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may also be too severe I readily admit: but I cannot allow that no censure ought to be passed on persons of a religious character, supposing that censure to be deserved. Surely, Sir, we may learn from the Popish Church, and also from some members of our own, who will not tolerate any mention of a departure from sound doctrine in our establishment, that the true way to preserve a religious body in health, is not to claim infallibility or exemption from censure; but rather to encourage fair animadversion. That political integrity is promoted by freedom of debate, who ever has denied? And I apprehend that the purity both of the Church of England in general, and of every religious body of men in particular, is advanced by the same means. Let enthusiasm pass uncensured to what pitch may it not rise? Let a dividing spirit be continually encouraged; what an almost infinite divisibility in religious opinion may we experience? Let conceit be freely allowed to mix itself with religious knowledge: at what a disgusting height may it not arrive unperceived? Nay, let a few even of the soundest tenets be carried to extra

vagance: how may the fair proportions of true christianity be lost?

Allow me now to conclude by once more expressing the sentiment with which my letter commenced :

viz. that there is a GOLDEN MEAN in religion, which ought ever to be observed. I hope, Sir, that no desire of popularity, no eagerness to extend the sale of your work, no ambition to be deemed pre-eminent in any branch of religious truth, no unworthy compliance with popular taste, will ever tempt you to depart from that sobriety, by which you have hitherto been distinguished; or to neglect the cultivation of those plain parts of religion, which, though they may give little fame, effect no small good. To suppose a zeal for what are called by some the higher doctrines of the gos pel, to be an indication of the attainment of the higher eminences in religion, is a sentiment which I am persuaded is erroneous. Many of those christians who, in their earlier days, were eager to ascend those heights, have, in the ripeness of their christian experience, become more moderate. It is our early presumption: it is the scantiness of our christian observation and experience, which often causes us to think that we see far into the deep things of God. May not those lines of the poet be true even in religion: "Here shallow draughts intoxicate the brain, But drinking deeply sobers us again.”

I beg pardon for the freedom of this intrusion, and am, your's,

MODERATOR.

LITERARY AND PHILOSOPHICAL INTELLIGENCE,

&c. &c.

GREAT BRITAIN.

PREPARING for the press, the second volume of Mr. HORNE TOOKE'S En Tipo

- Naturalist's Guide through England and Wales, designed to assist Naturalists, by presenting thein at one view with the Plants, Animals, &c. which they inay expect to find in the different countries; by Mr. L. W. DILLWYN, of Swansea, and Mr. DAWSON TURNER, of Yarmouth Treatise on the Art of Bread-making, intended to concentrate into one point of view, for general information, every thing at present known on this interesting subject; by Mr. EDLINS, of Uxbridge.

In the press, the Third Edition of BROWN'S Self-interpreting Bible; to be

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completed in Twelve Monthly Parts, price 5s. each, making two large volumes in 410.-Testimonies respecting the Tomb of 4lexander the Great, surrendered to the British Army at the capitulation of Alexandria, and now in the British Museum; with an Introductory Dissertation on the Apotheosis and Portrait of Alexander, and a brief Notice of the Ruins of Saisy by EDWARD DANIEL CLARKE, LL D. Fellow of Jesus College, Cambridge-A new edition, considerably enlarged, and at a reduced price, of the Fashionable World displayed, by THEOPHILUS CHRISTIAN, Esq.-Culina Medicine Famufatriæ; à Book of Modern Cookery, with medical Observatious; by Dr. HUNTER, of York.—A new edition, with many additions, of the

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Letters of the Rev. Mr. ORTON, and Sir JAMES STONEHOUSE, to the Rev. Mr. STEDMAN. The first volume of a Life of the late Queen of France, both in French and English, by Mr. WEBBER.-A new edition, with Additions and Improvements, of Dr. SAUNDERS's Treatise on Mineral Waters.A full and accurate Translation, with illustrative Notes, of General BERTHIER'S Memoir of Bonaparte's Campaigns in Egypt and Syria; together with the Operations of Gen. DESSAIX in Upper Egypt.-A Translation of FIORELLI'S History of the Fine Arts, illustrated with various Engravings, and with Notes and Additions, by an eminent English Artist, in 5 vols.-The System of the Friends examined, being an Inquiry into the Principles of the People commonly called Quakers; by JOHN BRISTED, of the honourable Society of the Inner Temple, in 1 vol. 8vo.

