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None need a guide, by sure attraction led,
And strong impulsive gravity of Head;

None want a place, for all their Centre found,
Hung to the Goddess, and coher'd around.
Not closer, orb in orb, conglob'd are seen
The buzzing Bees about their dusky Queen.
The gath'ring number, as it moves along,
Involves a vast involuntary throng,
Who gently drawn, and struggling less and less,
Roll in her Vortex, and her pow'r confess.
Not those alone who passive own her laws,
But who, weak rebels, more advance her cause.
Whate'er of dunce in College or in Town
Sneers at another, in toupee1 or gown;
Whate'er of mongrel no one class admits,
A wit with dunces, and a dunce with wits.
Nor absent they, no members of her state,
Who pay her homage in her sons, the Great;
Who, false to Phoebus, bow the knee to Baal;
Or, impious, preach his word without a call.
Patrons, who sneak from living worth to dead,
Withhold the pension, and set up the head;
Or vest dull Flatt'ry in the sacred Gown;
Or give from fool to fool the Laurel crown.
And (last and worst) with all the cant of wit,
Without the soul, the Muse's Hypocrite.

There march'd the bard and blockhead, side by side,
Who rhym'd for hire, and patroniz'd for pride.
Narcissus, prais'd with all a Parson's pow'r,

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Look'd a white lily sunk beneath a show'r 2.

There mov'd Montalto with superior air;

His stretch'd-out arm display'd a volume fair;
Courtiers and Patriots in two ranks divíde,

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Thro' both he pass'd, and bow'd from side to side3:
But as in graceful act, with awful eye

Compos'd he stood, bold Benson thrust him by:
On two unequal crutches propt he came,
Milton's on this, on that one Johnston's name.
The decent Knight retir'd with sober rage,

She blows not both with the same Wind,
But one before and one behind;
And therefore modern Authors name
One good, and t'other evil Fame.'

P. and Warburton. [Part om.] 1 [The curl of the wig at the top of the head.] 2 Means Dr Middleton's laboured encomium on Lord Hervey, in his dedication of the Life of Cicero. Warton.

3 bow'd from side to side:] As being of no one party. Warburton.

4 bold Benson] This man endeavoured to raise himself to Fame by erecting monuments, striking coins, setting up heads, and procuring translations, of Milton; and afterwards by as

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great passion for Arthur Johnston, a Scotch physician's version of the Psalms, of which he printed many fine editions. See more of him, Book III, ver. 325. P. and Warburton.

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5 The decent Knight] An eminent person, who was about to publish a very pompous edition of a great Author, at his own expense. P. and Warburton. Sir Thomas Hanmer. Wakefield. [His edition of Shakspere was published at Oxford in 1744, with a kind of sanction from the University, as it was printed at the theatre with the imprimatur of the Vice-Chancellor, and had no publisher's name on the title-page.' It was beautifully printed and obtained much favour, but its text is characterised by the editors of

Withdrew his hand, and clos'd the pompous page1.
But (happy for him as the times went then)
Appear'd Apollo's May'r and Aldermen,

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On whom three hundred gold-capt youths await,
To lug the pond'rous volume off in state.

When Dulness, smiling-"Thus revive the Wits!

But murder first, and mince them all to bits;

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As erst Medea (cruel, so to save!)

A new Edition of old son3 gave;

Let standard-authors, thus, like trophies born,
Appear more glorious as more hack'd and torn.
And you, my Critics! in the chequer'd shade,
Admire new light thro' holes yourselves have made.
Leave not a foot of verse, a foot of stone,
A Page, a Grave, that they can call their own;
But spread, my sons, your glory thin or thick,
On passive paper, or on solid brick.

A heavy Lord shall hang at ev'ry Wit,

So by each Bard an Alderman shall sit,

And while on Fame's triumphal Car they ride,

Some Slave of mine be pinion'd to their side."

Now crowds on crowds around the Goddess press,

Each eager to present their first Address.

Dunce scorning Dunce beholds the next advance,
But Fop shews Fop superior complaisance.

