to the state; and, as the last resource, I proposed to open a Latin school for the support of my family. But this privilege was denied, on pretence that, as a prisoner of war, I was not entitled to exercise any lucrative occupation in the state. I then applied for permission to remove to Canada, which, after much difficulty and expense, I obtained, upon the following conditions-to give bail in the sum of 4007. to send a rebel colonel in my room, or else return to Albany, and surrender myself a prisoner whenever required. In consequence of which I set out on my journey from Schenectady on the 19th of September last, with my wife and three small children; and, after suffering much fatigue and difficulty, we arrived safe at St. John's, in Canada, on the 9th instant. The Mohawks are extremely happy at my arrival, and flatter themselves that I will reside among them. But, having lost the most part of my private property by the depreciation of the paper currency, and other accidents peculiar to the times, and having a family to maintain in this very expensive place, I shall be under the necessity of accepting a chaplaincy which Mr. John Johnson, with his wonted kindness, is pleased to offer me in his second battalion. I cannot omit to mention that my church was plundered by the rebels, and the pulpit cloth taken away from the pulpit; it was afterwards employed as a tavern, the barrel of rum placed in the reading-desk. The succeeding season it was used for a stable, and now serves as a fort to protect a set of as great villains as ever disgraced humanity." On his arrival in Canada he immediately repaired to the Mohawk village, where he was affectionately welcomed by his Indian flock. They offered to build a house for him, that he might continue to reside amongst them; but he preferred fixing his residence at Montreal, and going over to them once a month. He was soon afterwards appointed chaplain to the 2nd Battalion of the Royal Yorkers; and in addition to this duty he opened a school, which had long been wanted in the city. The loyalty of the clergy in the northern states drew down upon them the resentment of the republican authorities, and many of them, of course, sought protection under the royal flag, while not a few of those who survived the troubles were afraid to remain in America. A large number of refugees, among whom were several clergy, sought an asylum in New York; and it became necessary, in addition to the churches of the city, to provide accommodation for divine worship in the City Hall, where the refugee clergymen ministered to their brethren in affliction.* We cannot better conclude these few notices of the faithfulness and loyalty with which the missionaries for the most part conducted themselves, amid trials and difficulties of no ordinary kind, than by citing the following testimony of the Bishop of Oxford (Butler) in his anniversary sermon, 1784 : "But the most conspicuous mark of the prudent care of the Society has been exhibited in the choice of their missionaries. If they have * Letter of the Rev. John Sayre, August 14th, 1782. not all proved equally unexceptionable, every possible precaution has been used to admit none of evil report. The indispensable qualifications annexed to the annual abstract of our proceedings might serve to evince this, had not the missionaries themselves, during the last seven or eight years, by their conduct and sufferings, borne abundant testimony to the attention and discernment of the Society. "The characters of those worthies will entitle them to a lasting memorial in some future impartial history of the late events in that country. Their firm perseverance in their duty, amidst temptations, menaces, and in some cases cruelty, would have distinguished them as meritorious men in better times. In the present age, when persecution has tried the constancy of very few sufferers for conscience here, so many in one cause argue a larger portion of disinterested virtue still existing somewhere among mankind than a severe observer of the world might be disposed to admit." And when the connexion between the colonies and the mother country had been finally severed by the acknowledgment of American independence, it is gratifying to find that the long services rendered by the Society to the cause of religion and of the church in America were not forgotten. In an address, dated October 5, 1785, from the clerical and lay deputies of the episcopal church, in sundry of the United States of America, to the archbishops and bishops of the church of England, the following grateful acknowledgment is made : "All the bishops of England, with other distinguished characters, as well ecclesiastical as civil, have concurred in forming and carrying on the benevolent views of the Society for Propagating the Gospel in Foreign Parts; a Society to whom, under God, the prosperity of our church is, in an eminent degree, to be ascribed. It is our earnest wish to be permitted to make, through your lordships, this just acknow. ledgment to that venerable Society." E. H. ANTIQUITIES, ETC. QUERIES AND DIRECTIONS, INTENDED AS A GUIDE FOR THE SYSTEMATIC ARRANGEMENT OF TOPOGRAPHICAL NOTES OR COMMUNICATIONS. THE necessity of adopting a systematic form in the arrangement of notes taken in the course of