a house of representatives chosen for two. The gov ernor aiso is chosen for two years by a joint ballot of both houses.

GEORGIA.

Climate. The winters in Georgia are mild and pleas ant; snow is seldom seen, nor is vegetation interrupted by severe frosts. The thermometer usually fluctuates between 40 and 60 degrees. In the low country, near the rice swamps, bilious fevers are very general during the months of July, August, and September. At the approach of this season, the rich planters, with their famifies, remove either to the sea islands, or to more elevated situations, for the benefit of the air.

Face of the Country, Soit and Productions. The coast of Georgia for 4 or 5 miles inland, is a salt marsh, at present mostly uninhabited. In front of this, towards the sea, there is a chain of islands, of a grey rich soil, covered in their natural state, with pine, hickory, and live oak, and yielding on cultivation sea-island cotton. Back of the salt marsh there is a narrow margin of land, nearly of the same quality with that of the islands; immediately back of which commence the pine barrens. The rivers and creeks are every where bordered with swamps or marsh, which at every tide, for 15 or 25 miles back into the country, are either wholly or partially overflowed. These constitute the rice plantations. The pine barrens extend from 60 to 90 miles from the coast, beyond which the country rises into hills and mountains, of a strong rich soil, yielding on cultivation, tobacco, wheat, Indian corn, and other products of the Northern States.

The great staples of this State are cotton and rice. Indigo was formerly considerably cultivated. It is the product of a plant, obtained by maceration in water about 30 hours, after which the liquor is drawn off into vats, where it undergoes an operation somewhat similar to that of churning. After this process, lime-water is poured into the liquor, which causes the particles of indigo to settle to the bottom.

The pine barrens produce grapes of large size, and of excellent favour. Melons come to great perfection in this State. Apples, pears and cherries are also cultivated, But with less success. The sweet oranges of Georgia are

inferior to those of the West Indies. The lemons, citron, pomegranate, Indian fig, and sugar cane, find here a genial climate. The rivers of Georgia are infested with alligators and numerous reptiles, many of which are

venomous.

Manufactures.

The manufactures of this State are cotton cloths, some woollen, rum, peach brandy, whiskey, leather, bar-iron, gun-powder, soap and candles.

Commerce. Georgia owns but little shipping. Savannah is the only sea-port of consequence. Most of the foreign

merchandise used in this State is obtained from Charleston and New-York. Cheese, fish, potatoes, apples, cider, and shoes are procured chiefly from the New-England States. The principal exports are cotton, rice, lumber, tobacco, canes, deer-skins and maize.

Towns. Savannah, on Savannah river, 17 miles from the sea, is the largest town. It contains ten public squares of one acre each, enclosed and planted with rows of trees. Most of the streets also have rows of trees on each side. The public buildings are a court house, a prison, an exchange five stories high, an academy, and 7 houses for public worship. A battery on the south side of the river calculated for 12 guns defends the town. The population in 1810 was 2,490 whites, 2,195 slaves, and 530 free blacks; in all 5,215. The fairest part of this city was destroyed by a tremendous fire, Jan. 11th, 1820. Liberal contributions for its relief were promptly made through the United States.

The state

Milledgeville is the seat of government. house is elegant. A shoal in the river opposite this town is famous for the quantity and quality of the shad caught on it. Augusta is a place of considerable trade. The river here is 500 yards wide Louisville, formerly the seat of government, contains about 50 houses and 524 inhabitants, including slaves.

Inhabitants. The disposition and character of the inhabitants, collected from various parts of the world, are very much diversified. They are charged with indolence, which is attributed partly to the relaxing heat of the climate, but are praised for their friendliness and hospitality to strangers. Their diversions are dancing, horseracing, cock-fighting, and chiefly hunting. More than half of the inhabitants in the low country are blacks

Indians. The Creek Indians inhabit the western half of this State, and the easterly part of Missisippi, and are the

They have made

most numerous tribe in the Union. considerable progress in the arts of civilized life. They cultivate tobacco, rice, maize, and potatoes, and have abundance of tame cattle and hogs Their women spin

and weave, and their children are taught reading, writing, and arithmetic.

Literature. The University of Georgia was incorporated in 1785. It consists of a college at Athens, with subordinate branches or academies, as they are called, established, or to be established, in each county.

Religion. The prevailing denominations are Presbyterians, Epicopalians, Baptists, and Methodists. There are very few regular clergymen settled in this State.

Government. The legislature is styled the General Assembly, and consists of a senate and house of representatives, chosen annually. The governor is chosen for two years by a joint vote of both houses.

WESTERN STATES.

The Western States comprehend all that part of the territory of the United States which lies west of the Alleghany mountains and east of Missisippi river.

