREET.

OF

PRACTICAL ENGINEERING

AND ALLIED TRADES

A PRACTICAL AND INDISPENSABLE WORK OF REFERENCE
FOR THE MECHANICAL ENGINEER, DESIGNER, DRAFTSMAN,
SHOP
AND MACHINIST.

SUPERINTENDENT, FOREMAN

Encyclopaedic in scope, thorough and practical in its treatment of technical subjects, simple
and clear in its descriptive matter, and without unnecessary technicalities or formulæ. The
Articles are as brief as may be and yet give a reasonably clear and explicit statement of
the subject, and are written by men who have had ample practical experience in the
matters of which they write.

EDITED BY

JOSEPH G. HORNER, A.M.I.MECH.E.

AUTHOR OF PRACTICAL METAL TURNING,' MODERN MILLING MACHINES," "PATTERN MAKING,"
TOOLS FOR MACHINISTS, AND WOODWORKERS,"

ETC., ETC.

ASSISTED BY A CORPS OF PRACTICAL MEN, EACH A SPECIALIST
IN THE SUBJECT OF WHICH HE WRITES.

PROFUSELY ILLUSTRATED.

VOL. V.

FIL-OPE.

NEW YORK

THE NORMAN W. HENLEY PUBLISHING COMPANY,

132 NASSAU STREET.

OF

PRACTICAL ENGINEERING

AND ALLIED TRADES

A PRACTICAL AND INDISPENSABLE WORK OF REFERENCE
FOR THE MECHANICAL ENGINEER, DESIGNER, DRAFTSMAN,
SHOP SUPERINTENDENT, FOREMAN AND MACHINIST.

Encyclopædic in scope, thorough and practical in its treatment of technical subjects, simple
and clear in its descriptive matter, and without unnecessary technicalities or formulæ. The
Articles are as brief as may be and yet give a reasonably clear and explicit statement of
the subject, and are written by men who have had ample practical experience in the
matters of which they write.

EDITED BY

JOSEPH G. HORNER, A.M.I.MECH.E.

AUTHOR OF PRACTICAL METAL TURNING," MODERN MILLING MACHINES,"

PATTERN MAKING,"

ETC., ETC.

ASSISTED BY A CORPS OF PRACTICAL MEN, EACH A SPECIALIST
IN THE SUBJECT OF WHICH HE WRITES.