The Christmas Course of Lectures, at the ROYAL INSTITUTION, began on the 13th of this month, Mr. Davy will deliver Twelve Lectares on Chemical Analysis, Mr. FLETCHER Twenty-four Lectures on Natural Philosophy, the Rev. SYDNEY SMITH Ten Lectures on Moral Philosophy, Mr. LANDSEER Three Lectures on Engraving, and Professor CROTCH Six Lectures on Music.

An interesting and very important Paper occurs in No. 250 of YOUNG's Annals of Agriculture, the contents of which cannot be too generally known. It demonstrates, by authentic evidence, the Efficacy of Yeast in the Cure of Putrid Diseases. This efficacy is attributed, in all probability, to the great quantity of carbonic acid, or fixed air, which it contains. The Rev. Mr. CARTWRIGHT administered Yeast to above fifty persons labouring under putrid fevers, every one of whom recovered. Dr. THORNTON, whose opportunities have been great in patrid fevers, he having the superintendance of the General Dispensary, which includes the poor of nine parishes, and is situated in the vicinity of St. Giles's, has made frequent trials of Yeast, and has succeeded with it in extreme cases. After cleansing the primæ via by an emetic and cathartic, he administered two table spoonsful of Yeast in some porter, every two hours; and out of above forty cases, among the poor of St: Giles's, not one died under this simple treatment. Some interesting cases are detailed in the above-mentioned Paper.

A patent has been granted to Mr. WIL LIAM PETHER, of Bristol, for certain Methods, on a new Principle, either for presenting or curing Smokey Chimnies. A machine with valves is placed either in or on the top of a chimney, that the rising smoke may force open the valves and escape into the air, without being liable to return as usual, in certain states of the atmosphere: the valves opposite to the wind will shut of themselves, while the CHRIST. OBSERV. No. 35.

smoke will issue out freely at the others. To such chimnies as are very wide below at the hearth, the Patentee applies contractors or concentrators of air, to unitę their effect with the machine placed above. See Repertory of Arts, Vol. V. Second Serics, pp. 416-419.

A charitable Institution for the cure of Diseases of the Eye and Ear, is about to be instituted by Mr. J. C. SAUNDERS, the Demonstrator of Anatomy at St. Thomas Hospital. An annual Subscription of One Guinea makes a Governor.

SWITZERLAND.

The Society, lately instituted at Lausanne, to exterminate the Small Pox by Vaccination, have publicly offered to pay one hundred livres to any person, who, after successfully undergoing Vaccination under their care, should take the Sinall Pox.

GERMANY..

Dr. WOLF, of Nuremberg, and Dr., MEYER, of Offenbach, are preparing a new Ornithology of the German and French Birds.

KONIC has lately published a Commen." tary on the Satires of Persius.

SCHUTZ, the well known editor of Es-. chylus, is proceeding in an edition of the entire Works of Cicero.

SCHNEIDER has just published Quintus Curtius, with Notes and elaborate Com-. mentaries.

WAGNER is about to publish a new edition of Cicero de Legibus.

The Annals of Agriculture, by Mr. ARTHUR YOUNG, have lately attracted much. attention in Germany. Mr. ALBERT. THAIR, a man of eminence in the knowledge of Rural Economy, is, in consequence, about to commence with the beginning of the year 1805, a publication under the same title; which is to consist, in part, of Translations from Mr. Young's Work, and partly of details respecting the Rural Economy of Germany, similar to those by which M. Young illustrates that of the United Kingdom.

M. HARDING, of the Observatory at Lilienthal near Bremen, who has been employed on an Atlas of all the Stars down to those of the eighth magnitude, which lie within and hear the orbits of the two new planets Ceres and Pallas, discovered on the 1st. of September a THIRD NEW PLANET. Its place, as settled by Dr.