architectural or antiquarian researches, must have been felt by all persons who have bestowed any detailed attention upon national and local antiquities. The following synopsis, compiled by William Bromet, Esq., M.D., F.S.A., has been given, (though with some variations and additions here made,) in the second Note to Bishop Bagot's Sermon, 1790, p. 16. volume of the Archæological Journal, page 66, published under the direction of the central committee of the British Archæological Association, as a plan for the arrangement of observations, and destined as a guide for the more satisfactory communication of the results of local research by the members of that society, or other persons, at the annual meeting of the Association, to be held, as at present proposed, during one of the weeks in the month of August or September next, at Winchester. It is hoped that this systematic arrangement may prove acceptable to many of the clergy, and to other persons, who are disposed to investigate the remains of ancient times which exist within the range of their observation. Some of these questions are taken from a list sent by M. Guizot, when Minister of Public Instruction, to each of the 33,000 communes, or parishes, in France; but several queries which are found in the French list have been omitted, and their place supplied by others which are more applicable to English monuments. No. I.-BRITISH REMAINS. 1. Are there in the parish or township any rocks or stones which are objects connected with tradition or popular superstition—and what names do they severally bear? 2. Are they adherent to the soil, or placed there by the hand of man? 3. Of what nature (geologically considered) are they; and, if not similar to the stones in the immediate vicinity, from what locality and from what distance were they probably brought; and whether over a hilly or flat country? 4. What is their number-their average height, breadth, and thicknessand their distance from each other? If arranged circularly, elliptically, in parallel rows, or otherwise, a ground plan would be desirable. 5. Are any of them long stones vertically planted in the earth; are they isolated, or are they within, or near, a circle of upright stones or other monuments of a similar character? 6. Are any poised in equilibrio upon one another, as rocking-stones-Are they in groups of two, three, or four, with another placed upon them horizontally so as to form a kind of altar-Or, if in greater numbers than three or four, are they so arranged as to form a long covered gallery, and to what point of the compass does such gallery open? 7. Have any through, or between, them a hole sufficiently large to admit the passage of a child or adult-Have they been fashioned into any regular form— Have they any kind of sculpture, and have the horizontal stones any natural or artificial channels on them? 8. Have any excavations been made near them, and have they any appearance of having been formerly included within the centre of tumuli formed of small stones or earth-And what has been found near them? 9. Are any of these monuments on or near the bounds of the parish, or other ancient geographical division ? 10. Are there any isolated or grouped conical or other shaped earthen mounds formed artificially, not being parts of medieval fortifications-Were they apparently for military or sepulchral purposes; or as places of refuge for the inhabitants of a district subject to inundation-Have they ever been dug * Information respecting the objects and annual meeting of the Association may be obtained, on application to the Secretary, Albert Way, Esq., 12, Rutland Gate, Hyde Park, London. The Quarterly Archæological Journal is published in London by Messrs. Longman and Co.; at Oxford by J. H. Parker; and at Cambridge by J. Deighton. into-What was found in them-And what was the construction of any masonry they may have exhibited? 11. Are there any artificial or natural caverns apparently employed either as sepulchres or as granaries, or hiding-places ? 12. Are there any trees, wells, or springs, which are of superstitious interest— And at what distance are they from the present church? 13. Is there any ancient trackway or road in the parish-What are its materials, construction, and direction, whether winding on the sides of hills or nearly in a straight line? 14. Have any bones of man been found, and to what compass-point was the upper part of the skull directed? or the bones of inferior animals, or any wedge or hatchet-like objects of stone or metal-any shields, spears, swords, or other weapons-arrow-heads, or knives of bone and flint-pottery, bone pins, rings, beads, bracelets, collars, coins, been discovered under or near any such monu ments as above designated, or in other localities?—At what depth beneath the surface have any interments been found-were the bodies buried upright, or with the face downwards—and was the grave lined with stones, or how formed? II. ROMAN REMAINS. 1. Is there in the parish any kind of road said to have been formed by the Romans or their immediate successors, or any traces of such-And what are the materials and mode of its construction? 2. What name and history do the peasantry attach to it? 3. What is its general direction by compass-And what are the names of those parts of the parish, whether hamlets, farms, or fields, which it traverses? 