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When lo! a Spectre rose, whose index-hand
Held forth the virtue of the dreadful wand;
His beaver'd brow a birchen garland wears,
Dropping with Infant's blood, and Mother's tears.
O'er ev'ry vein a shudd'ring horror runs;
Eton and Winton shake thro' all their Sons.
All Flesh is humbled, Westminster's bold race
Shrink, and confess the genius of the places:
The pale Boy-Senator yet tingling stands,

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And holds his breeches close with both his hands.

the Cambridge Shakspere (Preface, p. xxxiv.) as better indeed than Pope's, inasmuch as many of Theobald's restorations and some probable emendations were introduced, but showing no trace of collation of the earlier Folios or any of the Quartos.]

1 Ver. 114. "What! no respect, he cry'd, for SHAKESPEAR'S page?"

Thus revive, &c.] The Goddess applauds the practice of tacking the obscure names of Persons not eminent in any branch of learning, to those of the most distinguished Writers; either by printing Editions of their works with impertinent alterations of their Text, as in the former instances; or by setting up Monuments disgraced with their own vile names and inscriptions, as in the latter. P. and Warburton.

3 old Eson] Of whom Ovid (very applicable to these restored authors),

Eson miratur,

Dissimilemque animum subiit'P. and Warburton. [Met. VII. 292? where the story of Medea making Eson, the father of lason, young again is narrated concluded. The quotation is garbled.]

A Page, Pagina, not Pedissequus. A Page of a Book; not a Servant, Follower, or Attendant; no Poet having had a Page since the death of Mr Thomas Durfey. Scriblerus. P. and Warburton.

5 So by each Bard an Alderman, &c.] Vide the Tombs of the Poets, Editio Westmonasteri ensis. P. and Warburton.

6 an Alderman shall sit,] Alluding to the monument erected for Butler by Alderman Barber. P.

7 [Winchester.]

8 [Personified in Dr Busby, who wielded his ferule at Westminster School from 1640 to 1695

Then thus. 'Since Man from beast by Words is known,
Words are Man's province, Words we teach alone.
When Reason doubtful, like the Samian letter1,
Points him two ways, the narrower is the better.
Plac'd at the door of Learning, youth to guide,
We never suffer it to stand too wide3.

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To ask, to guess, to know, as they commence,
As Fancy opens the quick springs of Sense,
We ply the Memory, we load the brain,
Bind rebel Wit, and double chain on chain;
Confine the thought, to exercise the breath;
And keep them in the pale of Words till death.
Whate'er the talents, or howe'er design'd,
We hang one jingling padlock on the mind:
A Poet the first day he dips his quill;
And what the last? A very Poet still.
Pity! the charm works only in our wall,
Lost, lost too soon in yonder House or Hall 4.
There truant WYNDHAM 5 ev'ry Muse gave o'er,
There TALBOT6 sunk, and was a Wit no more!
How sweet an Ovid, MURRAY' was our boast!
How many Martials were in PULT'NEY 8 lost!
Else sure some Bard, to our eternal praise,
In twice ten thousand rhyming nights and days,
Had reach'd the Work, the All that mortal can;
And South beheld that Master-piece of Man 9.

"Oh" (cry'd the Goddess) "for some pedant Reign!
Some gentle JAMES 10, to bless the land again;
To stick the Doctor's Chair into the Throne,
Give law to Words, or war with Words alone,
Senates and Courts with Greek and Latin rule,
And turn the Council to a Grammar School!
For sure, if Dulness sees a grateful Day,
'Tis in the shade of Arbitrary Sway.
O! if my sons may learn one earthly thing,
Teach but that one, sufficient for a King;

1 like the Samian letter,] The letter Y, used by Pythagoras as an emblem of the different roads of Virtue and Vice.

'Et tibi quæ Samios diduxit litera ramos.' Pers. [Sat. III. v. 56]. P. and Warburton. 2 Plac'd at the door, &c.] This circumstance of the Genius Loci (with that of the Index-hand before) seems to be an allusion to the Table of Cebes, where the Genius of human Nature points out the road to be pursued by those entering into life. P. and Warburton.

3 to stand too wide.] A pleasant allusion to the description of the door of Wisdom in the Table of Cebes. Warburton.

in yonder House or Hall.] Westminsterhall and the House of Commons. P.

5 [Sir William Wyndham, a leading member of the opposition against Walpole, died in 1740.] 6 [C. Imit. of Hor. Bk. 11. Ep. ii. v. 154.]

7 [Cf. Imit. of Hor. Bk. 1. Ep. vi.]