OLBERS, on September 8, was at M. T. 8b. 11m. 20° A. R. 1o. 29′. 39. declin, south 0°. 47′. 19".: its motion in A. R. is about 7. 56", or 31. 7 in time retrograde, and in declin. about 124 34”. south per diem. It is similar to Ceres in light and apparent magnitude. Nothing nebulous can be distinguished around it; and, in all probability, it is another of a considerable body of small planets, of which this is the 4Y

third recently discovered. In the Philosophical Magazine for October last, a chart is given, representing the apparent path of this New Planet, laid down from Observation.

SWEDEN.

Verse, of Count JOHN GABRIEL OXENSTIERN, in 3 vols. Literature is making considerable advances in this city. A variety of Translations from the English, ---German, and French, have lately appeared. There has also been published, a ↑ German and Swedish Dictionary, by Jonas WICKFORT 1.

At Stockholm will be published, very early next year, the Works, in Prose and

T

We are obliged to omit, for want of room, a part of what we intended to insert under

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LIST OF NEW PUBLICATIONS.

THEOLOGY.

A SERMON, preached before the Bucks Volunteers, on the 8th of August, 1804. By the Rev. John Compeon. Is.

Religious Experience essential to a Christian Warrior; a Sermon, preached at Broadmead Church, Bristol, August 1804, before the Bristol Education Society. By James Dove. 1s..

A Charge delivered to the Clergy of the Diocese of Bristol, at the primary Visitation of the Bishop in the Year 1804, 4to.

A Reply to the Dissenter's Reasons for separating from the Church of England; in a Letter to John Gill, D. D. Editor of them. By the Rev. Spencer Cobbold, A. M. 8vo.

Paul's Epistle to the Romans, in Hebrew. Corrected from the Version published by Dr. Hutter, at Nuremburg, 1600, and by Dr. Robinson, at London, 1661; now re-published, with many unprove ments, by Richard Caddick, M. A. 12mo. A full and complete Analysis of Dr. Paley's Natural Theology or, Evidences of the Existence at Attributes of the Deity: collected from the Appearances of Nature, By Jeremiah Joyce. 3s.

Letters on the Atonement. By Rev. Ca Jerram, A. M. Sold by Rivington, Button, and Williams. 8vo. price 2s. 6d.

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in the Books of the Old and New Testa ments, alphabetically arranged, and adapted to the Comprehension and retention of young Readers.

The Taxes of Great Britain; what they produced; Charge of Management, &c. for the Year ending the 5th of January, 1804. 1s.

Modern London; being the History and present State of the British Metropolis: lustrated with Sixty Engravings, 4to. £3.3s.

with an

The Gazetteer of Scotland; containing a Description of that Kingdom Account of the Political Constitution," State of Agriculture. Natural History, Population, &c. with a Map. 850, 10s, 6d.

Experiments; proving Vacciolation, or Cow pox Inoculation to be a permanent Security against Small-pox, with Facts, and Remarks. By Samuel Hill, Surgeon, Portsea, and of the Royal Navy. 1s. 6d.

The Works of Dr. John Brown. To which is prefixed, a Biographical Account of the Author. By William Cullen Brown, M. D. 3 vols. 8vo. £I. I8.615 14

Plunder and Partition, as practised on the Continental Neighbours of France, explained to the British Public. 25. SEA

Au Essay on Man; written upon Prin ciples opposite to those of Lord Bolingbroke. With Notes. By W. Churchey, small 8vo. 48.