4. Have any ancient sculptured stones, or the foundations of any edifice, been discovered near it? 5. Are there any regular elevations of earth, or enclosures called ancient camps, and does any ancient road or causeway terminate at such enclosures? 6. Is there any spot traditionally said to be a battle-field—and have any intrenchments, bones, warlike instruments, &c., supporting such tradition, been found thereon or in the vicinity? 7. Have any fragments of urns of glass or pottery,—any lamps, coins, buckles, pins, or bracelets, brooches, rings, seals, keys, cubes of clay for mosaic pavement, or small figures of men or animals, been discovered in the parish, and in what precise localities? 8. Are there any walls faced with small-squared stones, either in regular or irregular courses, and divided horizontally at certain distances by bricks peculiarly shaped, and are such buildings in straight or curved lines? Of what quality and composition is the mortar or any cement on them? 9. Have there been found any inscribed stones—or portions of columns, or statues of bronze or marble? 10. Have any coffins of stone, lead, or baked earth been found, either singly or in groups-And in what direction of the compass were the heads laid-If such coffins still exist, and have any ornaments or inscriptions, it would be desirable to take rubbings or impressions from them, by means of soft paper and leather dressed with black lead and oil, or by rubbings taken with heel-ball. The same modes of producing facsimiles are applicable to all objects, whether engraved, or sculptured in low relief. 11. Have any ancient coins or seals been found?—If so, ascertain the metal of which they are composed, and procure impressions in sealing wax from the various kinds of them, noting precisely in what locality, and with what other ancient objects, they were found. 12. In whose possession were, or now are, any such remains as above enumerated? No. III.-ECCLESIASTICAL REMAINS (Externally.) 1. WHAT ECCLESIASTICAL EDIFICES or conventual remains are there in the parish? 2. Is there an old church, and of what general plan is it, whether cruciform, with or without aisles, tower, ancient porch, or vestry? Is the east end flat, or circular, or multangular, and in what precise direction of the compass are the chancel and the nave built? 3. What are its extreme dimensions, and the general thickness of the walls? 4. Of what materials is it-Are there any brick, such as are commonly termed Roman, about the doors and windows, or in the body of the walls? 5. Are the buttresses flat or graduated, and how are they ornamented and terminated-Are they placed at regular distances? 6. Are there any remains of a rood-loft staircase? 7. Are the parapets plain or embattled-Have they pinnacles, gable crosses, or gurgoyles for the escape of water-Are the walls ornamented with sculptured bands, as continuations of the dripstones, or with moulded strings under the windows, or elsewhere-Has the gable of the nave or either aisle any bellturret ? 8. How many door-ways are there? are any now stopped up, and are their heads semicircular or pointed, whether of lancet or equilateral form, or struck from two or four centres, or of ogee form, or flat? 9. Are the doorway mouldings round or angular-plain or ornamented—and of what architectural style? 10. Has the chancel any low narrow doorway, and of what form is its head ? Do any of the doors themselves appear ancient, and of what form is their ironwork? 11. Of what shape are the window arches-especially those at the east and west ends of the church? 12. Have they dripstones-Are the mullions and transoms of the windows plain or moulded-Is the tracery of their heads in straight or flowing lines? 13. Are there any niches for images-Or water-stoups externally? 14. Are there any covered gates (lich-gates) to the church-yard—Are there any crosses in the church-yard or village-Are there any tombs in the churchyard, remarkable on account of their form, date, or any other interesting circumstance connected with them? 15. What are the form and position of the tower-How many stages has it, and is it embattled-Has it a beacon-turret, or spire, and of what shape? 16. Is there any tree of remarkable size or age in the church-yard ? (Internally.) 17. Are the pillars cylindrical or angular-simple or clustered-Are their bases or capitals sculptured, and in what architectural style ? 18. Are the pier-arches semicircular or pointed-plain or moulded? 19. Are there any half-pillars (responds) attached to any of the walls? 20. Is there a triforium or gallery over the aisles-And if so, what kind of openings has it? 21. Are there any windows in the upper walls of the nave or chancel(Clerestory windows?) 22. Are the jambs and heads of the doorways and windows ornamented, and how? Have they any paintings on them? 23. Are the walls adorned with moulded strings, sculptured bands, or stone panelling-niches-corbels, or brackets? 24. Are there any sedilia in the chancel-Have any of them had a perforation at the back, as if for confessional purposes? 25. Is there a piscina hidden or apparent-plain or ornamented-Has it a shelf-Is there any closet-like recess or aumbry in the walls, and where ? |