0 THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE STATE ITS GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION BY JAMES QUAYLE DEALEY, PH.D. PROFESSOR OF SOCIAL AND POLITICAL SCIENCE SILVER, BURDETT & COMPANY NEW YORK BOSTON CHICAGO HARVARD COLLEGE LIZAN ALBERT BUSHNELL HART DEC 5 1923 COPYRIGHT, 1909, BY SILVER, BURDETT & COMPANY PREFACE THIS work contains in brief form the essential principles of the development of the state, its several governmental agencies and its activities. The writer has endeavored to show that the state develops in accord with definite laws and principles, and that these are largely determined by the conditions of economic and intellectual life. Progress comes therefore by purposive modification of such conditions through a governmental policy based on scientific knowledge. An attempt to cover so broad a field necessarily involves neglect of details and occasional poverty of illustration, but numerous references for wider reading and further study may in part atone for imperfections of that sort. It is hoped that from this epitome of the development of the state, the student and the general reader may obtain an outline of political organization and activity, so coördinated, that he will be able to understand more clearly the meaning of political institutions. In this age of democracy it is needful that all citizens comprehend the meaning of world politics, as well as the more humble field of national administration. Other things being equal, power goes to the state most capable of wielding it, and national greatness ultimately depends on an intelligent citizen-body striving for a definite end. A knowledge of governmental development should make more clear the means to be utilized for the attainment of that end, and what that end should be. These means, it is argued, are general economic well-being and intelligence, the fundamental conditions for the maintenance of democratic forms of government. J. Q. DEALEY. CONTENTS The Growth of Civilization: Meaning of civilization. Its earlier stages. Civilization traced through certain institu- tions. The progress of civilization Conditions that Affect Social Development: The three fundamental conditions. Necessity of abundant food supplies and metals. Expansion through commerce. Ex- pansion through manufactures. The question of popula- STAGES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE STATE I. The Primitive Period: The age of beginnings. The II. The Period of Settled Social Institutions: The factors in development. Elements of permanency. Agriculture. Slavery. Changes in tribal organization. The village |