Correspondence between a Gentleman in Berlin and a Person of Distinction in London; comprising Remarks on the Political Occurrences from August 1803 to June 1804, 8vo. 5s, boards, L

A succinct View of Physical and Moral Means which might be successfully employed by Great Britain, with, or without, the Aid of other Nations, against the com mon Enemy of Peace; including a Plan of Defence. With Observations on the Necessity of a new Organization of Germany, and on the injurious Consequences of tolerating the Neutrality of Spain and Portugal,

*RELIGIOUS INTELLIGENCE. MOS

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THE last letters received from Mr. Brunton and the other Missionaries at Karass, are dated the 15th of May, 1804. At that time they were all (twenty-three in number, including women and children,) in good health. They had inclosed a piece of ground for a garden, and had sown in it a variety of seeds. They had likewise plowed some ground, and sown it with some wheat, of which, as the soil is excellent, they looked for a plentiful crop. They state themselves to have almost daily conversations with the natives on the subject of re ligion, and that many of them have appeared at times to be impressed with a conviction of the truth of the gospel; but that these impressions are transient, and that hitherto nothing can be said with certainty of the conversion of any of them. The Missionaries have now living with them six young natives, some of whom can already read and speak the English language pretty distinctly.

Notwithstanding the zealous endea vours of the Missionaries to make converts to christianity, which, it may reasonably be supposed, must be of, fensive to the bigotted Mahommedans, they have succeeded, beyond their hopes, in gaining the good opinion of the natives. Wherever they go, they are well treated; and when travel ling through the country, they have only to say that they belong to the English at Beshtaw, in order to escape all molestation, even where Russians dare not venture alone.

We will now lay before our readers such extracts from the letters of these Missionaries, as are likely to prove generally interesting.

We are settled on the east side of the largest of the five mountains, called by the Tartars, Beshtaw*, about 52 versts to the westward of Georghievesk, and about 8 versts, north-east from Constantinegorod. These two places are fortified towns on what are called, the Lines of Caucasus because there is a chain of forts running

* Best, in the Tartar language, signis fies five, nd Taw or Tagh signifies mounTain.

from the Caspian Sea, along the frontier of the empire in this quarter. Georghievesk is by much the largest of these places," and the usual residence of the governor of the province. We live close to a village consisting of Tartars and Circassians; for we durst not venture at first to settle a lone. The name of the village is Karass. It lies betwixt two branches of the Kuma, which at this place is a small river, some what less than the Tweed at Peebles. It runs by the walls both of Georghievesk and Constantinegorod. We suppose that Karass may be about 800 versts nearly south-west of Astracan, and about 400 north of Tifflis, the capital of Georgia," though the road by which the Russians go to Tifflis must be a great deal more. We reckon ourselves about 70 or 80 versts from the river Cuban, or Cubane, which runs into the Euxine, and about as far from the Terki, or Terk as the natives call it, the nearest sea-port, and, from the acwhich runs into the Caspian. Kisliar is counts we have received, cannot be much more than 300 versts from us.” (p. 192.)

"Catagerry, the young Sultan, whom we formerly mentioned, has again left us. His relations laboured hard to bring this about, and at last succeeded by offering him some tempting rewards. Although we were sorry to see the mind of this sensible youth so much perverted, yet we saw no propriety in cherishing his worldly-mindto induce him to continue with us. We edness, by offering him greater rewards set before him the consequences of the step he was taking, and the danger of inordinately loving the world; but we used no other means to prevent him from fol lowing his own inclinations. He had not, however, been long away from us, till he expressed a desire to return; but as he made no direct application to us, we thought it our duty to take no notice of it. Upon which he went to the General at taken under his protection. His request Constantinegorod, and requested to be was readily granted, and if he behave well, he is likely to receive from the Em peror a military appointment suited to the dignity of his birth. He came a few days ago to see us. He is a youth of very suž perior abilities. When he came first to us, he was learning to be a Mohammedan priest. We have not been the means of making him a Christian jabut we have succeeded in shaking his belief in the dock trines of Mabomets We are sorry that he has left us; yet we still hope to be of use to him. At any rate, it is better for bins to be a Russian soldier than a Mohamme dan priest.

