knowledges the tone of Scripture to be such that, if it were not for certain assertions in it of the divine unity, it would naturally lead to tritheism. A more absurd and unreasonable opinion, and one more utterly at variance with the design of the Scripture as a rule and guide for the poor and unlearned, it is difficult to imagine. In fact, no one, rich or poor, ever deduced Sabellianism from the Bible. It is an ingenious artifice to explain away the doctrine of the Trinity, and nothing more.

The Old and New Testament Connected, &c. By Humphry Prideaux, D.D. With an Account of the Rabbinic Authorities, arranged alphabetically. By A. McCaul, D.D., Canon of St. Paul's, and Professor of Hebrew, King's College, London. London: Tegg. 2 vols. 8vo.

THIS edition of Prideaux's Connexons is not noticed on account of any care which has been bestowed on reprinting the text or references, of which no opinion is here given, but for the purpose of recommending to the student of Rabbinical Literature the brief, but extremely satisfactory and valuable introduction prefixed to it by Dr. McCaul, unquestionably the highest authority on such subjects in these countries, and one who, by his long and indefatigable labours, has done more to promote Christianity among the Jews, and to win them to a candid examination of its claims, than any other man living.

Indications of the Creator. By W. Whewell, D.D., Master of Trinity College,
Cambridge. London: Parker. 12mo. pp. 171.
Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation; its Argument Examined and
Exposed. By S. R. Bosanquet, Esq. London: Hatchard. 12mo.
pp. 56.

THESE works are placed together, merely because they are both designed to meet the mischief likely to be done by the recent publication of Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation. Dr. Whewell's interesting and thoughtful work consists of extracts from his History of the Inductive Sciences, his Bridgewater Treatise, and his Philosophy of the Sciences, which he has published in this form, from a persuasion that they may be interesting to many persons who would be unlikely to read the larger works from which they are taken.

Ecclesiastical Architecture of Great Britain. Edited by H. Bowman, Architect. London: Parker. 4to.

THIS extremely beautiful work, of which eleven parts have now been published, has been noticed already with deserved commendation, not only on account of the beauty and carefulness of the drawings, but also for its freedom from those follies and superstitions which have done so much to render the restoration of ecclesiastical architecture distasteful to sensible people. The ninth and tenth parts contain the views of Long Ashton Church, Somersetshire, with splendid illuminated details of its screens, which are most exquisite specimens of the carved wood-work of the fourteenth century. It is to be hoped this beautiful work may receive the encouragement it deserves.

Reflections on the Testimonies of St. Paul, with Reference chiefly to the Holy Eucharist. By J. H. Pott, M.A., Chancellor of the Cathedral Church of Exeter and Prebendary of St Paul's. London: Rivington. 8vo. pp. 51. AN admirable pamphlet, full of well-digested thoughts, calculated to meet the erroneous views that have been of late circulated in the church, and written in a truly devotional and affectionate spirit.

A History of the Nonjurors; their Controversies and Writings; with Remarks on some of the Rubrics in the Book of Common Prayer. By Thomas Lathbury, M.A. London: Pickering. 8vo. pp. 530.

THIS is a really valuable addition to the History of the Church of England. It is by far the most complete account of the Nonjurors that has as yet appeared, and contains references to a vast number of their works, and those of their opponents. Generally speaking, Mr. Lathbury's views are remarkably temperate and just. The observation on the Rubrical questions agitating the church, regarding the surplice and offertory, might have been omitted without any injury to the work. With regard to the surplice, there is one question which the writer would be thankful to have answered. If the surplice be the proper and canonical dress in the pulpit, why is it, that in a cathedral no one whatever is allowed to preach in a surplice except the members of the cathedral themselves? The writer is really desirous to know what answer can be given to this question by those who maintain that the surplice is the only pulpit dress which is conformed to the Rubric.

The Teaching of the Prayer Book, &c. By John Wood Warter, B.D., Christ Church, Oxford; Rector of Patching, and Vicar of West Tarring, Sussex. London: Rivington. 8vo. pp. 215.

