8. What does Blackstone enumerate as― a. Primary rights of Englishmen ; b. Auxiliary, or subordinate rights? Explain from Austin and Bentham the meaning of the word 9. What meanings have been borne by the phrase "natural law"? Illustrate your answers from the Institutes, Blackstone, Austin, and Maine. 10. Explain these phrases a. Jus in rem; b. Jus in personam; d. Jus ad rem. Illustrate them by reference to the following transactions,—a sale of goods, the hiring of a servant. FIRST-CLASS OPEN COMPETITION. .Specimen Paper. [Time, Three hours.] 1. State and discuss the rules of English Law with regard to the construction of Statutes? 2. How far does the law of England prevail in English colonies and dependencies ? 3. Stephen has reversed the arrangement of Blackstone, and placed the exposition of the law respecting what Blackstone terms "The Rights of Things" before the exposition of the law respecting what Blackstone terms The Rights of Persons." Discuss the propriety of this change of arrangement? 4. Examine the meaning of the terms "unconstitutional," "semi-sovereign,' a determinate Body?' 99 66 5. Show that the three terms "command," "duty," and "sanction," are inseparably connected 6. Examine briefly what is the proper province of jurisprudence. 7. Discuss the basis of the distinction between civil and criminal law. 8. What is meant by "Legal Fictions"? Give instances from the history of English law. Show that the employment of these fictions has been beneficial or prejudicial at different stages of society? 9. What are the general maxims to be kept in view in framing a Penal Code? EXCISE. The Examinations for the Excise in Spelling, Handwriting, Separate Addition, and English Composition are conducted in the usual way. It is necessary to inform intending Competitors that no "Cross Tots" are given, and that the subjects for English Composition are more numerous than at other open competitions. ARITHMETIC. (Time allowed, 2 hours.) 1. Add together 21, 31%, s2, and 23. 2. Subtract 7 from 12. 3. Multiply together 51, 2, 4, and 322. 4. Divide 74 by 714. 5. Add together 53 6282, 73-50036, 9.9625, and 007. 6. Subtract 4.147283 from 30.0721. 7. Multiply 02634 by 30 24. 8. Divide 9.065 by 1.225. 9. Express ls. 3d. as the decimal of £3 15s. 10. Add together 54, 21§, 7, 17. 11. Subtract 244 from 30. 12. Multiply together 4, 31, 13, 215, and 1 13. Divide 70 by 40. 14. Add together 172 of 3s. 9d. and 072 of a guinea, and give the answer in pence and the decimal fraction of a penny. 15. Subtract2 875 oz. from 2875 lb. avoirdupois. 16. Multiply 2685 by '48. 17. Divide 46 732 by '07. 18. Reduce 8.04 pennyweights to the decimal of a pound troy. 19. Reduce 4 miles 3 furlongs 15 poles 2 feet to feet. 20. A creditor receives £173 15s. 6d from the state of a bankrupt paying 15s. 9d. in the £; what was the original debt? 21. Find (by Practice) the dividend on £8,376 5s. at 13s. 7d. in the pound. 22. Find the simple interest on £1,760 for 4 years at 54 per cent. per annum. 23. In 14365925 pints of wine how many hogsheads, gallons, &c.? 24. If a 4 lb. loaf costs 6d. when wheat is 52s. a quarter, what ought a ninepenny loaf to weigh when wheat is 65s. a quarter? 25. Find (by Practice) the cost of 3 qrs. 2 bushels 1 peck of oats at 4s. 4d. a bushel. 26. Find the amount of £2,380 in 3 years at 5 per cent. per annum compound interest, neglecting fractions of a penny. MISCELLANEOUS. You had better not attempt any of the following questions till you have done as many as you can of the preceding ones. 27. Find the cost of painting the 4 walls of a room at 10d. a square yard, the length of the room being 18ft. 10 in., the breadth 17ft. 1 in., and the height 12 ft. 3 in. 28. From the following table find the proportion per cent. which the whole number of thirdclass passengers bears to the number of first and second-class passengers in France and Prussia together. 29. If the 3 per cent. consols be at 934, what sum of money must be expended in the purchase of stock in order to obtain an income of £552 a-year? If the purchaser afterwards sell out at 95 and invest the proceeds in mortgages at 4 per cent. per annum, what will be the increase in his income? 