"Some time ago, we redeemed from slavery, a young lad about 15 or 16 years of age. He belongs to a people called Shegons, who lived in the mountains, beyond the Cabardian country, and who speak the Tartar language. He tells us that his countrymen are sadly oppressed by the Cabardians, and their own chiefs. Like most of the tribes' who inhabit the mountains, they were formerly Christians. Many of them have been compelled to be come Mohammedans'; but some of them have never yet been prevailed on to change their creed. His own relations, he says, bave never agreed to use the Mohamme dan forms of prayer, from an opinion that Mohammedanisin brings along with it mortal diseases. His relations are free people, and of course, he also was free. But he was sold to those from whom we ransomed him, to buy provisions for a chief and his slaves. He is learning to read along with the rest of the children, and discovers a pretty good capacity. He attends with the greatest carnestness to our instructions, and shews a wonderful desire to learn. He has lately made an open profession of our religion. He attends wo hip regularly, takes off his cap, sits with our people, stands when they stand, and does as they do. All this is so very abborrent to the Mohammedans, that we cannot help being both surprised and pleased at his resolution. When trying, the other night, to impress guilt on his mind, he wept. At the same time, he has little idea, as yet, of the sinfulness of his na ture and practice. We pray that God may make us useful to him. The two lit te orphans whom we redeemed last summe, are very tractable. They do as they are bid, and will soon be able to read tolerably well. As they do not mingle with the boys of the village, we are hopeful they will be trained up in good habits. ***Abdy, the priest of the village, whom we have mentioned so frequently, appears to be still in a very uncomfortable state of mind. Sometimes he speaks like a zealous Mohammedan, and at other times like a serious Christian. He has frequently told us that he did not know what to believe One day, talking with some of our peo ple, he advised them to read the Bible carefully, and to satisfy their minds, as to its truth, while they were young. "As for myself,' said he, I am a poor, old, foolish, and miserable man. I know not what to believe. I can fieither say that I am of the one religion, nor the other, (meaning the Christian and Mohamme dan); I stand between the two, and am distracted with doubts and uncertainty. At another time, speaking of the readiness with which duties ought to be performed; be said, Jesus Christ hath shed his blood for you, and why should you grudge to do thus much for him? He makes many speeches of this kind when conversing

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with us; yet he continues to perform the functions of a Mohammedan priest. He is very cautious what he says before his own people: we are told, however, that he has been heard to say, it would have been good for him he never had seen the New Testament. He tells us that he is so much connected with the Mohammedans, in a variety of ways, that he knows not how to get free of them. It is evident, that he is much influenced by the fear of man, and other worldly considerations, Were he to become a christian indeed, he might be of great service in forwarding the views of the Society. We have had many conversations with other priests in this neighbourhood; bat we find them generally averse to enter upon any discussion of the evidences of their religion, and frequently they tell us to ebaverse about something else. Abdy says, that he has traversed the whole country, seeking for answers to our objections to his faith; but that instead of finding them, our objec tions have rather tended to excite doubts in the minds of some, of his learned bre thren.

"We have been at considerable pains to procure information respecting the na merous tribes which inhabit the mountains, Every thing we have heard tends to shew that they present a wide field for Missionai'y labours. But we are sorry to say, that the difficulty of labouring in it, is almost inconceivable. A large proportion of the people are slaves, and dare not leave their masters. The free people, if they can be called so, have received presents from their chiefs, on condition of their remain ing with them for life. Besides, the Cabardian country, in which there is no travelling with safety, lies between us and the mountains, in which there are still many tribes who profess the christian reli. gion. Through the zeal of the Mohamme dans, however, their number is gradually diminishing.

"We were lately visited by an American gentleman, on his way to Georgia. He spent a night with us, and to'd us that he had been introduced to the Emperor, who spoke of us very favourably, and expressed his hopes that we would be of use to the poor people among whom we have ventured to settle. We had set out, he was pleased to say, upon the best plan that could be thought of, in so far us he could judge, for accomplishing our öðject.”

"We are extremely desirous to translate the whole of the New Testament, and to publish some tracts in the Tartar language; but have no way of getting them printed. Besides, without a Tartar dies tionary, we cannot ascertain the proper orthography. We hope you are endea vouring to procure one for us. A few days ago, we gave Abdy a small tract to cor rect and copy for us, which he promised

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