8 [Cf. Epil. to Satires, Dial. II. v. 84.]

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9 that Master-piece of Man.] Viz. an Epigram. The famous Dr South declared a perfect Epigram to be as difficult a performance as an Epic Poem. And the Critics say, "an Epic Poem is the greatest work human nature is capable of." P. and Warburton.

10 Some gentle JAMES, &c.] Wilson tells us that this King, James the First, took upon himself to teach the Latin tongue to Car, earl of Somerset; and that Gondomar the Spanish ambassador would speak false Latin to him, on purpose to give him the pleasure of correcting it, whereby he wrought himself into his good graces.

This great Prince was the first who assumed the title of Sacred Majesty. Warburton. [Part om.]

That which my Priests, and mine alone, maintain,
Which as it dies, or lives, we fall, or reign:
May you, may Cam and Isis, preach it long!
"The RIGHT DIVINE of Kings to govern wrong'.'
Prompt at the call2, around the Goddess roll
Broad hats, and hoods, and caps, a sable shoal:
Thick and more thick the black blockade extends,
A hundred head of Aristotle's friends 3.
Nor wert thou, Isis! wanting to the day,

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[Tho' Christ-church long kept prudishly away*.]

Each staunch Polemic, stubborn as a rock,
Each fierce Logician, still expelling Locke 5,

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Came whip and spur, and dash'd thro' thin and thick

On German Crouzaz, and Dutch Burgersdyck.

As many quit the streams that murm'ring fall

To lull the sons of Margret and Clare-hall,
Where Bentley late tempestuous wont to sport
In troubled waters, but now sleeps in Port 8.
Before them march'd that awful Aristarch;
Plough'd was his front with many a deep Remark :
His Hat, which never vail'd to human pride,

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[The theory of the divine right of the sovereign and its absolute independence of the law, was first fully developed in Cowell's Interpreter (1607); and carried out to its logical consequences in Filmer's Patriarca, which has been termed by Gneist the standard of this theory of government under Charles I.]

2 [Prompt at the call,-Aristotle's friends] The Author, with great propriety, hath made these, who were so prompt at the call of Dulness, to become preachers of the Divine Right of Kings, to be the friends of Aristotle; for this philosopher, in his politics, hath laid it down as a principle, that some men were, by nature, made to serve, and others to ccmmand. Warburton.

3 A hundred head of Aristotle's friends.] The Philosophy of Aristotle hath suffered a long disgrace in this learned University: being first expelled by the Cartesian, which, in its turn, gave place to the Newtonian. But it had all this while some faithful followers in secret, who never bowed the knee to Baal, nor acknowledged any strange God in Philosophy. These, on this new appearance of the Goddess, come out like Confessors, and made an open profession of the ancient faith, in the ipse dixit of their Master. SCRIBLERUS.

[Dr Law speaks of the old scholastic method which clung to 'the dull, crabbed system of Aristotle's logic' as still prevailing in our public forms of education a short time before this satire was written (1723). See Mullinger's Essay on Cambridge in the Seventeenth Century.]

[Tho' Christ-church] This line is doubtless spurious, and foisted in by the impertinence of the Editor; and accordingly we have put it be tween Hooks. For I affirm this College came as early as any other, by its proper Deputies; nor

did any College pay homage to Dulness in its whole body. BENTLEY.' P. and Warburton.

5 still expelling Locke,] In the year 1703 there was a meeting of the heads of the University of Oxford to censure Mr Locke's Essay on Human Understanding, and to forbid the reading it. See his Letters in the last Edit. P. [But he was never expelled, only deprived of his studentship at Christ-Church; and this on the ground of political suspicions, before he had written his great Essay.]

6 [The hostility of Pope to Crouzaz is readily accounted for by the attack made by the latter on the Essay on Man. But Pope committed a gross mistake in introducing his adversary among Locke's Aristotelian opponents, as C. had formed his philosophy in the school of Locke. Dugald Stewart, quoted by Roscoe.]

7 the streams] The river Cam, running by the walls of these Colleges, which are particularly famous for their skill in Disputation. P. and Warburton.