THIS treatise, the author states, is "but the condensed notes of a series of sermons, delivered to a country congregation-all poor, and all unlettered, during the space of eleven years." It is a work exceedingly simple and devotional in its tone and language, and at the same time full of learning-the work of one intimately acquainted with liturgies and liturgical writers, ancient and modern, and bearing on every page proofs of the most cordial attachment to the Book of Common Prayer in its present state. The parish clergyman and the student will find it no less useful and instructive to himself, than serviceable as a work to put in the hands of the laity.

Twenty Sermons, Suitable to the Times, on the first part of the Book of Common Prayer. By the Rev. F. Dusantoy, A.M., &c. London: Nisbet. 12mo. pp. 342.

THIS is the first volume of a course of lectures on the English liturgy, -and, in the preface, the author states that he has ventured to differ from all other commentators on church services: and he explains himself by stating his fundamental position to be this, that "remission of sins depending on faith and repentance, as a procuring cause, cannot possibly mean anything beyond the sense of pardon, or the

remission of deserved and provoked chastisement." This Mr. Dusantoy is pleased to call a scriptural foundation. How extraordinary, that the knowledge, that in this monstrous hypothesis he differs from all the wise and the good who have gone before him, did not lead him to doubt its correctness, or its right to be considered scriptural! It is melancholy to think of such errors being taught by any of the clergy to the poor and uneducated.

A Manual of British Historians to A.D 1600, containing a Chronological Account of the Early Chroniclers and Monkish Writers, their Printed Works, and Unpublished MSS. By W. D. Macray. London: Pickering. 8vo. pp. 109.

THIS beautifully printed volume will be found extremely useful to the student of the history of the English Church-ancient English history being, in fact, with scarcely any exception, ecclesiastical history -not only its authors being almost all monks and dignitaries of the church, but the history of religious affairs being constantly interwoven with their narrations of temporal affairs.

Christ our All in All. By the Rev. Robert Montgomery, M.A., Oxon. Second Edition. London: Baisler. 12mo. pp. 321.

THIS volume it is impossible to read. A portrait of the author, with black stock and eye-glass, gives such a sickening idea of vanity and conceit, as to make one lay down the book in utter disgust.

MISCELLANEA.

THORNEY ISLAND ET TOUT LE CHAMPS.
[Communicated.]

THORNEY ISLAND, et Tout le Champs, is the ancient designation of that district of the metropolis called Westminster, bounded on one side by the Mall and the Green Park, and on the other sides by the Thames, and the Aye or Ty-bourne.

Thorney Island is about 470 yards long, and 370 yards broad, washed on the east side by the Thames, on the south by a rivulet running down College-street, on the north by another stream wending its way to the Thames down Gardener's-lane: this and the Collegestreet rivulet were joined by a moat, called Long-ditch, forming the western boundary of Thorney Island, along the present line of Princes and De la Hay streets. This Island was the Abbey and Palace precinct, which, in addition to the water surrounding it, was further defended by lofty stone walls (part of which still remain in the Abbeygardens) in these walls were four noble gates, one in King-street, one near New Palace-yard (the foundations of which I observed in

December, 1838, in excavating for a new sewer), one opening into Tothill-street, and one at the mill by College-street. The precinct was entered by a bridge, erected by the Empress Maud, at the end of Gardener's-lane, in King-street, and by another bridge, still existing, though deep below the present pavement, at the east end of Collegestreet.

On the spot thus powerfully defended, St. Edward founded his celebrated abbey; and as at Athens from the σroà Bariλin, where the Archon Bartus presided, the whole building derived its name, so the church of the Confessor's abbey gave name to the great city which in process of time grew up around it, and extended itself so considerably to the northward and eastward, that in an ancient charter preserved in the British Museum, the boundaries of the City and Liberties of Westminster are thus defined:

"First up from the Thames, along Merfleet to Pollen-stock, so to Bulinga fer afterwards from the fen, along the old ditch to Cowford: from Cowford up along Tyburne to the broad military road: following the military road to the old stock of St. Andrew's Church: then within London fen, proceeding south on Thames to mid stream; and along the stream, by land and strand, to Merfleet."

