CHRIST

AND

CHRISTIANITY

STUDIES ON

CHRISTOLOGY, CREEDS AND CONFESSIONS,

PROTESTANTISM AND ROMANISM, REFORMATION PRINCIPLES,

SUNDAY OBSERVANCE, RELIGIOUS FREEDOM,

AND CHRISTIAN UNION

BY

PHILIP SCHAFF

NEW YORK

CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS

COPYRIGHT, 1885,

BY

PHILIP SCHAFF.

THE THEOLOGY OF OUR AGE AND COUNTRY,

Definition of Theology, 1.-Departments of Theology: Exegetical

Theology, 2.-Historical Theology, 3.-Systematic Theology, 4.-

Practical Theology, 5.-Theology and the Ministry, 6.—The Study

of Theology, 6.-Faith and Knowledge, 7.—Theological Character,

9.-Epochs of Theology, 10.-American Theology, 11.-The Volun-

tary Principle, 13.-Combination of European and American

Resources, 14.-Commingling of Denominations, 15.-Christian

Union, 16.—Presbyterian Reunion, 19.—The Union Theological

Seminary, 20.

I. CHRISTOLOGICAL STUDIES.

CHRIST HIS OWN BEST WITNESS,

The Problem stated, 23.-False Explanations of Christianity,

25.-The Jesus of Imposture, 26.-The Jesus of Fiction, 27.-The

Christ of History, 31.-Some traits of Christ's Character, 32.-The

external Appearance of Christ, 35.-The Christ of Prophecy, 37.—

Christ and Christendom, 40.—Christ and the Human Heart, 42.

Biblical Christology, 46.-The Ante-Nicene Christology, 50.-The

Nicene Christology, 57.-The Chalcedonian Christology, 59.-The

Post-Chalcedonian Christology, 62.-Analysis of the Ecumenical

Christology, 64.-Critical Estimate of the Ecumenical Christology,

67.-The Orthodox Protestant Christology, 70.-The Scholastic

Christology of the Lutheran Church, 72.-The Kenosis Controversy

of the Seventeenth Century, 78.-The Reformed Christology, 79.-

✓ Comparison of the Lutheran and Reformed Christologies, 86.—Mod-
ern Christologies, 94.-The Socinian Christology, 95.-The Unita-

1-22

23-44

45-123

rian Christology, 97.-The Swedenborgian Christology, 89.-The

Rationalistic Christology, 100.-The Pantheistic Christology, 101.

-Schleiermacher's Christology, 104.-Rothe, 105.-Bushnell,

106. The modern Kenosis Theory, 107.-Criticism of the Kenosis

Theory, 115.-Dorner, The Theory of Gradual Incarnation, 119.—

Conclusion, 122.

II. POLEMICAL AND IRENICAL STUDIES.

✔PROTESTANTISM AND ROMANISM,

THE PRINCIPLES OF THE REFORMATION,

124-127

128-134

CREEDS AND CONFESSIONS OF FAITH,

The Bible and the Creed, 135.-The Confession of Peter, 136.—

The Ecumenical Creed, 137.-The Greek Creed, 139.-The

Roman Creed, 140.-The Evangelical Creed, 142.-Lutheranism

and Reform, 144.-Later Evangelical Creeds, 144.-The Problem

of Reunion, 146.-Different kinds of Union, 146.-The Doctrinal

Basis already existing, 148.

THE CONSENSUS OF THE REFORMED CONFESSIONS,

Cranmer's Proposal of a Reformed Consensus, 153.—The Reformed

Confessions, 155.-The Harmony of the Reformed Confessions,

158.-Bibliology, 158.-Theology and Christology, 159.-Anthro-

pology and Soteriology, 159.-Predestination, 161.-Ecclesiology,

163.-Sacramentology, 164.-Eschatology, 166.-The Theologi-

cal Revolution, 166.—The Revival of Evangelical Theology,

167.-The Relation of Modern Evangelical Theology to the

Reformed Confessions, 168.-Bibliology, 170.-The Theological

Standpoint, 172.-Catholicity, 173.-Moderation of High Calvin-

ism, 174.—The Problem of Predestination, 176.-Infant Salvation,

176.-Religious Liberty, 177.-The Reformed Consensus and the

Presbyterian Council, 178.—Conclusion, 183.

III. MORAL AND SOCIAL STUDIES.

SLAVERY AND THE BIBLE,.

The Origin of Slavery, 184.-The Curse of Noah, 185.-Patri-

archal Slavery, 189.-Slavery under the Mosaic Law, 192.—Greek

and Roman Slavery, 197.-The New Testament and Slavery,

200.-Paul and Philemon, 211.---Conclusion, 212.

DIE CHRISTLICHE SONNTAGSFEIER,

135-152

153-183

184-212

213-239

Origin and authority of the Christian Sabbath, 240.-The Anglo-

American and the Continental Theory, 243.-Objections answered,

244.-Advantages of the Anglo-American Theory, 249.-History

of Sunday Observance before the Reformation, 252; since the

Reformation, 253; in England and Scotland, 255; in New Eng-

land, 260.—The American Sabbath, 265.—Conclusion, 273.

Persecution inconsistent with Christianity, 276.-Persecution in

the Middle Ages, 277; after the Reformation, 279.-Causes of Per-

secution, 283.-Separation of Church and State, 284.-The Ameri-

can Theory of Religious Freedom, 285.-Gradual Growth of

Toleration and Freedom, 285.

THE DISCORD AND CONCORD OF CHRISTENDOM,

The Churches of Christendom, 292.-The Greek Church, 293.-

The Latin Church, 294.-The Protestant Churches, 294.-Defects

and sins of Churches, 295.-Persecution opposed to the spirit of

Christianity, 296.—An act of humiliation, 297.-Denominational-

ism not Sectarianism, 298.-Diversity in Unity, 298.-Denomina-

tions necessary and useful, 299.-Liberty favorable to Christianity,

301.—Organic Union never realized nor promised, 301.—Good

and evil in Denominationalism, 302.-Christian Union not to be

created, 303.-Unity in Doctrine, 303.-Unity in Morals, 305.

-Church Polity, 305.-Worship, 306.-Promotion of Christian

Union, 307.-Hindrances of Christian Union, 307.-Christian

Catholicity, 308.

240-275

276-291

292-310