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IN

GEOMETRICAL DRAWING,

CONTAINING

A COPIOUS SERIES OF EXAMPLES AND PROBLEMS

IN

PRACTICAL GEOMETRY,

USE OF MATHEMATICAL INSTRUMENTS,
CONSTRUCTION OF SCALES, DESCRIPTIVE GEOMETRY,
ORTHOGRAPHIC AND HORIZONTAL PROJECTIONS,
THEORY OF SHADOWS,

ISOMETRICAL DRAWING, AND PERSPECTIVE.

THE WHOLE FOUNDED ON QUESTIONS GIVEN AT THE Different
MILITARY AND OTHER COMPETITIVE EXAMINATIONS,

AND ILLUSTRATED WITH UPWARDS OF 300 DIAGRAMS.

BY

J. F. H. DE RHEIMS, F.C.S., ETC.

FOR MANY YEARS PROFESSOR OF FORTIFICATION, FREEHAND
GEOMETRICAL DRAWING, NATURAL PHILOSOPHY, AND CHEMISTRY,
IN MOST OF THE OLDEST AND PRINCIPAL MILITARY
ESTABLISHMENTS IN THE NEIGHBOURHOOD OF

LONDON AND IN WOOLWICH.

AND

WILLIAMS AND NORGATE,

14, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN, LONDON;

AND

20, SOUTH FREDERICK STREET, EDINBURGH.

1865.

[The Right of Translation is reserved.]

183. e. 5.

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PREFACE.

In accordance to the wishes of several of the proprietors of establishments where I have the honour to attend, as well as to meet the desire manifested by many of my pupils of having some kind of class-book to guide them in the prosecution of their drawing studies, and which should, at the same time, combine moderate cost, plain and concise rules, and a copious amount of examples and of questions to be solved, I had prepared a work not only giving the solution of every question which had hitherto been set at the divers military and other examinations, but treating likewise on every subject connected with the science, and illustrated with nearly 800 diagrams. When completed, I found that I had miscalculated—that not only its publication would be too expensive, and thereby defeat one of its principal objects, but that its bulk would acquire dimensions too extensive for such an elementary work as I had in view. I felt, therefore, compelled to condense it to its present size, to expunge entirely some of its technical subjects, such as Mechanical and Architectural Drawing, Fortification, &c.; to substitute rough lithographs for the finished engraved diagrams with which I had intended to illustrate it, and to confine myself to the publication of that which, judging from past examinations, I considered most absolutely necessary.

However humble may be its object, a book of this kind cannot expect to escape criticism; and as a foreigner, I feel painfully conscious that its language is particularly open to it. On this point, however, as a literary work is not intended to be produced, I throw myself on the indulgence and generosity of my readers.

Other dangers likewise commonly attend the produc

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