Thorney Island, et Tout le Champs! who would imagine that from hence is derived the puzzling appellation, Tothill-street. Tothill-street, says one, is evidently a misnomer, for it is quite low and flat without any hill at all. But when we find Aiguille et Fil corrupted into "Eagle and Child," or the "Satyr and Bacchanals" converted into the "Devil and Bag of Nails!" we surely may, without any very great stretch of imagination, suppose tout le champs, as the Norman-French spoken at court became mixed with the language of the people, easily altered to "tout-le-fields," and contracted to "toutle," "touthull," or "tothill."

Although Thorney Island, for a period of seven or eight centuries, has continued to be the seat of the legislature, government, and law, as well as the place where the solemn compact between sovereign and people must be ratified, circumstances necessarily demanding the attendance of a vast number of persons, it excites our astonishment to find that the open space around the ancient Palace and the Abbey, as well as the site of Great George-street, presented, until lately, the illassorted compound of architectural grandeur, human misery and filth, which had grown up from the magnificence and the ill-judged benevolence of St. Edward. The only access for carriages to the precinct, during all these centuries, was through King-street, then in so miserable a state that faggots were thrown into the cart-ruts to facilitate the passage of the state coach on the days on which the king went to parliament; and, little as King-street may be thought of now, it was then a superb street in comparison with the others on Thorney Island, which consisted chiefly of narrow, dirty streets, lined with wretched dwellings, and of numerous miserable courts and alleys, situate in the environs of the palace and abbey; where in the olden time the lawless characters claiming sanctuary found shelter; and so great had been the force of long custom, that the houses continued to

be rebuilt, century after century, in a miserable manner, for the reception of similar degraded outcasts. The inhabitants of these courts and alleys are stated in the 27th of Elizabeth, "to be for the most part of no trade or mystery, and become poor, and many of them wholly given to vice and idleness, living in contempt of all manner of officers;" and in James the First's time, "almoste every fourthe house is an alehouse, harbouring all sortes of lewde and badde people."

Let us now examine into the present state, and on this we have the evidence of the churchwardens, Messrs. Green and Wilson,-"That a great part of the district is without sewers, that from the total want of drainage, the fluids which soak out of, and through large dungheaps, either stagnate on the surrounding surface, or are carried out in soils, to be added to the other noisome contents of the open street gutters; unmixed soil, in fact, has been observed stagnating in ruinous and badly-constructed drains, open for many feet together, to be at length absorbed by the surrounding earth, or to find its way into the deeper of the adjacent cellars."

The Visiting Committee of the Board of Health of the united parishes of St. Margaret and St. John the Evangelist, in their Report, dated the 6th December, 1831, state, "That by far the greater portion of these parishes is without common sewers at all, or that where they exist they are, from dilapidation or other causes, wholly inefficient; to the extent that it is dreaded some serious evil will arise. All the endeavours of the inhabitants to keep their vicinity clean and wholesome are frustrated for want of drainage, there being no common sewers. And in parts where a sewer is said to traverse, its channel is so far above the level of the floors of the basement stories of the houses, that they are consequently occupied by standing water, holding in solution the most disgusting and hurtful impurities. In Strutton-ground we found the cellars deeply covered with offensive matter issuing from the neighbouring soil, and there are no means of removing it except by pumping during the night; we are of opinion that if some decided measures are not taken to remove the nuisance in this street, that a contagious fever of no ordinary malignity is likely to be produced."

Dr. Wright, the parish surgeon, states, "That fever is exceedingly prevalent, and had been very general in the months of April and May;"-the doctor had upwards of thirty cases of typhus fever in one court containing four houses; most of which cases, it is probable, would have terminated fatally had the sufferers not been removed from that locality;-" that fever is propagated and continued in these miserable courts long after the ravages of epidemics have ceased in more open parts."

Mr. Cubitt also has stated that "the ground between the Almonry and the western end of Palmer's village is occupied by the worst possible description of inhabitants. The land is exceedingly badly drained, or rather not drained; and there being no proper outlets for the water, a great deal of bad air must pass off by evaporation from the quantity of stagnant water upon the surface and in the cesspools."