8 sleeps in Port.] Viz. "now retired into harbour, after the tempests that had long agitated his society." So SCRIBLErus. But the learned Scipio Maffei understands it of a certain wine called Port, from Oporto a city of Portugal, of which this Professor invited him to drink abund antly. SCIP. MAFE. De Compotationibus Aca demicis. P. and Warburton. [Bentley's quar rel with his College virtually came to an end with the death of the Visitor, bp. Greene, whose right to decide the dispute between the Master and Society he had originally challenged. This event happened in 1738; the quarrel with the University had ended in 1725 by the restoration of all Bentley's rights and degrees by royal mandamus.]

Walker with rev'rence took, and laid aside.
Low bow'd the rest: He, kingly, did but nod,
So upright Quakers please both Man and God."
Mistress! dismiss that rabble from your throne:
Avaunt--is Aristarchus yet unknown?

2

Thy mighty Scholiast, whose unweary'd pains
Made Horace dull, and humbled Milton's strains 3.
Turn what they will to Verse, their toil is vain,
Critics like me shall make it Prose again.
Roman and Greek Grammarians! know your Better:
Author of something yet more great than Letter;
While tow'ring o'er your Alphabet, like Saul,
Stands our Digamma, and o'er-tops them all.
'Tis true, on Words is still our whole debate,
Disputes of Me or Te7, of aut or at,
To sound or sink in cano, O or A,
Or give up Cicero to C or K 8.

Let Freind affect to speak as Terence spoke,
And Alsop never but like Horace joke:
For me, what Virgil, Pliny may deny,
Manilius 10 or Solinus 11 shall supply:
For Attic Phrase in Plato let them seek,
I poach in Suidas 12 for unlicens'd Greek.
In ancient Sense if any needs will deal,

Be sure I give them Fragments, not a Meal;
What Gellius or Stobæus 13 hash'd before,

Or chew'd by blind old Scholiasts o'er and o'er.

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1 John Walker, Vice-Master of Trin. Coll. Cam- never lived to finish this crowning work of his

bridge, while Bentley was Master. Carruthers life of Me or Te,] It was a serious dispute,

[He laboured faithfully for Bentley, both in literary and personal matters. Thuillier (Corr. of Bentley 11. p. 549) calls him 'dignum tanto Magistro discipulum.']

2 Aristarchus] A famous Commentator, and Corrector of Homer, whose name has been frequently used to signify a complete Critic. The compliment paid by our Author to this eminent Professor, in applying to him so great a Name, was the reason that he hath omitted to comment on this part which contains his own praises. We shall therefore supply that loss to our best ability. SCRIBL. P. and Warburton.

3[Bentley's editions of Horace and of Paradise Lost, published in 1711 and 1731 respectively.]

4 Critics like me] Alluding to two famous Editions of Horace and Milton; whose richest veins of Poetry he hath prodigally reduced to the poorest and most beggarly prose. SCRIBL.

5 Author of something yet more great than Letter;] Alluding to those Grammarians, such as Palamedes and Simonides, who invented single letters. But Aristarchus, who had found out a double one, was therefore worthy of double honour. SCRIBL.

6 While tow'ring o'er your Alphabet, like Saul, Stands our Digamma,] Alludes to the boasted restoration of the Eolic Digamma, in his long projected Edition of Homer. P. [Bentley

about which the learned were much divided, and some treatises written: Had it been about Meum or Tuum, it could not be more contested, than whether at the end of the first Ode of Horace, to read, Me doctarum hederæ præmia frontium, or, Te doctarum hedera-. SCRIBL.

8 Or give up Cicero to C or K.] Grammatical disputes about the manner of pronouncing Cicero's name in Greek. Warburton. [Rather, of course, in Latin.]

9 Freind, Alsop] Dr Robert Freind, master of Westminster-school, and canon of Christchurch-Dr Anthony Alsop, a happy imitator of the Horatian style. P. and Warburton.

10 [Author of the Astronomicon-a writer of the Augustan age.]

11 [Author of the Polyhistor, a compilation from Pliny's Natural History.]

12 [The famous lexicographer, of whose work Küster (infra, v. 237) brought out the Cambridge editions.]

13 Suidas, Gellius, Stobæus] The first a Dictionary-writer, a collector of impertinent facts and barbarous words; the second a minute Critic; the third an author, who gave his Common-place book to the public, where we happen to find much Mince-meat of old books, P. and Warburton.

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