The climate in these States is much milder in the same parallels of latitude than in those eastward of the mountains the quantity of snow is considerably less; vegetation is several weeks earlier, and as much later. The north-east wind, so distressing, particularly in the Northern States, is hardly known here. Though the climate is milder, the weather, if possible, is more unsteady, and the atmosphere more replete with moisture. Rheumatisms, pleurisies, consumptions, and bilious complaints, are the most common diseases.

The soil generally is of remarkable fertility. The flat lands on the rivers, in New-England called intervals, are here called BOTTOMS. At some distance from the rivers the land often suddenly rises 6 or 8 feet, when there is another flat, and so on; after this a third, called first, second and third bottoms, counting from the rivers upwards.

Prairies, or natural meadows, in the Southern States called savannas, are frequent in this country. They are extensive, level tracts of ground, some of which are low

and wet, others are elevated and dry, stretching often' mes further than the eye can reach, for the most part entirely destitute of trees, of a deep rich soil, covered with a kind of coarse grass and cane. On these prairies buffaloes are often seen grazing together in herds of more than a hundred head.

The productions of this country in the most southerly parts are cotton, indigo, and some rice. Hemp, Indian corn, and tobacco, are produced in great perfection both in the southern and middle parts. In the northern parts, wheat, oats, barley, rye, Indian corn, hemp, and flax, are mostly cultivated.

The sugar maple abounds in all parts of this country, from which it is supposed, with sufficient hands, a supply of sugar might be made for the whole United States. Ginseng grows abundantly in the woods, and likewise wild grapes. Also a species of grass, called wild rye. It has a head and beard resembling rye, and sometimes produces a small slender grain.

The wild animals are buffaloes, elk, deer, bears, wolves, panthers, wild-cats, foxes, beavers and otters. The buffalo is the size of an ox, with a large head, thick, short, crooked horns, and is broader in his forepart than behind. Upon his shoulders is a large lump or roll of flesh, covered with long, curly hair. They herd together like domestic cattle, and feed upon grass. They are very innocent, narmless animals, and their flesh is excellent food. Phea sants, partridges, and wild turkies, are frequent in the woods.

The rivers afford plenty of fish. Those most common, particularly to the waters of the Ohio, are the buffalo fish of a large size, and the cat-fish, sometimes exceeding 100 weight. Trout have been taken in Kentucky weighing 30 pounds. On these waters, and especially on the Ohio, geese and ducks are very numerous.

Fossil coal is found in various parts. It is remarkably pure, and burns with a fine lambent flame, gives out great heat, and leaves but a small quantity of ashes. There are many springs, called oil springs, where Petroleum or Seneka oil is gathered in great abundance. Salt springs are very numerous, from which salt is manufactured for the supply of the whole country. These springs by the inhabitants are called LICKS from the earth about them being furrowed out in a most curious manner, by the

buffalo and deer, which lick the earth on account of the saline particles with which it is impregnated.

The remote situation of this country from the sea-board renders it unfavourable to commerce. This inconvenience, however, is in some degree remedied by its numerous, large and navigable rivers, the principal of which is the Missisippi, the great outlet of the exports of the e States. But the difficulty of ascending that river occasions the imports to take a different course. Most of the foreign goods imported into this country are brought from Philadelphia and Baltimore in waggons over the mountains, or are obtained from Canada.

There are many indications that the whole of this western country, at some remote period, must have been covered with water. One circumstance which particularly corroborates this opinion is, the vast quantities of marine shells frequently found in the hills at the height of 4 or 500 feet above the present bed of the rivers. Likewise bones, logs, and various petrified substances, are frequently found, in digging wells and roads, buried to the depth of many feet under the earth.

Remains of ancient forts and fortifications, and mounds of earth which are found to contain human bones, hence supposed to be graves of some inhabitants more ancient than the present Indians, are found scattered over all this Western Country.

MISSISIPPI

Is a fine country, and has a temperate climate. White frosts, and sometimes thin ice, have been known, but snow is very uncommon. The soil is of a very superior quality. The savannas or natural meadows are covered with a black, rich mould, about one foot and a half deep, beneath which is a stiff clay, which hardens on being exposed to the sun; but when wet by a slight shower of rain, it slackens like lime, after which it is found excellent for vegetation.

The productions are cotton, rice, Indian corn, hemp, flax, indigo, and tobacco in great abundance. Oranges and lemons are plenty; hops grow wild; all kinds of European fruits arrive to great perfection, and no part of the known world is more favourable for raising every kind of stock.

The rivers most worthy of notice are the Yaz00, 100 yards wide at its mouth; Pearl river, navigable 150 miles; the Mobile and its branches.