30. What must be the dimensions of a rectangular cistern of which the base is square and the depth equal to a quarter of a side of the base, in order that it may contain 19321 gallons of water, each gallon containing 278 cubic inches ? 31. Find exactly the cube root of 47307, ROYAL IRISH CONSTABULARY. The examinations in Handwriting, Separate Addition, Orthography, English History, and English Composition, are much the same as at all ordinary examinations. We give a few papers on some of the subjects. ARITHMETIC. In addition to twelve long "tots," not including any Cross Tots, the candidates are required to work a set of "39 sums," and five of more difficulty, such as the following: Constabulary Paper. (Time 1 hour.) 1. A person buys £700 stock in the 3 per cent. consols, at 941, and invests £585 in Russian 5 per cent. stock at 971, how much stock has he standing in his name? If he sell out of the former at 95, and out of the latter at 961, how much does he gain or lose? Answer. £4 loss. 2. If 5 per cent. be lost by selling goods at £5 5s. 6d. per cent, what will be the gain per cent. by selling at 3s. 2d. per pound? 3. A person invests £1,638 in the 3 per cents. at 91; he sells out £1,200 stock when they have risen to 934, and the remainder when they have fallen to 85; find his gain or loss? 4. How many lbs. of tea, at 2s. 8d. per lb., must a dealer mix with 495 lbs. at 2s. 9d. per lb., so that he may realize a profit of 10 per cent. by selling the mixture at 3s. a lb. 5. A person has 1,260 qrs. of wheat, he sells at a gain of 5 per cent., § at a gain of 8 per cent., and the remainder at a gain of 12 per cent. Had he sold the whole at a profit of 10 per cent., he would have made £23 2s. more. Find cost price per quarter. For answers, see Civil Service Arithmetic." (Longmans). Constabulary Paper. 1. What is the value of 4 per cent. stock, in order that, after deducting 4 pence in the £ income tax, it may yield 5 per cent. interest? 2. A person buys goods for £20, he sells one-half at a gain of 10 per cent., at what rate per cent. must he sell the remainder so as to realize 20 per cent. on his outlay? 3. A person sells as much 3 per cent. stock at 92, as realizes £18,550, and invests of the produce in 4 per cent. stock at 96, and the remainder in the 3 per cents. at 90; find the alteration in his income? 4. A person sells goods at £116 10s., and gains 9 per cent., find how much per cent. he would gain or lose by selling at £108 10s. 5. This question was a modification of the tabular question given at LVIII. No. 237, Civil Service Arithmetic, or No. 29, p. 29 in Excise Guide. ENGLISH COMPOSITION. Subjects lately given :-France in 1870.-M. Thiers or Bismarck.-An Account of a Travel. Constabulary Paper. 1. On the accompanying map of Ireland trace the course of the principal rivers, and mark the position of the most important towns on their banks? 2. What are the principal trades and manufactures of :-Cork, Limerick, Sheffield, Stafford, Paisley, Leeds, Drogheda, and Belfast? 3. What districts in Scotland and Ireland are most noted for agricultural products, mineral products, and scenery? 4. Give a list of the towns of Ireland (1) containing more than 50,000 inhabitants; (2) more than 20,000? 5. Draw and fill in a map of Tipperary, Somerset, or Renfrew, as large as your paper will admit of?" 6. Describe the position of the following, and mention anything remarkable about any one of them :-Killala, Preston Pans, Inverlochy, Naseby, Coventry, Cowes, St. Helier's, Culloden, Athlone, Sedgemoor, and Portaferry. 7. Give roughly the latitude and longitude of :-Plymouth, Belfast, and Edinburgh? OPEN COMPETITION.-CLASS II. This being the most important examination for the Public Service, we consider it necessary to print several specimen papers, which have been actually set to candidates. The following remarks on the examination in March, 1873, are chiefly condensed from the Civilian: The preliminary examination resulted in the rejection of 200 out of |